Wang Gongchen shook his head again and again: "What Taber said makes sense, but the price of silk silk in Curry has fallen this year, and I think it is not just related to business." Pen ~ fun ~ Pavilion www.biquge.info think about it, there is always something else in it. ”

Xu Ping said: "Other meanings, it is nothing more than that the silk silk can be used as copper coins in the past, and this year, a large number of cotton cloths are on the market, and the use of silk silk as money has been greatly discounted." This is another question, why use money when buying and selling transactions? Is it better to use money? Or is it better to barter directly without money? ”

"With money, how can you do without money? I have planted cotton in the field, and there are all kinds of things to be exchanged, such as food, clothing, housing, and transportation. It's clear that business money is the best. It's just that copper production in the world has always been limited, and copper coins are not enough, so they have to use something else. ”

After Wang Gongchen finished speaking, Li Ji added: "It's not just that the copper coins are not enough, but also because the copper coins are too heavy and not conducive to carrying." ”

Xu Ping said with a smile: "In this way, you can learn from others' strengths, be inclusive, and explain things clearly." What Li Jing said just now makes sense, copper coins are too heavy and inconvenient to carry, so they should use light goods such as gold, silver, cloth and silk. But isn't it better to use only gold and silver instead of copper coins? Let's not talk about whether the gold and silver are enough, but it should be good enough for the world's products. ”

Wang Gongchen thought about it, if all the gold and silver were used, there would not be a situation this year that the flying tickets of Henan Mansion could not be redeemed, and he sold cotton but could not receive the money. was about to nod in agreement, but Li Jing opened his mouth first.

"According to the opinion of the lower officials, it is not a good thing to use only gold and silver. The price of gold and silver is high, and it is good to trade long-distance traffic, but the daily transaction of the people is often the purchase and sale of a few copper coins, how to use gold and silver? It's still a lot of inconvenience. ”

"Yes, that's true. From the point of view of the camp and the field, it is a large transaction with the outside, and it is naturally much more convenient to use gold and silver. But for ordinary people, it is inconvenient to use daily firewood, rice, oil, salt, needles and threads, and gold and silver. Therefore, copper coins have the use of copper coins, and gold and silver have the use of gold and silver. When buying and selling goods, you must use money to trade, so that business can prosper without hindrance. And then with money, with what money? Gold and silver have the disadvantages of gold and silver, and copper coins have the disadvantages of copper coins, is there any way to avoid the shortcomings of these two kinds and facilitate market transactions? ”

Wang Gongchen thought for a while, and suddenly said: "What Du Cao said, could it be the shopping coupon issued by the third shop?" It was printed on paper, and it was much more convenient to carry than light goods such as gold and silver cloth. And precisely because it is printed on paper, there is no need to worry about not having enough. ”

Xu Ping smiled and nodded: "Money printed on paper does have these benefits, but there are also two difficulties. The first is that the government can print it, but can others print it? How to prevent thieves from making private seals. Don't say it's paper-printed money, it's copper money, and in those remote state armies, there are people who steal and mint it. However, the privately minted copper coins are not of sufficient fineness, so it is easier to distinguish. Another is how to convince the world that a piece of paper printed with numbers can be used for so much money, which is even more difficult. ”

"There's always a way, didn't Du Cao try to make paper from colored cotton? As long as this kind of paper-making color cotton is used in the future, it will only be specially made by the camp to print money paper. As for winning the trust of the people, the government will not win the trust of the people if they accept it! ”

"Jun Zhen's words make sense, the key is that as long as the government accepts the people, they will recognize it. However, how can you convince the princes in the court to let the government accept it? - Okay, we'll talk about that later, but let's talk about business. I would like to mention two points, as an introduction, throwing bricks and stones, you should think about it more. The first point is that in the past, it was all about men and women weaving, self-cultivation and self-food, self-weaving and self-clothing, and in such days, there was no need to trade with others. The imperial court collects taxes, and if you don't collect money, you only collect silk silk, levy and levy labor, and those who farm the land can complete it, and you don't need to buy it from others. In this case, the merchant was actually dispensable, and the goods he trafficked were not necessary for the farmers, and the merchant was naturally not necessary for the imperial court. However, today, if one husband ploughs, there is more than enough food for the whole family. A woman weaves, and there is more than enough clothes for the whole family. If in ancient times, the surplus grain was used as a tax, and naturally there would be no need for merchants. But now it is different, the tax is fixed, but the grain will increase, and if it is not sold, it will be useless. This is what we have just said, and if the goods do not reach the right people, they are useless. ”

Li Ji whispered: "Ducao, in today's world, farmers are not allowed to rest for a year, and the whole family may not be able to eat enough. ”

Xu Ping waved his hand: "That's another problem, there are not enough people who farm the land, and those who have more land can't plant it." If the cultivator has his own field, that's what I just said. Let's count it according to the farmer's own land, and we can't tell if everything is entangled together. ”

Now it is a question of the production of wealth, not of distribution. Li Jing studied science intensively, and the world of the great duke taught by the sages had a special attraction to Confucian scholars, and many scholars in this era gave full play to their imagination on the average land. Historically, Li Ji had the "Book of Flat Land", which advocated Juntian, and later Zhang Zai advocated the restoration of the Jingtian system and conducted experiments in his hometown. The root of everything they do revolves around the ownership of their land by the cultivators, which seems to be feasible, but in fact this economic base, if implemented, can only make society fall back to the old ways. The root of the cultivator's ownership of his land is the natural economy, not what Xu Ping pursues. As long as everyone is rich, what does it matter if the tiller has a field or not? The most fearful thing is that it is said that there is no need for the cultivator to have his land, and it is impossible for everyone to have food and clothing without worry, and the majority has become the slave of the few, which is the responsibility of the ruler, which is another matter.

"Actually, if you don't talk about farmers who farm the land, you can say it more clearly with farm work. They can't use up the grain produced in the camp anyway, right? If the inexhaustible grain is stored in the storehouse, and finally decays, it is equivalent to nothing. If all these grains go into the treasury, in fact it will still be the same problem, rotten or rotten, but in a different place. The most important thing is that these grains and silks should be exchanged for the hands of the people who use them, and this is the purpose of the merchants. The goods produced are delivered to the place where they are needed through such a link. In this sense, business is not useless, it can create wealth. ”

The reason why the commodity economy is centered on commercial behavior is that commodities have value only when they are exchanged, and items that only have use value are not commodities. Once this is clarified, the necessity of business conduct is clear. Xu Ping just roughly proposed a direction for thinking, and the specific improvement still depends on Li Jing and Wang Gongchen.

"The second point, for example, I spend the cost of the same money, and the goods I produce will not be sold for the same money, but will always be sold for more than one or even two or three times. What's the use of this extra money? If my goods can always be sold, I can always get money, and of course the profits can be invested in the capital and produce more goods. This can only be done by buying and selling, only by business. And in this way, there will be more and more goods in the world, and there will be more and more wealth, not that the wealth of the world will be fixed. can increase wealth day by day, why worry about the world? ”

Listening to Xu Ping's words, Wang Gongchen glanced at Li Jing and nodded emphatically: "I approve of this the most!" From the time I raised the camp and field work, I only had a small amount of capital, and in the face of a wasteland, it was like this, and I grew up year by year. To this day, the money and food for my field work are no less than any way! Here's an example. ”

This is the core of the commodity economy, which generates profits through the exchange of commodities and then expands production. As long as the market is there, this cycle can always exist positively, and social wealth will snowball. Under the commodity economy, commercial behavior is no longer dispensable, let alone inhibitible, but the core of all economic behavior. Mercantilism only makes sense in the context of a commodity economy, and a commodity economy will inevitably produce mercantilism.

What Xu Ping has to do is just to sort out this chain and explain the correctness of this chain through the practice of field work and other new field affairs in the past two years. After understanding this chain, there is no need for him to tell others about mercantilism, and the whole society will naturally change its concept. Of course, this business is not necessarily a businessman, but only a business act.