From the 8th century BC to the 6th century BC, it is known as the era of Roman kingship. There were seven kings in succession www.biquge.info and the clan tribal organization still existed intact, and the ruling class included the king, the senate, and the assembly of Curia. The so-called Curia is the Roman name for the clan, which is roughly similar to the "surname clan" in China, consisting of a Curia clan for every ten clans. Later, the Kuria Conference was replaced by the 100-Men Conference. And after that, there was a distinction between nobles and commoners.

Of the seven kings of the royal era, the first king, Romulus, founded the city of Rome in 753 BC. The first 4 kings were the military chieftains of the Roman communes, and the last 3 were the monarchs of the Etruscan Tarquin dynasty. The reforms carried out by Servius Tullius in the middle of the 6th century BC marked the birth of the Roman state.

The tyrannical Tarquin, the last proud king of the royal era, was driven out by the angry Romans, and legend has it that in 509 BC he established the Roman Republic on the basis of a city-state, ruled by Roman nobles.

In the early years of the republican era, the struggle between the commoners and the nobility lasted for 2 centuries. The Council of the Hundred elected two consuls from among the nobility to exercise supreme executive power for a period of 1 year; And it is the Senate that holds the real power of the state. As the antagonism between the nobility and the commoners deepened, the nobility recognized the "tribunes" chosen by the commoners, who were responsible for protecting the power of the commoners from the nobles. In 451 BC, the Law of the Twelve Tables was promulgated, abolishing the restriction that commoners and nobles could not intermarry, which also marked the birth of Roman law. In 326 BC, debt slavery was abolished.

Rome was a small country when it was founded. Since the beginning of the 5th century BC, it has conquered some cities in the Latin Confederation and close neighbors such as the Etruscans, and conquered the indigenous and Greek city-states in the southern part of the Italian peninsula, becoming a great power in the western Mediterranean. Rome waged three more Punic Wars, conquering Carthage in 146 BC and making it a Roman province. From 215 BC to 168 BC, he waged 3 Macedonian wars, conquered Macedonia and controlled all of Greece. Through the war from Rome to Syria and diplomatic means, it controlled parts of West Asia and built a great power across Africa, Europe, and Asia to dominate the Mediterranean.

During this period, Rome's economy developed rapidly, but it also intensified social contradictions. From the 30s of the 2nd century BC to the 30s of the 1st century BC, known as the era of the Roman Civil War, the Sicilian slave revolt and the Spartacus revolt broke out successively, forming a struggle between bankrupt peasants and large landowners, between the powerless and those in power, and between the knights and senators.

The Gracchus Brothers reforms took place between 133 BC and 123 BC. In 107 BC, with the support of the democrats, Marius was elected consul and began to implement military reforms. He introduced a system of conscription, which caused a large number of landless or landless citizens to pour into the army. In 90 B.C., in order to fight for Roman citizenship, the Italians revolted, known as the War of the Leagues.

In 82 BC, Sulla, supported by the aristocracy, led an army to occupy Rome. The following year, the citizens' assembly was forced to elect him dictator for life, setting a precedent for a military dictatorship in Roman history. In 60 BC, Crassus, Caesar, and Pompey secretly formed an alliance to jointly control the political situation in Rome, which is known as the first three heads of politics. In 48 BC, Julius Julius Caesar defeated two others and was declared dictator for life, combining military and political power. He was a reformer, but his dictatorship attracted the hatred of his political opponents, and he was assassinated by aristocratic conspirators on March 15, 44 BC.

After Caesar's death, the Roman Civil War resumed. In 43 BC, Antony, Lepida, and Octavian openly formed an alliance and obtained the legal power to rule the country for five years, which is known as the latter triumvirate. Octavian then defeated the other two, and in 27 BC the Senate granted Octavian the honorific title of "Augustus", establishing the Führer government. The Roman Republic was proclaimed, and Rome entered the Roman Empire.

The political system created by Augustus, known as the Führer in history, is actually an imperial system in the name of the republic. During his reign, he carried out a series of positive reforms that promoted economic and social development. It also expanded to the north of the Roman Empire to the Rhine and Danube.

After Augustus' death, his adopted son Tiberius succeeded him, thus initiating the system of succession. The period from 27 BC to 192 is known as the Pre-Imperial Period and includes 3 dynasties: Claudius, Flavian and Antony. This period was a period of relative social stability, known as the Roman Peace Period. During the reign of the Antonine Emperor Trajan (98-117), the empire reached its maximum: from Spain and Britain in the west, to the upper reaches of the Euphrates River in the east, from northern Africa in the south, to the Rhine and Danube rivers in the north, and the Mediterranean Sea became the inland sea of the empire. The economy is booming like never before. Christianity arose in the middle of the first century A.D. and spread rapidly in the second and third centuries A.D.

After the assassination of Commodus, the last emperor of the Antonine dynasty, in 192, Rome experienced a period of chaos for nearly a century. Historians refer to the period from the establishment of the Severus dynasty in 193 to 235 as the period of the Late Empire. The social, economic, and military crisis that began in the late Antonine dynasty reached an unprecedented scale in the third century AD, leading some historians to mark a period of crisis in the third century (193-284). During this period, wars were frequent, emperors were frequent, slave and peasant uprisings were widespread, and the Bagauda movement that began in Gaul in the sixties of the third century posed a great threat to the rule of the ruling class.

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Lu Ren's current point in time is the twenty-sixth year of Jian'an, that is, in 221 AD...... Of course, there was no twenty-six years of Jian'an in the original history, but there is also a saying that after Cao Pi became the Han Dynasty, Liu Bei's Shu Han also continued to use the era name of Jian'an for one year, but this is meaningless.

Of course, what we want to talk about here is not the era name, but to explain that Lu Ren's current time is the post-imperial period from 193 to 235 AD on the Roman side. At this time, the Roman Empire should be said to be falling apart, and the overall pattern is quite like a group of heroes competing in the early years of China. However, due to the relationship between the Mediterranean, some of the provinces of the Roman Empire could not fight, but in a sense, it also made the situation of the Roman Empire more serious.

Look at Lu Ren again. After the end of the Battle of Chibi, probably around the sixteenth year of Jian'an, the voyage fleet sent by Lu Ren arrived at the junction of Asia and Africa, roughly on the west side of the Red Sea, and did not enter the Red Sea region, and then traded with the provinces of eastern Rome there.

At that time, Lu Ren had a strict order that it was enough for the expeditionary fleet to reach the south side of the Red Sea, and not to go any further. Because around 210 A.D. during the Battle of Chibi in China, it was the period when the Roman Empire and the rest (Parthian Persia) broke out again, and the fleet ran to the Red Sea area and would be swept into it if it was not noticed, so it hurried back after completing the transaction and corresponding intelligence investigation work in the marginal area.

In general, Lu Ren was limited by many factors at the time, and his contact with the Roman Empire was quite limited. After the first contact, there will be a fleet of voyages to the Red Sea at most two or three times a year to trade, and the volume of goods traded back and forth is not large.

After all, Chinese porcelain, silk, tea and other goods have always been valuable goods in Rome, and Rome's overland trade routes have been cut off because of the deterioration of the relationship with Anxi, and they have long been "out of food" for many years...... Of course, with the current situation in China at that time, there was really nothing to produce and sell.

In this way, although the trade route between Lu Ren and Rome was not really opened, there were some connections. The merchants of the eastern provinces of Rome would not wait for the merchant ships of Yizhou to come two or three times a year after tasting some sweetness, and they would actively find ways to run to Lu Ren's land in order to make money, not to mention that Lu Ren deliberately left a route map for them. Therefore, in the eighteenth year of Jian'an, a merchant fleet from the eastern provinces of Rome arrived in Malacca, and the merchant fleet further arrived in Yizhou for trade.

However, in general, the number of caravans that can reach Yizhou on the Roman side every year is very small, probably four or five small fleets a year. And in terms of stowage, the three fleets of the Roman side are not necessarily comparable to the one of the fleets here of Lu Ren...... This is a gap in nautical technology, there is nothing to say.

Okay, that's all for now. It is said that the arrival of a fleet of ships on the Roman side in Yizhou is not uncommon for Lu Ren, but Rome is basically not affected by Lu Ren, which means that Rome launched a war against Anxi around 216 AD, that is, five years ago.

And this battle, whether it is the original history or the current process, the Roman Empire has failed, but there is a great change in the aspect of rest, that is, the appearance of Wan'er and the support for Cassille, so that Cassily successfully suppressed the rebellion of the princes after that, and then after a series of reforms, the royal family of Rest has a momentum of revival.

(PS, the king who rested at this time in history was Artabanus IV, and the bottle was fictionalized here to meet the needs of the plot...... Well, well, it's a scrambled, it's a rewriting of Artabanus IV as the regent Kass Eli. However, it was only a fiction of the characters, and the national situation of rest at that time was not too outrageous. Historically, Artabanus IV was killed in a rebellion of the Sassanid family in 220, and the arrangement of the bottle was to bring the rebellion forward by a few years, and then Wan'er and Kasili's came to the pot, and the rest did not enter the Sassanid era. ）

The defeat of Rome was a huge cost, and the rest of Armenia was taken into the palm of the hand, which was a great shame for the Roman Empire.

On the other hand, the loss of Armenia meant for Rome the complete severance of maritime trade with the East from the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf. It is difficult to say how much of an impact this would have had on the Roman Empire as a whole, but it was a big problem for the secessionist powers of the eastern and southeastern Roman provinces alone. Because over the years, they have made considerable profits.

These things are all information on the surface, and they can be easily investigated, so Lu Ren knows more about these things. For Lu Ren, the benefits he can get from Rome at this time are not high, to put it bluntly, of course it is good to have it, and it doesn't matter much if he doesn't have it, so Lu Ren didn't pay much attention to it at first.

In the past two years, although the Roman fleet has still come sporadically, the frequency and scale are much smaller, and Lu Ren has also reduced the amount of trade with Rome for the sake of safety. After all, the pattern over there is not peaceful, do you send a fleet over to rob the people over there?

Therefore, when Lu Ren heard from his entourage that the ship coming was a Roman ship, and the ship was different, the things loaded on the ship were very rare, and the people who came seemed unusual, Lu Ren's first reaction was that this should be the Roman side, at least the people sent by the provinces in the eastern part of Rome to give gifts and lobby, the purpose was nothing more than to think that Lu Ren could increase the trade volume here. But if you think about it further, if the things on the ship are really gifts from the Romans, does that mean that the Romans want to make some moves?

It was with this idea in mind that Lu Ren asked his entourage to go to the dock again, bring the leader of the Roman ship here, and at the same time asked Shirley and Xun Yu to invite him. And Zhou Yu saw Lu Ren's movements, and left first, after all, he was an outsider.

Without further ado, it didn't take long for Shirley and Xun Yu to arrive one after another, and the leader of the Roman fleet was also brought to Lu Ren.

This leader is about thirty-four or five years old, his name is Eurosky (too lazy to think about the name, anyway, it's just a trick), and he has the typical appearance characteristics of the European race, such as being 1.88 meters tall to say the least, blonde hair and blue eyes, and a big beard. In terms of clothing, it is a typical Roman caftan and if you look at its temperament, it belongs to the aristocratic family of Rome.

The two sides greeted each other in their own way, and Shirley acted as an interpreter. Lu Ren, as the host, opened his mouth first, pointed to the food on the table and said with a smile: "I heard that the guests arrived in the middle of my supper, so I didn't think too much about it, so I didn't mind it, I will eat and drink first." Once I've settled down, I'll have a formal banquet. ”

Euroski didn't mind that. In fact, according to the Roman aristocratic banquet method, it was common to eat and play at the same time from noon until late at night, and the meal was incomplete. Besides, he has worked hard all the way to the sea for so long, and the food is not much better, and now when he sees these mouth-watering meals at a glance, he is already very cultivated if he doesn't sit down and eat Haisai right away.

After eating something, drinking a few glasses of wine, and chatting about some things that didn't matter, Eurosky finally had a little bit of fun, and then said tentatively to Lu Ren: "Venerable Lu, in fact, I came to Yizhou this time, and I have a very important mission. ”

Lu Ren just smiled when he heard this, and did not respond immediately, but turned his head to look at Xun Yu who was sitting on the side. Xun Yu narrowed his eyes at this time, and nodded to Lu Ren imperceptibly......