This hierarchical ownership of land is not strongly guaranteed because there is no strict hierarchical relationship (master-slave relationship) between the donor and the recipient, based on private armed organizations. Pen | fun | pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 The relationship between the donor and the recipient is only that stipulated in the contract of mailing, and this provision is mainly to ensure the power position of the donor (the development lord) in the manor. In fact, most of the lords at all levels, such as the "main family" and the "collar family", were nominal lords, and the development lords who served as village officials were the actual owners of the estates. They not only hold the economic, administrative, and judicial powers of the estate, but are also the organizers of the manor's armed forces. Whether the lord of the manor can successfully mobilize the force of the manor depends entirely on the attitude of the village official.

During this period, the peasants of the manor had become the exclusive farmers of the manor, that is, the "villagers". The shonmin produced grain, agricultural products, forest products, and cottage industry products, which were supplied to the lords of the manors living in Nara and Kyoto, in addition to the sau's own needs. This shows that the manor economy is a subsistence economy in which agriculture and cottage industry are closely integrated, and that the manor as a whole is an economic whole with little contact with the outside world.

Today, the manor lord system is established. The feudal manor accounts for half of the country's land, and the remaining half of the land has gradually become a feudal territory due to the establishment of the "Zhixing State" system. "Zhixing" means direct control over land property. "Zhixingguo" or "Domain" refers to the country (place) where a specific individual (the imperial family, courtiers, and later also the "pillars of the samurai") has the right to know and exercise, which is actually a land collection, and these Zhixing countries have further become hereditary domains of imperial relatives, magnates, and samurai.

And speaking of which, the point comes out: because the country of Zhixing has gradually become too big to fall, the hereditary territory of the imperial family, the magnates and the samurai family continues to erode the foundation of the country, and now the Japanese imperial court sees that it will fall into the political circle of the daimyo who controlled the financial power before the reform of Emperor Kanmu, so he felt that he was also a young and powerful Toba, so he wanted to carry out another reform, but who knew that it collapsed before it started, and his father Shirakawa asked him to step down for his own good, and finally saved his life.

As mentioned earlier, Emperor Kanmu was able to carry out political reforms by supporting his daimyo Fujiwara clan, and after the gradual success of the later reforms, the power of the Fujiwara family, which regarded itself as the hero of the reform, naturally became more and more prominent, especially the northern family of the four of the four families has been soaring, until the second half of the 9th century, it has reached the point of establishing a regency politics and monopolizing the government.

As the largest nobleman of the family, the Fujiwara clan has always been generously rewarded by the emperor's government, and in the name of receiving "job fields", "position fields", "job titles", "position titles", and temporary rewards, they have obtained a large amount of land, labor, and wealth, far more than others. This was the economic basis for the Fujiwara clan's political fortune, but it was able to seize the supreme power mainly by constantly playing power tricks against the Fujiwara clan and marrying the imperial family to obtain the status of a foreign relative.

At the beginning of the 9th century, Fujiwara Fuyuji (775 AD – 826 AD) was appointed head of Tibet, and immediately after being appointed head of Tibet, he sent his daughter to the palace as Emperor Ninmei Toru Toru because of his daughter, Emperor Fumitoku (reigned 850 AD - 857 AD), who became the emperor's maternal grandfather. Fujiwara Ryobo (804-872 AD), the son of Fuyuji, concocted the same method and sent his daughter to the palace, thus becoming the maternal grandfather of Emperor Seiwa (reigned 858-875 AD), and then overwhelmed his political opponents by creating a series of political events such as the "Seiwa Change" and the "Yingtianmen Change". As a result, in 857 A.D., he made an exception as the maternal uncle of Emperor Buntoku and became the first minister of the non-imperial family, and then in the following year, he became the "chief regent" of the young grandson Kiyowa, as the minister of Taisei, and then officially received the title of "regent" in the 8th year of Sadakan (866 A.D.), and began a veritable regent. After the good house, his adopted son Fujiwara Kitsune (836-891 AD) became the regent, and in 887 AD he was given full authority by the newly enthroned Emperor Uta to take charge of the country's affairs. The edict said: "Its thousands of machines are so detailed, and they have commanded hundreds of officials, all of which are first closed to the White Imperial Minister, and then played." ”

The word "guanbai" is taken from the Chinese historical masterpiece "Book of Han", which means "retribution", and soon became the name of an official position in Japan, equivalent to the prime minister (prime minister). In this way, the Fujiwara clan created a special form of government in Japanese history, namely the "Sekihaku Politics" in the history of Japan, in which the emperor acted as a "regent" when he was a foreign relative, and the emperor became a "Sekihaku" when he became an adult.

The rule of the bureaucratic aristocracy, represented by the Fujiwara clan, has completely lost its progressive nature, is politically corrupt, and its life is degenerate. They pursued magnificent palaces, shrines, Buddhist temples used as villas, grand festivals, feasts, and literature and music to decorate the status of nobles. For those who are able to pay for the project, they will be sold to the State Department and the corresponding official positions below according to the amount of money they contribute. The position of national secretary has the most opportunity to make a fortune through corruption, and many bureaucrats and aristocrats have bribed the Fujiwara clan to get the post of national secretary, and in Kyoto, they sent Dainomiya to take up the post, which is called "remote appointment". The state department did not care about production, and allowed the acting officials to loot the people in the state government, so it was nicknamed "receiving". At that time, it was popular to say that "if you fall under the collar, you have to grab the soil", which vividly illustrates the greed of the national division.

And the price of not losing the tail is to face the gradually expanding ambitions of these daimyos!

Around the 30s of the 10th century, two major rebellions occurred in Japan at about the same time - the "Heishomon Rebellion" and the "Fujiwara Juntomo Rebellion". The former occurred in the 5th year of Chengping (935 AD), and the latter occurred in the 2nd year of Tianqing (939 AD), so the history is called "the rebellion of Chengping and Tianqing". Pingjiangmen (940 AD) belonged to the Huan Wuping clan and settled in the general area, and in 935 AD there was an internal strife between the same clan, and the imperial court intervened. To this end, he gathered the Kwantung samurai who rebelled against the national government to drive out the local officials of the northeastern part of the Kanto, and in 939 AD declared the independence of the eight kingdoms of Kanto, built a palace on Shimoso Sarushima, and proclaimed himself the new emperor.

The panicked imperial court sent an army to conquer in 940 AD, but when the campaign arrived, the rebellion had been quelled by Fujiwara Hidego, the head of the Taira clan, and Shimono Oshiro, both local samurai. Fujiwara Juntomo (941 AD) was a "rafter" (third-class official) of the Iyu Province (present-day Shikoku Aiin Prefecture), and in the 5th year of Seihei (935 AD), he led more than 1,000 ships to launch a rebellion, attacking the capitals of Awaji and Sanki, and entering Kyushu Dazaifu. In 941 A.D., it was quelled by the source of the king. The "Chengping and Tianqing Rebellion" shows that the imperial court is no longer able to suppress the rebellion, and must rely on the power of local samurai. From this time on, the strength of the local samurai began to be recognized by the central government.

After that, there was the "Heitashitsune Rebellion" (1028-1031 AD), which began in Boso and quickly spread to the Joso and Musashi regions. After the incompetence of the generals sent by the imperial court, Minamoto Yoshinobu of the Seiwa Gen clan was reassigned and the problem was quickly resolved.