The gap between China and the Ottomans is a difference in culture, ideology, belief, social structure, social system, and social consciousness. Pen, fun, and www.biquge.info

The Ottoman rotten political system and dull social 'customs' were like strong iron cables, woven into a solid cage, and people could not get the slightest bit of freedom. This reminded Pang Zhenkun of the former Qing Dynasty fifty years ago.

At that time, the Manchu Qing Dynasty was still in the period of 'Qianlong Prosperity', and Pang Zhenkun at that time naturally did not feel that there was anything abnormal in the 'world'. Although the officials in the world were corrupt at that time, the rule of officials was turbid, the Eight Banners were noble, and the power of the rural clan was firm and unshakable, everything was so logical. Everything in the whole society, everything exists, in Pang Zhenkun's eyes at that time, was a matter of course.

But looking back now, looking back at the past years, Pang Zhenkun will have a dull sense of depression in his heart. It was a breath that was pressed from all corners of the whole society, making him feel suffocated and unable to breathe a breath of freshness.

This is, of course, because Pang Zhenkun's thinking has changed.

The current Pang Zhenkun, the way he sees the problem and the thoughts in his head are very different from Pang Zhenkun back then. He was already a 'Han Chinese', not a 'Qing man'. Take the current point of view to compare with the Qianlong Dynasty back then, doesn't that make people feel stuffy in their chests and can't breathe?

The Ottoman society, the rules and regulations here, all made Pang Zhenkun experience this feeling again. Of course, this is because Pang Zhenkun is really thinking about the future for the Ottomans, not like the French.

Selim III must not have known that Napoleon had officially divorced his wife, Josephine Beauharne, by the time Napoleon sent an envoy to Ottoman. Because they had been married for more than ten years, Josephine Beauharne never left Napoleon with a son and a half daughter, which was not Napoleon's fault. Napoleon had two illegitimate children, and apparently there was nothing wrong with his health.

In 1804, Napoleon met a newspaper reader in the palace of his sister Carolina, a girl named Illiano, who was only eighteen years old, tall and slender, with beautiful black eyes, Napoleon was fascinated by her graceful demeanor, and Illiano soon became the emperor's mistress. Soon, she became pregnant and gave birth to a beautiful boy. Napoleon was very happy, it was his first child, but Illiano thought that she could improve her status by giving birth to a son for the emperor, and she came to the palace to meet the emperor without Napoleon's permission, which made Napoleon furious, and since then she has lost Napoleon's favor, and the child has been transferred to others to raise.

In Warsaw, Poland, in 1807, Napoleon met another woman who moved him in love. Although the latter already has a husband. But Napoleon 'pursued' her anyway. The woman, Marie Rassinska, often had trysts with Napoleon and traveled with him to leave her elderly husband in Warsaw. Just before the Fifth War of the French Alliance, Marie Rashinska became pregnant with Napoleon's child.

Napoleon sent her back to Paris, bought her a beautiful mansion, and then gave birth to a son when the Austrians surrendered. This pleased Napoleon greatly, and the omen was very auspicious.

But although the mistress gave birth to two sons for Napoleon, neither of them was justified. According to European tradition, illegitimate children have no right of inheritance, and his powerful empire must have an heir, and the absence of children has always troubled him. He had wanted to pass on his brother Louis's son to himself, but soon the news of the death of the little prince soon came, and Napoleon was greatly saddened. Maybe at that time he had the idea of divorce.

Istanbul had absolutely no idea that at the same time that Napoleon sent an envoy to the Ottomans, he also sent an envoy to Russia. Napoleon's first target was Princess Catherine of Russia.

This is the hand of a politician.

Although Napoleon wanted to conquer Russia, he obviously did not have the confidence and did not intend to completely eradicate the Romanov dynasty, he just wanted Russia to submit and at the same time weaken Russia. Napoleon's ultimate enemy is China, and a liar who has a deep hatred for the Chinese will obviously be his strong arm.

Therefore, he looked forward to the further development of Franco-Russian relations. The two sides became relatives, and this was also to better confuse Russia.

At the same time, this is also a good reflection of Napoleon's intention to communicate with the Ottomans in another way, which is indeed against Austria, not Russia. Although it was all an illusion, Napoleon played beautifully.

It is a pity that Napoleon met an extraordinary tsar - Alexander I. It was a monarch who had developed a super brother-sister friendship with his sister.

Princess Catherine is Alexander's eldest sister, the two are the same age, they grew up together, and the years spent together day and night have made the two have feelings beyond brother and sister. At the time when Alexander's marriage was in name only, the relationship between the brother and sister reached its peak. They often sit alone and talk all night long, sometimes with too intimate movements. They all lived in the palace, but they had to communicate every day. If Alexander I went on tour or visited abroad, the brother and sister exchanged letters more frequently. In his letter to his sister, Alexander wrote: "Knowing that you love me is the source of my happiness, because you are one of the most perfect stunners in the world", "I love you like a madman!" …… I am crazy with joy to see you, and I am like a man of enchantment, running around, wishing I could relax sweetly in your arms." Those two are really crazy!

Napoleon, who was powerful in Europe, suddenly proposed to Princess Catherine, much to Alexander's displeasure. He could not bear to marry his beloved sister to a French "cannibal monster", yes, Alexander I described Napoleon as such.

However, Franco-Russian relations, which were already quite sensitive, undoubtedly took a big step towards a rupture because of this incident.

At this time, Austria's new Foreign Minister Metternich stepped forward.

The Treaty of Vienna put a heavy burden on Austria, with 150,000,000 francs in war reparations, a large part of the territory ceded and a population of 3.5 million, and Austria's national power was greatly weakened.

As a skilled diplomat, in order to protect Austria's interests, Metternich's first initiative after taking office was to personally facilitate the marriage of Austrian Princess Maria Louis and Napoleon, thus easing the tension between France and Austria.

France and Russia had formed an alliance to combat the expansion of British power, but the Tsarist government was extremely dissatisfied with France's policy of "blockading the continent", because it seriously affected the trade between Russia and Britain, and Russia could not dump agricultural products into Britain. In order to break the French policy of "blockading the continent", Russia unilaterally announced the resumption of trade with Britain in defiance of its alliance agreement with France, and relations between France and Russia had begun to become strained, and Alexander I also emotionally refused to marry Napoleon, who had always been resentful of it.

Metternich was keenly aware of the subtle changes in Franco-Russian relations, and he tried to weaken France's hostility to Austria and reduce its threat to Austria. On the one hand, he verbally declared his "active support" for France, but on the other hand secretly assured Russia that he would give France as little support as possible, in order to avoid as much damage as possible to Russia. The advent of Metternich had changed the diplomatic landscape in Europe, but the Ottomans knew nothing about it.

Pang Zhenkun also received an urgent report from the European Office three days after the dinner that day. Because he knew Napoleon's 'true feelings' for Russia, Pang Zhenkun also applauded Napoleon's methods after receiving the urgent report from the European Office. It's really confusing!

But the more this is the case, the more Pang Zhenkun believes that Osman can't wake up. And since it can't wake up, then the country is also very worried.

It's not that Pang Zhenkun underestimated Osman. It's really Emperor Chen's idea that is too shady.

The real time when Chen Han and the Ottoman war against Russia was not at all when Napoleon attacked Russia, when Napoleon's army began to wage war against Russia, the Chinese and Ottoman armies would only continue to devour the land abandoned after the Russian army was empty. For example, the Black Sea, for example, the Volga basin.

And after Napoleon's defeat because of the cold winter, that was the beginning of the war between China and the Ottomans against Russia.

Of course, all this calculation is based on the premise that Napoleon will start a war against Russia, and Napoleon will be defeated because of the cold winter in Russia.

Pang Zhenkun felt that such a war should not be very difficult, and for the current Ottomans, it could be completely supported. However, as Chen Han's former first assistant minister, Pang Zhenkun heard a word from Chen Ming's mouth 30 years ago - industrial revolution.

What is the Industrial Revolution?

That is to say, it refers to the qualitative process of capitalist industrialization, that is, the stage in which capitalist production completes the transition from factory handicraft industry to machine industry. The Industrial Revolution is a production and technological revolution in which machines replace manpower and large-scale factory production replaces manual production in individual workshops.

This kind of change first appeared in Britain in Europe, and the British had already had such signs before Chen Ming raised his army. The advent of the steam engine gave this revolution a pair of wings. Fortunately, because of Chen Ming's insistence, China paid attention to steam power earlier than the British.

Although it was a decade or two later than the British, and it was much more difficult for China to implement steam power than in Britain, it was not only not inferior to Britain in terms of 'steaming', but even better. Specifically reflected in the growth of national strength, the national strength of such a huge body is far superior to that of the British.

Don't look at the annual revenue of the British, which can catch up with half of China's, but the British were in wartime, and they collected wartime surcharges, and these taxes had to be reduced in the post-war and peacetime years. And China, that is the normal fiscal revenue in peacetime.

Pang Zhenkun has been a minister of Chen Han for so many years, and he has served as the first assistant minister for ten years, and he is very aware of the effect of steaming on productivity and economy. Chen Han was certainly not afraid of Europe, but what about the Ottoman Empire?

The current Ottoman Empire is not even as good as Austria's industrial system, and European countries are easily exposed to steaming, as long as countries see the effect of the steam engine, France, Austria, Prussia and other countries, they will quickly introduce it into their own countries. It is foreseeable that in 20 or 30 years, the national strength of the European powers will surely increase by a large margin, and the Ottomans are as they are now, so what can they do to continue to maintain the growth rate of their national strength?

If you can't catch up with the trend, you will be left behind, and the final result will inevitably be beaten. If you fall behind, you will be beaten!

Ottoman troubles are to come.