President Moe's European arms purchase plan only considers Germany, Britain, and France, three powers. Pen × fun × Pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 ｉｎｆｏ

Other countries, not within the scope of President Meng's consideration, Germany's current warships have just started, President Meng mainly wants to buy Krupp cannons and Mauser rifles through Germany, Germany's equipment is of good quality, accuracy is also excellent, the main thing is to value quality, to the end of the War of Resistance Against Japan, China's main defense artillery are still in Li Hongzhang's hands to buy those Krupp cannons!

In the middle of the 19th century, Bismarck defeated Austria and France, which is known as the Krupp cannon. Krupp cannon with a caliber of 280 mm. The barrel is 11.2 meters long, weighs 44 tons, the elevation angle can reach 30 degrees, the effective firing range is 19,760 meters, the shell can penetrate 65.8mm steel plate within 3,000 meters, and can fire 1-2 shells per minute.

The reputation of the Krupp cannon is almost universally known in the modern world, and it is especially famous in China.

After the steel cannon entered China with the foreign word krupp, following the previous method of naming artillery, the Chinese gave this artillery a very powerful name called - Krupp, which literally looked higher than the previous general.

The translation of this word can really be a great book in the history of Chinese translation. Of course, Krupp's fame in China is not mainly due to its clever translation, but to the steel breech cannon.

At one time, the Krupp cannon was almost synonymous with China's coastal defense.

The Krupp company located in Essen, Germany was originally just a small blacksmith shop, doing some inconspicuous small business such as iron, when it came to the hands of the old Krupp, there were only three thatched houses, and later the old Krupp created the "tank steel", and used this excellent steel to create an excellent breech steel cannon, Krupp has become famous all over the world, Li Hongzhang admired the Germans who started from three thatched houses, called him "a person with great ability", and repeatedly liked to swing the dragon gate array with the general office and assistant of the foreign affairs enterprise. Talking about the history of Krupp's family, the implication is that I hope they can also become China's Krupp.

President Meng himself once heard Li Hongzhang say that President Meng from modern times is of course very clear about the historical status of the Krupp cannon!

Being able to build his own cannon is President Moe's short-term goal, which is difficult to say, but simple to say, it can be regarded as simple.

After the invention of the rotating turret by the Americans, the British designer Cowper Cruise soon came up with his own scheme, and his design of this turret came to be known as the Cruise turret. After a series of experiments, in 1869 the British built the first ironclad ship "Monarch".

The British Royal Navy's 7,000-ton "Captain" deck rotary ironclad ship is a round turret surrounded by armor, and flat armor is laid on the top, similar to a steel "can", and the cannon is arranged in the "can". A set of rotating mechanisms is installed under the turret, which rotates the entire turret, so that the guns in the turret can be "measured from all sides". Its basic feature is that the cannon moves with the battery, that is, the artillery itself does not move, but rotates with the battery.

After the Battle of Lisa, the horizontal formation of the bow against the enemy became the trend, and the design of the batteries along the center line was considered to be unable to make the guns in each rotary platform turn to the bow or stern direction at the same time, and "the front and rear could not fire each other", which did not meet the basic tactical requirements of the bow against the enemy.

Later, when the British built the ironclad ship "Inflecil", they improved this, and designed the turret as a horn layout (or oblique battery), with two rotary platforms staggered at a certain angle and placed side by side in the middle of the warship. With this layout, it was possible to fire at the bow and stern of the ship at the same time from two rotating gun emplacements, and it was possible to arrange a compartment between the two sides without worrying about blocking the gun's firing range.

Later, the Chinese Navy's ironclad ships "Dingyuan" and "Zhenyuan" used this horn method to arrange the forts.

Dingyuan and Zhenyuan are indeed the world's advanced warships at the end of the nineteenth century, why would the Beiyang Navy, which has such a strong strength, lose, anyway, President Meng is now unknown, if he can't win, it is more than enough for self-protection!

Because the turret rotates as a whole during the battle, once the enemy's shell hits the side gap where the turret and the deck meet, the whole turret is easy to get stuck.

The Terrace Rotary Cannon is also known as the Lu Fort.

Its main feature is that the battery does not move and the artillery moves. Like the deck, it is also surrounded by armor to form a turret, but the height of this turret is only limited to protect the artillery mount, and the turret is still connected with the deck, fixed and cannot be rotated, generally called the armored wall, and there are also called breastwalls.

The gun is mounted in a fixed turret, so that when turning, the gun only needs to be turned, regardless of the thick armor wall, which greatly reduces the burden on the rotating mechanism.

Moreover, as its name suggests, the upper part of the early open battery is completely open and open-air, and the field of vision for aiming and observation is relatively wide, and the pitch angle of the gun can be adjusted to a larger level, and there will be no problem that the gunpowder smoke cannot be dispersed after the gun is fired, because the battery itself is a fixed armored wall connected to the deck, and it avoids the drawbacks of the "bullet and rotating seam" of the ship surface rotary platform.

After the birth of the shipside gun house design, the French also introduced it, and also felt that this design was not conducive to the play of the warship's firepower, and it was necessary to improve it.

The four corners of the roof of the gun house were each set up with a circular casemate, which was surrounded by armor and the height was limited to protect the artillery mount, which was a low breastwork.

This kind of battery itself cannot be rotated, and the artillery installed in the platform can rotate itself through the gun carriage, that is, the cannon moves but the platform does not move, so that the artillery is no longer limited by the closed gun room, and the firing range is much wider.

This seemingly simple improvement of the French obtained two world patents at once: those turrets on the roof of the gun house that were a little protruding from the hull were later called earrings and were widely used, and the artillery emplacements surrounded by armor and immovable were the prototype of the later exposed forts.

The Dew Fort is not round, but approximates a pear shape, and this distinctive pear shape is an important external feature of the early Dew Fort.

The cannon is installed in the belly of the pear, and the part of the pear handle is used to arrange the personnel and ammunition entrances and exits, and the artillery can rotate during combat, but the ammunition and personnel entrances and exits located in the pear handle are indeed fixed and cannot be moved, which limits the rotation angle of the artillery to a certain extent, because the artillery cannot be turned too far away from the ammunition supply port.

Although the Germans later solved this problem slightly by erecting a unique bomb-carrying crane, this could not but be said to be an important defect of the exposed battery compared to the surface rotary platform in which the ammunition loading port and the gun rotated with the battery.

This time it was the turn of the British to learn from the French, and the British, who had been self-conscious about the deck turnaround, had to admit that the advantages of the open battery were more than good, and soon the British sent their own warships to the slipway.

It is very interesting that just when the British began to shift from the rotary platform to the open battery, the Chinese who came to Europe to order ironclad ships came to the German-built open battery ironclad ship "Saxony" and the British-built surface rotary ironclad ship "Inflecil White", and came up with a set of their own design scheme: the gun layout imitated the horn style of the "Inflecil White", so as to fully develop the power of the bow against the enemy.

In addition to the above four types of ironclad ships, there is also a relatively alternative type of ironclad ship - offshore defense ironclad ships.

Unlike the warships above, the Offshore Defense Ironclad was named after its purpose.

In 1854, the Crimean War broke out between Britain, France and Russia.

Britain and France conquered Sevastopol with their strong naval forces, and in the process of attacking the fortress, the French showed their might with a floating battery protected by armor, which gave rise to this alternative ironclad ship.

From the point of view of design ideas, the coastal defense ironclad ship and the later shallow water gunboat have some origins, because the use of different targets, this kind of warship design mainly focuses on the shore and land battery to respond, as a "mouth" use, do not need to take into account the sea fighting, so the warship has a shallow draft, small coal tank capacity, is a kind of ironclad suitable for offshore defense, similar to armored mosquito ships, and those large ironclad ships that infest the ocean do not actually belong to the same category, but they are called "ironclad ships" in the classification standards at that time Nothing more.

After the birth of the cruiser clipper, because the whole ship was unprotected and the survivability was not high, once it was attacked, the engine room part was shot, and "the whole ship was lost".

In order to make up for this shortcoming, a new design was used on the newly built British patrol clipper "US", the top of the engine room part of this warship was covered with a layer of flat armor, that is, the armored deck, and coal tanks were set on both sides below the armored deck, so that the top armored deck and the coal tanks on both sides jointly played a protective role in the engine room (at that time, most of the ship design circles believed that the coal tank filled with coal had a better defensive effect on artillery shells), and the survivability of the cruise clipper was greatly improved.

But this kind of warship can only be called a flat-armored clipper, and the dome flat-armored clipper was developed on this basis.

President Meng's Danzhou 1872 warship belongs to the ironclad ship with guns next to the ship, which is the oldest ironclad ship, an ironclad ship in the mid-60s of the 19th century.

The ironclad ships of this period had the same structure and guns arranged along the side of the wooden warships of the Sail Age, except that steam engines and chimneys were added.

At that time, it was a large ocean-going main ironclad ship, and it was also a rare large ironclad ship with a displacement of more than 10,000 tons at that time.

Also a rare 5-masted battleship. (To be continued.) )