Chapter Thirty-Eight: Recovering My Mountains and Rivers
A unified and powerful regime in the northern steppes was never a good thing for the Central Plains regime. Pen, fun, pavilion www. biquge。 Facing aggression from the north has become an unavoidable fate in almost every dynasty and generation in Chinese history.
The Xiongnu in the Qin and Han dynasties, the Turks in the Sui and Tang dynasties, the Mongols and Jurchens in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and even Russia in the Republic of China to the present. It's all true. The pressure of national defense is only secondary, and there are countless examples of the death of the country.
After the unification of Mongolia meant that the trouble of the Ming Dynasty came. At that time, due to the relationship of blood, Tuhuan could only come out to coerce the Son of Heaven to order the princes. But in the hands of Yexian, this only bit of trouble is no longer a trouble as the strength of the Warats grows stronger.
During the reign of Yexian, the Mongol power reached its peak, and all the eastern and western Mongolia were controlled by it. He also went all the way to the east and west, sealed the official governance, and formed alliances through marriages and alliances, and finally took Qierjisi, Hami, Shazhou, Handong, Chijin, and Wuliangha Sanwei into his hands. After that, he also formed good alliances with the Jurchen tribes and made them work for them. At its strongest, the entire Mongol power reached Korea in the east, the Chu River and the Talas River in the west, Southern Siberia in the north, and the Great Wall in the south.
At this point, Mongolia has reached the strongest peak after the Northern Yuan was expelled to the steppe, and with the strength of the Mongols, it is natural that the disaster of the Ming Dynasty came.
Five years after succeeding to the throne, that is, in the summer of the fourteenth year of orthodoxy in 1449, he also sent troops to attack Datong, Xuanfu, Liaodong, and Gansu under the pretext of attacking. Emperor Yingzong, at the instigation of the great eunuch Wang Zhen, led his troops to personally recruit, and also lured the Ming army to Datong first, breaking its vanguard. Then, he gathered his troops at Tumu Fort, annihilated the main force of the Ming army, and captured Ming Yingzong to the north.
And this is the famous change of civil engineering. In October of the same year, he also besieged Beijing in an attempt to force the Ming Dynasty to make an alliance under the city. Fortunately, the sky does not die in the Ming Dynasty, and Yu Qian fought a proud battle to defend Beijing, defended the Beijing Division, and played the iron bones of the Ming people. After this battle, the Mongols suffered heavy losses, and internal contradictions were induced.
As a last resort, he first returned Ming Yingzong in the first year of Jingtai in 1450. Later, the relationship between the Ming Dynasty and Mongolia gradually returned to the normal relationship between tribute and mutual market.
Ni Yuanlu said about the changes in Tumubao, naturally he didn't want Zhu Cihong to lose his hard-won advantages because of his great achievements.
Ni Yuanlu pondered again and again, and then said: "Therefore, with the intention of his subordinates, please also ask the saint to slowly draw it." If you take Jiannu, you will take Mongolia first. ”
"What if you want to take Mongolia first?" Zhu Cihong asked.
"Then you should take the loop first." Ni Yuanlu said in a deep voice, but his eyes were full of regretful memories.
Zhu Cihong groaned slightly, and said: "I hope that the imperial court will have more and more Zeng Milling, and there will be no more Yan Song in the center." Ni Aiqing has any plans, just say it to your heart's content! Even if the sky falls apart, I will never give up my path to prosperity and strength! ”
Ni Yuanlu and Zhu Cihong have only three words, but behind them are countless stalks and countless historical allusions.
Da Ming used to own the Hetao.
Some people may not know about the so-called Hetao, but if you talk about Ningxia, most people can react. The Hetao mainly refers to the east of Helan Mountain, the west of Luliang Mountain, the south of Yinshan Mountain, and the north of the Great Wall. As the saying goes, the Yellow River is harmful, and it is only profitable, and this set is talking about the Hetao area. When the Yellow River flows through here, it bends and bends again and again, making it a rich and livable place in the south of the Yangtze River.
And because this is the interface between the desert grassland and the Central Plains, it is bordered by the north of the Saiwai, the south of Guanzhong, the west of Ganliang, and the east of Youyan, which is the northern fence of the ancient capital Chang'an, and the side barrier of Yanjing. Therefore, it has become an extremely important military base in history.
The Ming Dynasty regained the Hetao when they expelled Hulu, but with the weakening of their national strength, the Mongols gradually regained their breath from the grassland, so they invaded the Hetao again.
In order to resist the Mongols who invaded the Hetao, the imperial court repeatedly suppressed the set, searched the set, and continued to repeat the set, which lasted for a hundred years, and every inch of land was contested.
It's a pity that after the Tumubao Change, the Ming Dynasty gradually lost its effective control over the Hetao area. The Mongols were entrenched in the loop like a piece of psoriasis, and they couldn't get rid of it.
It was not until the Chenghua period that the imperial court finally made progress.
In the ninth year of Chenghua, that is, in 1473, Mandulu and others, who were entrenched in the Hetao, left their wives in Hongyanchi, and they led their troops to invade Qinzhou, Anding and other places to plunder. At this moment, Wang Yue, the governor of the Ming Dynasty, took advantage of the lack of preparedness in the Red Salt Pond to lead the Yansui general Xu Ning and the guerrilla general Zhou Yu to lead 5,000 cavalry to ambush the Red Salt Pond, severely damaging the foundation of Mandu Lu, so that it was finally unable to entrench, so he had to lead the remnants to retreat to the north of the Hetao, and thus briefly enjoyed peace for 20 years.
It's a pity that when it came to the Hongzhi Zhengde period, the Northern Yuan Golden Family ushered in Zhongxing, and Dayan Khan succeeded to the throne and attacked Mandulu, which was severely damaged by the battle of Hongyanchi, and took the Ordos Department as his own, divided into 60,000 households.
Dayan Khan set up an account in the territory of Chahar Wanhu on the left flank, and appointed his third son, Balsborot, to command the 30,000 households on the right flank, as Jinong. This area was later known as the Ordos Plateau.
As a result, although the national strength of the Ming Dynasty is acceptable, it has lost the Hetao.
During the Jiajing Longqing period, suffering from my attack, the imperial court transferred Zeng Mill to be the governor of the military department of Shaanxi Trilateral Military Affairs, and refused to answer 100,000 iron horsemen in Saimen with thousands of soldiers, and ordered the general Li Zhen to attack the camp of Maliangshan and force him to retreat. In the same year, Shangshu recovered the Hetao, and it was recommended to select generals in an eclectic manner; Diverting water from the Yellow River to prevent drought and flooding can also limit the cavalry. Emperor Zhun played, allocated 200,000 taels of silver, and dismissed the governors of Yansui, Shaanxi, and Ningxia who opposed the recovery of Hetao.
In the spring of the following year, Zeng milled and repaired the side wall, sent troops to the Hetao, and refused to accept peace. In June, the general forces of all walks of life were mobilized to encircle and annihilate, and I was forced to move the camp to cross the river.
In August, Zeng Mian republished his "Re-Discussion on the Restoration of the River and the Accumulation of Soldiers", saying: "China does not suffer from the absence of soldiers, but does not train the troops. The fee for the resumption is only the fee for one year of the Xuan (Fu) Da (same). The reason why the enemy invaded the unscrupulous is because he regards no one in the Central Plains. ”
Such deafening words have attracted countless people to reinvigorate their ambitions.
However, at this time, the treacherous minister Yan Song used the earthquake as a means of attack, and framed Zeng for his repetition of the trick, which caused the heavens to blame. He also led this matter to the change of the king's civil fort, which made Emperor Jiajing worry and provoked lightly, which once again caused the general disaster of the change of the civil fort and caused the loss of the imperial throne.
As a result, first the first assistant Xia Yan was dismissed, and not long after, Zeng Mill was also sent to prison.
In this way, there is no way to talk about this repetition. Later, when Longqing was old, Zhang Juzheng and Gao Gong were university scholars, and I got what the Mongolians dreamed of: mutual market. And the Ming Dynasty finally let me pay tribute during the reign of Zhang Juzheng and Gao Gong, and became the Shunyi King of the Ming Dynasty.
The peace that the people had been waiting for for a long time was finally achieved in the Ming Dynasty's thousands of miles of frontiers, and relying on the mutual market, the Ming and the Mongols ended the war.
However, the lost loop can no longer be mentioned in such a compromise.
Now that the Mongols have thrown themselves into the arms of the Jurchens, peace has been lost for decades, and the war is painful, but it also allows the Ming to bring up the act of revenge again.
As for the matter of Zeng Milling and the earthquake, it is the allusions in what Zhu Cihong and Ni Yuanlu said.
If you want to destroy Jiannu, you must first solve the Mongol problem. If you want to solve Mongolia, you must first take the Hetao. In order to take the Hetao, the imperial court has had countless examples of stabbing each other in the back to neglect national politics and the society suffer.
For this reason, Zhu Cihong was relieved again and again.
Hearing this, Ni Yuanlu's eyes couldn't help but moisten slightly, bowed solemnly, and then said everything he thought in his chest.
Zhu Cihong just heard it, and couldn't help nodding his head again and again, even Yang Wenyue on the side saw it, and couldn't help but keep bowing his head, and quietly sent people to write them down.
Things have to start after the change of the civil fort. Only by understanding the whole picture of the history of the Mongols can we understand Ni Yuanlu's plan this time.
After Jingtai returned to Emperor Yingzong in the first year, after another three years, he also attacked and killed the puppet Khan first and took off without spending to stand on his own, and called the Great Yuan Tiansheng Khan. It's a pity that the luck was not good at first, and he was killed by the Arazhiyuan the following year.
He is heroic, I am lucky. The death of the first also led to the collapse of the Oirat regime and the consequent end of the brief unification of Eastern and Western Mongolia, replaced by the re-emergence of the Northern Yuan royal family.
In 1470, Batu Munk was made the Great Khan, called Dayan Khan, quite brave, all the way to the south and the north, and soon reunified Mobei, Oirat had to retreat to the northwest corner, even so, from time to time by the Eastern Mongolian nobles military attack. In response to this passive situation, the divided four Oirats (Dzungaria), Dulbert, Turgot, and Heshute were reunited in the late 15th century to form an alliance of Oirat to counter the threat from Eastern Mongolia. Among them, the Dzungars are the head, but they do not belong to each other.
In the 16th century, Altan Khan, the Tumut tribe of Eastern Mongolia, expelled the Oirat forces from the south of the Hangai Mountains, and marched into Qinghai, expelling the Oirat forces there, forcing the Oirat to confine its center of activity to the north and south of the Tianshan Mountains.
In the first year of Wanli, the leader of the Yellow Sect, Suonam Gyatso, was invited to arrive at Altan Khan's residence in Qinghai. Altan Khan converted to the Yellow Sect, became the protector of the Dharma, and conferred the title of "Lama ******** all Wazir of the Holy Knowledge".
The name begins here. After that, Mongolia began to accept the Yellow Religion, which can be called a turning point in the history of Mongolian and Tibetan Buddhism. Subsequently, the Eastern Mongolian tribes successively converted their religion. At the behest of the **** III Suonam Gyatso, Altan Khan's grandson Yunden Gyatso became the **** IV.
A Mongol sat in Lhasa and became the head of the Yellow Sect, which inspired Mongolian Buddhists and made the Yellow Sect very profitable. Subsequently, the Yellow Religion quickly spread to all the tribes of Eastern and Western Mongolia.
In recent years, the Warat tribes were finally merged into the four major divisions of Dzungar, Dulbert, Heshut, and Turgot, as well as the Hut tribe attached to Dulbert. Its pastureland moves to the middle reaches of the Irtysh River, the Ob River and the Kazakh steppe in the northwest, the Ili River basin in the southwest, and Qinghai in the southeast.
At the beginning, the Dzungar tribe was nomadic in the middle and upper reaches of the Irtysh River to the area of the Khobok River and the Sari Mountains, and later centered on the Ili River Basin. The Dulbert tribe was nomadic along the Irtysh River. The Turghut tribe was originally nomadic in Tarbagatai and its north, and after migrating westward, the Huite tribe lived there.
The Heshute tribe is nomadic from both sides of the Emin River to the Urumqi area. The various parts live in pastoral habitat and do not belong to each other. There was also a loose deliberative body, Churkan, which meant that the various ministries held regular meetings of lords' representatives to coordinate the ministries against foreign enemies. About this time and space, when Zhu Cihong was born, the Dzungar Ministry replaced the Heshute Department and became the de facto leader of the alliance.
In 1628, that is, in the first year of Chongzhen, the chieftain of Turghut and Orlek led his troops, united with a part of Heshute and Dulbert, and migrated to the lower reaches of the Volga.
Seven years ago, Heshuot Gushi Khan and others also led their troops to move to the Qinghai area. At that time, the Dzungar, Dulbert, and Huite tribes, as well as some of the Heshute and Turghut tribes, still remained in the north and south of the Tianshan Mountains, and gradually formed a powerful political power with the Dzungar tribe as the core, uniting the Erut tribes and some other Mongolian Turkic tribes. Therefore, people of the time often referred to Errut as Dzungaria.
It is worth mentioning that the Dzungar Department is not a closed place. They still come and go to the Central Plains and have a lot of contact.
Therefore, Ni Yuanlu's mind is here.
"The minister's idea is to divide and disintegrate the Mongols, and pull one faction to fight another. Mobei is too far away to mention for the time being, what the minister wants to do is to divide Eastern and Western Mongolia and disintegrate the unity of the Mongolian tribes. For this reason, the minister asked to send an envoy to contact the Warat people in order to flank and involve the Eastern Mongols. And the minister, I would like to ask you to go out of Beijing to lead the troops and return to the Hetao! ”
"Western Regions...... Western regions...... The prosperity of the Han and Tang dynasties lies in the fact that the Western Regions are owned by China. Since the expulsion of Meng Yuan, it is still powerful to restore the homeland of the Han and Tang Dynasties, but it is to let me ...... I was unwilling. Zhu Cihong muttered a few words.
When Ni Yuanlu and Yang Wenyue heard this, they were naturally busy following the persuasion.
Zhu Cihong waved his hand and noticed his gaffe: "There is no need to persuade me, I have digressed." Ni Aiqing said it well. That's right, you have to eat the rice one bite at a time. First recovering the Hetao, and the land of northern Xinjiang, and recovering the land of eastern Liao, this is the firm pace of the Ming Dynasty's strength. Ni Aiqing is preparing these days, I will hold a cabinet meeting, set the tone, and prepare to start the setup. Zhu Cihong exhaled heavily.
When Ni Yuanlu heard this, he was immediately overjoyed, and said goodbye: "Minister, thank God." ”
Zhu Cihong laughed and helped Ni Yuanlu up: "I want to thank you, thank you imperial humerus ministers, for being willing to go to the battlefield for this empire and forget about death." ”
Yang Wenyue watched this scene silently from the side, and said in his heart: I am Daming, it is really like being reborn.
Who would have thought that three years ago, the world of the Ming Dynasty was still fragmented, with internal and external troubles.
Who would have thought that three years ago, everyone in the Ming Dynasty only hoped to be able to avoid the iron hooves of Jiannu, and no one even had the luxury of beheading hundreds of fire ropes at a time.
Who would have thought...... Who would have thought? I can think that this Ming Dynasty has finally embarked on the road of honor to restore my homeland! (To be continued.) )