I saw the place where horse-drawn carts and donkey carts were produced, and then I went to the side to see the production of wheelbarrows, and the model was not much different from horse-drawn carts. Pen × fun × Pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 info As a complement to animal-powered vehicles, unicycles are also essential. Horse-drawn carts and donkey carts were used for longer distances, while wheelbarrows were used for shorter distances. This simple vehicle does not require animal power, and is convenient and flexible, with a division of labor with horse-drawn carts and donkey carts.

In addition to vehicles, there are also various agricultural tools such as plows, columbs, and harrows, and even mobile stalls used by street vendors. According to Xu Ping's words in his previous life, what is produced here is a variety of production tools, which provide the means of production for the society, and is a heavy industry. Heavy industry is the foundation, and naturally it should be supported and given priority to development. Although there are not many people here, it occupies a good place and has a large territory.

Industry refers to the work and process of collecting raw materials and processing them into products, and the most important sign is the formation of a social division of labor, which is truly independent from agriculture and commerce. The level of development of the productive forces is not the same, and the industry naturally has different products, and it cannot be an industry because it can only make wood products at this time.

Just as industrial areas in the age of steam were best built where there was coal and steel, forming coal-steel complexes, in this era of course, it is necessary to choose places with water power and easy access to timber. The upper reaches of the Luohe River here are rare large mountainous areas in the Central Plains, with rich primeval forests, which can be streamed down the Yi River and the Luo River, and the source of materials is convenient and low-cost. After the dam was built, there was the abundant water power of the Yiluo River that could be utilized, which was equivalent to a good location for the construction of the coal and steel industry in the steam age.

As for the development of productive forces in the future, the appearance of steam engines, and the emergence of more suitable industrial centers, it is not a problem for Xu Ping to consider. In his previous life, as the level of productivity changed, the former heavy industrial areas also declined and were replaced by new industrial centers, which does not mean that it was wrong to build industrial centers in the past.

After reading it everywhere, he sat down in the official hall of the supervisor, and Xu Ping said to Yang Xue and Chong Shiheng: "After reading it once, what do you think in your hearts?" If there are any suggestions and comments, feel free to put them forward. ”

Yang Xuan thought for a while and replied: "Du Cao, I don't know how many carriages and donkey carts can be made in a year?" By the way, there is another point, just talk about donkey carts and carriages, can this cart and oxen be used? Nowadays, the people still use more cattle. ”

"Of course, it can also be used for ox carts, as long as you change the set you use. Horses, donkeys and mules use short sets, and ox carts are best used with long sets, although short sets can also be used, but they can't pull heavy objects. ”

Yang Xuan and Chong Shiheng glanced at each other, and both shook their heads secretly. It's a shame to say that they haven't really seen what the long and short sets Xu Ping said look like, and they don't know why they are so different. Now I have to keep it in my heart, and I will ask someone in the future.

The reason is actually very simple, human beings use draft animals mainly to use the two aspects of load-bearing capacity and pulling force, or it is a multi-pull and pull type. China's draft animal breeds, horses, donkeys and mules are all multiplied and pulled, in other words, they can use both traction and heavy loads, but the main use of load-bearing capacity, long-term use to avoid the use of traction. Because their instantaneous traction, for example, horses, is not much different from that of cattle, but one or two sticks of incense will be exhausted, the traction capacity will decline rapidly, and if forcibly used, it will quickly die. The ability to carry the load is not much less when used for a long time, and the military horse can carry it for several hours. Therefore, when pulling the car, it is necessary to divide a part of the load on their load-bearing capacity, otherwise it will not be able to pull heavy objects.

Cattle are different, the strength is mainly in traction, especially for a long time, the traction decline is very slow, and it is not easy to get tired. The ancients persuaded the ox to ride the horse, which naturally made sense.

Compatible with the use of weight-bearing capacity and pulling force, there is a difference between a long sleeve and a short sleeve. The long set is to try to keep the load of the car on the wheels, and use people to drive to control the direction and use the traction of the draft animals. The short sleeve should be divided into a large part of the load on the body of the draft animal, in the saying that the car should sink forward, and the force should be used at the same time. When the carriage pulls the goods, it is necessary to use a short sleeve to make full use of the horsepower, and the empty carriage can be replaced with a long sleeve to allow the horse to rest. Cattle are just the opposite, when pulling goods, use a long sleeve, use the traction of the ox, when the car is empty, you can change to a short sleeve, let the driver rest.

It is precisely because of this characteristic that oxen are used to plough the land, and horses, donkeys and mules are used to ride or pull or carry goods. Riding on the back of an ox is often a shepherd boy, young and light, or a fairy. Horses are generally not used to plough the land, and the donkeys of this era are not large enough to be used, and only mules can barely partially replace cattle, but they cannot be used for a long time.

As for the horse farming mentioned in later generations, not to mention the horse breeds in the Central Plains and the surrounding areas, even Europe has not successfully bred horses. Without heavy horses, any horse ploughing and horse-drawn trains are all jokes, and in the case of heavy traction, ordinary passenger horses can not run a mile and are scrapped. Historically, there were wild heavy horses in Europe, and people there spent hundreds of years breeding heavy horses from heavy horses, and then crossed with other horse breeds to obtain a multiplier and pull horse. With heavy horses, there were Europeans with horse farming, four-wheeled wagons, and horse-drawn trains. Using Asian passenger horses, whether Mongolian horses or Arabian horses, these are far inferior to old scalpers. Even if the cattle's life is not suitable for long-distance transportation and they must spend a lot of time grazing, they will not die of exhaustion in at least a day or two, and they will not be able to run for several miles if they are still exhausted.

In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, horse farming in the development of Northeast China was based on the newly bred horses. Without those crossbred horses, even if every family raises dozens of horses, it is for nothing, and Chinese horses cannot do the work of cattle.

In this era, heavy horses are brought in from Europe, and Xu can't wait to breed a useful heavy horse. That kind of time is measured in hundreds of years, where can you afford to wait? Naturally, things should be done according to local conditions and according to the actual situation.

The carriages made here are sold with sets at the same time, a long set and a short set. When selling ploughs, they are also equipped with long and short sets, and unlike horse-drawn carts, the sets are used for oxen. The ox and the long sleeve can be used to plough the land or pull the cart, and the short sleeve is used for driving, which is basically the same as the ordinary ox cart set.

In fact, compared with cars, the effect of these sets is greater, and Xu Ping used the knowledge of running around the countryside for many years in his previous life to improve them. It's just that the set is inconspicuous and doesn't attract the attention of others.

The redesignation of fifth-class households, and the removal of draft animals such as horses, donkeys, mules, cattle, and camels will no longer be included in the assets of households, which will inevitably stimulate the private sector to raise more. With a greater number of draft animals, coupled with new cheap vehicles, it is convenient for social transportation and commodity circulation, and the enhancement of commodity circulation capacity will in turn stimulate the development of commodity economy.

The ultimate goal of all Xu Ping's efforts is to let the commodity economy develop in this era. With the development of the commodity economy, the productive forces will advance and the growth of social wealth will be promoted. At that time, even if it is a tax cut, there will be a huge increase in the money and grain received by the government, and this is the way to long-term peace and stability.