After Xu Ping finished speaking, the Chongzheng Hall was silent for a while, and everyone was thinking. Pen, fun, pavilion www. biquge。 Except for the last one of the treasury bonds guaranteed by taxes, the others have actually been practiced, and it is still the way of shopping coupons for the three shops.

After thinking for a while, Cheng Lin asked, "What I just said, I have a few points that I don't know, please explain." Needless to say, there is no problem with trade-in. The second is to print money according to the method of shopping coupons, the concern is that the banknotes are sent out, and the private trade has been used, and the new goods come out, and then new banknotes, and the old banknotes are superimposed, will there be more money and cheaper? ”

Xu Ping nodded: "If the planning is not good, it will." At this point, I still can't decide whether to issue banknotes according to the goods that are more than last year, or to divide the boundaries like paper money. Whether it is a three-year boundary, or a five-year boundary, or a new and old miscellaneous use to slowly take back the old banknotes and abolish them, in short, there is a distribution and receipt, and it can always be managed. However, it is also a good way to issue banknotes according to the new goods. It is also an incentive for the three shops to make them bigger and bigger. ”

"Since you can't make up your mind, let's go hand in hand and try it for a few years. You don't have to be rigid about these things. ”

Li Di likes to focus on the big picture, and if he has doubts about what he is afraid of, he can try it together.

Cheng Lin said again: "Okay, let's try it together, and in the end, everyone will have a bottom in their hearts." There is also the last method of paying money according to taxes, which is not a big problem, but the three divisions have borrowed a year's tax in advance. The point is, how do you send out the money after it's printed? It's the same as before, but it's not going to work. ”

The method of issuing copper coins is to mint them and put them in the inner treasury, of course, the coinage supervisors in other places sometimes just pass the accounts. In the event of a national celebration or a special day, the emperor rewarded the forbidden army, and the money went to the officers and soldiers. Don't underestimate this way, hundreds of thousands or even millions of copper coins will go out unconsciously. In addition, when the three divisions are short of money, they borrow money from the inner treasury, enter the left treasury, and enter the hands of officials through the distribution of money, or provide disaster relief to the victims, or the three divisions buy materials from the society to the hands of merchants. It is obviously inappropriate to do this again for new currency, which is too slow to be issued and intolerably fast in circulation, which is incompatible with the commodity economy that Xu Ping wants to implement.

Cheng Lin is the third envoy in the end, and she can see what Xu Ping said more clearly than others, especially after reading "Rich Country and Security Policy", she slowly began to grasp the core of the problem. What is the biggest difference between what Xu Ping is doing now and before? In the past, the three divisions collected money and grain from the world and collected money, but what Xu Ping wanted to do was to make money and create more wealth.

Xu Ping turned to Cheng Lin and said, "Back to the bachelor, the method of dispersing the money, I think so." As mentioned earlier, it is necessary to make a bank in the style of a bank, and the money produced is scattered from the bank. Money is regulated and money, and unlike the previous copper coins, it is no longer a loss-making transaction. In the past, when coining money, not to mention fire consumption, not to mention that the private sales of money as a tool can get several times the profit, it is said that copper coins are transported around the world, and the court does not know how much to put in this freight. The cost of a flight ticket is 20 Wen, but the freight of copper coins in the world is far more than 20 Wen, which requires the three divisions to take money to enter. Later, when there were banks, the money of the money supervisor was distributed to them, and interest was charged, and this interest was used to support the distribution of money in the world. ”

"What the hell is this bank doing? How do you distribute money? ”

"I think so now, with the Zuozang Treasury of the Third Division as a bank, the money from the money supervision loan is newly made, and a suitable interest rate is set for them to repay the principal and interest. If the bank wants to make money, it has to lend out the money again, and of course the interest rate will be higher. Of course, for the bank, this money is actually just a small head, and the real big head is that they can collect money from the people, and there is interest when it is deposited to him. Part of the money received is put into the money supervisor as collateral, and most of it is still loaned, and the interest on the deposit is much lower than the interest on the loan, and the difference is the money earned by the bank. ”

Cheng Lin frowned: "It's still the method of Jingxi Road Money Village, no need to ask, what company can only be loaned to when it is loaned out, but not to private households?" It's just that unlike the bank, the person who saves the money also has interest to take. ”

"Exactly. In the past, many people were reluctant to let people save money into the bank, and they felt inconvenient. In the future, if there is interest, they can't be unwilling, right? With the capital, it is natural to earn interest. ”

There is a sentence that Xu Ping did not say, if the society is allowed to maintain a certain inflation, then the money of the people has to be deposited in the bank in order to reduce losses. With this method, it is much more civilized and hidden than forcing Qianzhuang to deposit money when he was on Jingxi Road.

Banks' profits should come from the interest rate difference between deposits and loans, and the idle funds in society should be invested in places needed for economic development, so as to achieve optimal allocation of funds. The larger the size of this unified market, the more pronounced this role becomes.

Xu Ping's idea is to have the new money regulator act as the central bank to issue currency, and then set up several commercial banks and policy banks to complete the task of allocating funds. Originally, the central bank was a part-time treasury, but now in fact the treasury is divided into two, one is the left treasury of the three divisions, and the other is the inner treasury of the imperial palace, so this cannot be done.

Cheng Lin shook his head slightly: "It's easy to collect money, but it's not easy to lend out." Those companies, Jingxi Road is not doing very well, and other places are even more difficult to open. As for lending to the people, of course, I can't even think about it. ”

Of course, Xu Ping never thought about letting banks operate private lending. The first is to impact the existing unpacking business of the rich and powerful, which is easy to cause a backlash, and then one is too risky, and if the other is not good, he will fall into the whirlpool.

Historically, Wang Anshi's reform was to use green seedlings to lend money to the private sector, which was one of the most controversial policies in the new law. Forcing many people to the opposite side of the new law is indispensable to the contribution of the Seedlings Law. Private lending, the risk of not being able to recover the arrears is extremely high, and the cost of collecting money is too high, and the interest rate is low, and there is no profit, and it may lose money.

After the loan expires, of course, there will be a majority of people who honestly go to the bank to repay the loan, but there will always be a part that can be delayed. Collect money from these people, even if he returns the money as soon as you come to the door, the silver will pay the errand runner's carriage and horse fare. Not to mention the travel expenses of people who have to run countless times, wear out their mouths, and the interest is not enough to collect money. As for those who fail to repay their debts, they are even more invested in it. Such people naturally push up the cost of loans a lot.

It is not impossible to reduce the risk and reduce the cost of loans, and the easiest way is to be violent.

Transferring the cost to the state power, having the state violent organs assist in collecting the money, and if they do not pay it back when the time is due, they will be directly arrested and imprisoned, this is the old way of Wang Anshi's reform. The use of violence by violent agencies is not easy to control, and they will not serve the banks honestly, and it is likely that they will spend more money than the banks, but they will only be forcibly passed on to the debtors, and individuals will never be able to confront the state, right? The resulting social contradictions have become a weapon for those who oppose the reform.

Either the cost will be borne by the non-governmental violent organs, and the same will be passed on to the debtors, and violent debt collection is not a new thing from ancient times to the present. It's just that Xu Ping, who is implementing reforms, dare not bear the consequences, and he can't afford it.

The company is quite a legal person in Xu Ping's previous life, and it is actually helpless to lend money to the legal person.