"Today's China has to adopt European production methods. Suitable for the machine, but avoid its drawbacks. To build a new society without any transition in the future. It can absorb the essence of previous civilizations without falling victim to the dross of previous civilizations. Huang Xing said, "At present, China's industry is not yet developed, and Marx's class struggle and proletariat are not needed." ”

"Yes, Hanzhi has told me before that scientific socialism has a desired goal to be achieved, there are certain stages to follow, the signs of its evolution are the same as those of animals and plants, and its law of cause and effect is no different from the analysis of physical chemistry, and it is not just one ideal." Cai Yi remembered the recent events in Beijing, and said worriedly, "Since the Russian Revolution, it has been fashionable for Chinese people to talk about social favoritism, thinking that there is a shortcut, which is a big mistake. ”

Hearing the word "fashionable", Liang Qichao sighed and nodded.

Liang Qichao can be said to have a deep understanding of the evil consequences of the pursuit of fashion in China's intellectual circles.

Since the late Qing Dynasty, Chinese intellectuals have been led by the nose by the West under the great goal of "saving the country and striving for a strong country", and after being defeated by Western capitalism, they have been shouting like a swarm to learn from Western capitalism; When it was discovered that Westerners themselves were reflecting on the shortcomings of capitalism and were raising up socialism, they shouted like a swarm of people to learn from socialism and take the opportunity to "dominate Europe and the United States."

The reason for this is actually the manifestation of the poison of Western "social evolution" and "social Darwinism". Since the enlightenment of Yan Fu's "Theory of Heavenly Evolution", Chinese intellectuals have been pursuing an ethereal "ultimate goal of social evolution", which was "capitalism" for a very short time. It soon became "socialist"; Later, it finally became "communalism".

Before 1918, out of a total of about 260 newspapers and periodicals, there were only about 30 newspapers and periodicals that published socialist-benevolent contents; Between 1918 and 1920, out of a total of about 280 newspapers and periodicals, about 220 published socialist-oriented contents. These newspapers included both conservative reformist and radical al-Shabaab and, of course, a very small number of communalist newspapers. Generally speaking, between 1918 and 1920, intellectuals of almost all political persuasions in China talked about social favoritism. Under the influence of this trend, even the notorious Beiyang "Anfu Department" royal literati had to start talking about social benevolence, so as not to fall behind the times!

As a result of the war in Europe, the trend of social favoritism is really galloping, and the Chinese people who are sleeping in the dark suddenly wake up, and they can't help but follow the way. Now the phrase "social favoritism" is the most fashionable term in China. Huang Xing said bitterly.

"The doctrine of social favoritism, which belongs to the reformists, is absolutely sympathetic; As for revolutionism, I did not fail to praise it, but said that it would not be feasible, even if it would be practiced thousands of years later. Liang Qichao said, took out a piece of letter paper from his pocket, and handed it to Cai Yi, "This is a little experience that I have gathered with Dongsun, Baili and Junmai, and has collected a lot of knowledge, called 'The Trend of Public Determination', a total of sixteen, Songpa and Keqiang might as well take a look." ”

Cai Ye took the letter and read it with Huang Xing.

"Article 1: The welfare of mankind shall be strengthened by the collective nature and individuality, so that the performance of the group shall be equal and the individual shall be fully free."

"Article 2: China's sluggishness is due to the bad system, and the bad system is due to bad thinking, so the system cannot be subverted unless the first ideological revolution is made."

"Article 3: Political transformation begins with the breaking of the old-style representative system, so that the people must have the right to freedom of organization."

"Article 4: Economic transformation is to neither obliterate the high level of intelligence, nor to have a livelihood."

"Article 5: The transformation of the world lies in breaking the theory of the supreme sovereignty of the state and making the people of all countries consciously become members of mankind."

"Article 6: The doctrine of extreme self-defense should be abolished militarily, and in order to suit the new trend of the world, the system of integrating the military and the people should be adopted."

"Article 7: The organization of the State shall be based entirely on the localities, and the authority of the Central Government shall be reduced to the extent necessary."

"Article 8: Local autonomy shall be enacted by the localities on their own accord to abide by the fundamental law."

"Article 9: The integration of the people shall be carried out at the same time at the local and occupational levels."

"Article 10: The livelihood of society shall be subject to the law of equal distribution of land and other productive organs."

"Article 11: The undertakings of production shall be increased in the event of equal distribution." ,

"Article 12: Compulsory education shall be provided for in the local fundamental law, as universal education shall be the foundation of all people's governance."

"Article 13: The sanctity of labor is an indelible axiom in the world, so the people have the obligation to work."

"Article 14: Ideological unity is a symptom of the stagnation of civilization, so the doctrine of unrestricted importation should be adopted for all powerful doctrines in the world, and should be adopted by the people of the country."

"Article 15: Shallow and general cultural importation is an obstacle to the progress of the people, so the doctrines to which it is important should be studied faithfully and profoundly."

"Article 16: Chinese civilization is an extremely valuable part of the heritage of mankind, so the Chinese people have the responsibility to rectify and carry it forward."

"This is a reformist 'manifesto of social welfare.'" After reading it, Huang Xing said approvingly, "It is a good intention to integrate politics, economic equality, freedom of thought and labor supremacy, and to advocate the fundamental transformation of Chinese society in a gradual and improved way." ”

"However, many people think that the result of such a proposition means that China still needs to follow the natural process of social evolution and embark on the road of capitalism." Liang Qichao said, "But what they don't know is that this understanding is actually in line with my own concept of social benefit." They should think carefully about why I only want 'socialist-benevolent reform' and resolutely do not want 'socialist-benevolent revolution'. ”

"Most of the inferior societies that Geff intended to revolutionize contain in their veins the hereditary nature of the Yellow Turban." Cai Yi smiled and replied.

Cai's answer can be said to hit the nail on the head, and he clearly pointed out the reason why his teacher Liang Qichao opposed the socialist revolution: because direct revolution will inevitably lead to the "rich" rather than the social system as the object of revolution! And this will seriously undermine the premise of China's economic development! China's successive "revolutions" have proven this!

"Can you show Yang Hanzhi the sixteen articles of Ren Gong's 'public tendency'?" Huang Xing asked.

"Nope." Liang Qichao's face showed a sense of loneliness, "Warlords are always warlords, even if they can be enlightened for a while, it is difficult to guarantee that they will not become the second Duan Zhiquan in the future." ”

Cai Ye and Huang Xing knew that the defeat of the new parliamentary election had stimulated Liang Qichao too much, and they couldn't help but sigh.

Liang Qichao has always believed that since the first year of the Republic of China, because the quality of the parliamentarians is too low, the Congress has repeatedly embarrassed the government, resulting in repeated setbacks for the government and its own good governance plans, such as enlightened**, Yuan Shikai declared war on Germany. Therefore, after the fall of Yuan Shikai's Hongxian Empire, Liang Qichao cooperated with Duan Qirui to calm Yang Du's imperial restoration, and clearly expressed his refusal to restore the parliament dissolved by Yuan Shikai and the abolished "*** Provisional Covenant". Liang Qichao's reason was: "*** has been destroyed by Yuan Shikai's restoration of the imperial system, and now the country is newly created, and the provisional Senate should be convened in accordance with the precedent of the first revolution, and the new parliament should be convened after the reorganization of the National Assembly and the election law." ”

Liang Qichao believes that *** has perished at the moment of Yuan Shikai's restoration. After that, it was Liang Qichao's Progressive Party and Duan Qirui's Beiyang Armed Forces that jointly abolished the imperial system and recreated a new country. This new country has no legal succession relationship with the previous one, so it should follow the precedent of the Xinhai Revolution and convene the provisional Senate again to formulate a new legal system and elect a new parliament. Liang Qichao thinks that what he has to do is to let the current government break off with the previous one, the old parliament naturally does not want it, and the "Provisional Covenant Law" cannot be retained either; Furthermore, the new Congress will be controlled by the Progressive Party, and there will no longer be the forces of the original Revolutionary Party; The new constitution will also basically reflect the views of the progressives, rather than the will of the revolutionaries.

In the minds of the Chinese at that time, the anti-Japanese hero Duan Qirui's personality was regarded as a model by the people of the time, but what Liang Qichao didn't know was that Duan Qirui did not have too many *** republican concepts in his heart. Duan Qirui preferred the emergence of a parliament that listened to his will, and Liang Qichao's idea of "transforming the parliament" naturally received Duan Qirui's full support at first. Duan Qirui first used Liang Qichao's Progressive Party to "rebuild the republic", and then used the force and financial resources of the Beiyang Department to create the so-called "Anfu Department", which completely excluded Liang Qichao's Progressive Party from the Congress.

For Duan Qirui to treat himself like this, Liang Qichao was more disappointed than angry.

"I don't care what others say about me, but I have recently discovered one of my own sins, where is the source of this sin? Because I have never been able to get rid of the old idea of 'virtuous politics' and have always wanted to improve the country with an inherent old force, I have shared a few things with those who should not or do not want to work together. Although I am confident that I have not done anything bad, I will inevitably be used to do bad things, and my conscience is infinitely painful because of this, and I feel that it is simply my indirect sin. ”,

Liang Qichao's old concept of "virtuous politics" refers to enlightenment, that is, the hope of national transformation depends on a "virtuous" authoritarian leader such as Yuan Shikai and Duan Qirui; The second refers to elite politics, Liang Qichao's "transformation of the Congress" to squeeze out radical revolutionary forces is based on such a concept of "elite politics", in Liang Qichao's view, the revolutionaries are the "riotous forces" from the bottom, and the middle-level elites of the Progressive Party are the elites who can take on the important task of national transformation.

But to Liang Qichao's disappointment, Duan Qirui, the authoritarian leader he had high hopes for, would use such indiscriminate means as bribery to shatter his dream of "virtuous politics".

The current Liang Qichao can be said to be disheartened by the "politics of virtuous men".

"Yang Hanzhi and Duan Zhiquan are two completely different people. Duan Zhiquan is actually not enthusiastic about the *** republic, but Yang Hanzhi is different, if Hunan autonomy is not supported by him, it is difficult to become a reality, and it is likely to be destroyed in the hands of those who review the committee from the beginning. Huang Xing said, "Ren Gong should actually show him this, which is very helpful for him to implement the construction of the bottom layer in Fujian, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou and other provinces." ”

"Bottom *** construction?" Listening to Huang Xing's words, Liang Qichao couldn't help but be stunned.

"Yang Hanzhi wants to improve the quality of the people, and he is engaged in experiments among the people. He also got a 'textbook' out, Ren Gong must not have read it, right? Huang Xing smiled and said, "Ren Gong will come with me for a while, and I'll get you a copy." ”

At this time, at the headquarters of the "National Socialist Party of China" in Beijing, some young people were reading the same book with great interest.

"In the future, the future of the Republic of China will depend on the development of civil rights."

"Anyone who has insight thinks that the quality of our people is not high, and their understanding of the republic and the world is very limited, let alone rising to political belief. In fact, the quality of our country's citizens is not high, which is precisely caused by the long-term ** system, and China's 40,000,000 people are equal to a plate of scattered sand. There is also a real alien race. In the Manchu Qing Dynasty, there was a ban, the writing was imprisoned, and the occasional language was abandoned, but the people's freedom, freedom of the press, and freedom of thought had been completely slashed away for more than 260 years. The race is not extinct and fortunately, how can it be hoped that its hearts will be consolidated and carried forward by the group! ”

"Opening the wisdom of the people is the consensus of all gentlemen and virtuous people. The way to open up the wisdom of the people is very different. Those who advocate "enlightened**" believe that an enlightened ** government can be relied on to improve the basic quality of the people, and when the basic quality of the people reaches a certain level, the "enlightened**" government will naturally die. There is a contrary view that the government will never take the initiative to take on the responsibility of opening up the people's wisdom. In my view, the opening of the people's wisdom needs to rely on the power of society, the state should be separated from the society, when restricting the role of the state, allowing the society to develop freely, and avoiding the country's destruction of the people's wisdom, is the key to the development of the people's wisdom. The power of the cultivation of personality is not in politics but in society. The reason for this *** operation book is also the first step to teach the people to practice civil rights. ”

"What is the Republic of China? U.S. President Abraham Lincoln once said, "The people have what they have, the people govern, and the people enjoy." This is called the Republic of China. What is civil rights? That is, the system practiced in the Swiss state recently, the people have the right to elect officials, the people have the right to recall officials, the people have the right to create bills, and the people have the right to referendum, which is called the four major civil rights. It must have these four major civil rights in order to be called a pure Republic of China. Xinhai's advocacy of "restoring China and founding the Republic of China" aims to build a world of progress, majesty, prosperity and happiness as the world's largest and best nation, and those who are owned by the people, governed by the people, and enjoyed by the people. ”

"Now the republican reconstruction, the important task of creating a pure Republic of China is of course the responsibility of all the people, not the responsibility of one person and one party. The people are the lords of a country, and the power to rule is derived, and the exercise of power begins with the election of representatives. If we can follow the step-by-step process, gradually progress, from naïve to strong, and develop civil rights, then the pure Republic of China can just around the corner. ”

"It is not enough to let people know what kind of rights they enjoy in '***', it is more important to tell them how to practice and defend their rights. Only in this way will civil rights develop; When civil rights are developed, there will naturally be no room for restoration. Why did civil rights develop? It starts from consolidating people's hearts and entangling group forces. And if you want to consolidate people's hearts and entangle the strength of the group, you have to do nothing. It is the first step in the development of civil rights. However, the Chinese have been severely forbidden by ***, and for hundreds of years, the nature of gregariousness has been lost, and the principle of ***, the organization of ***, the habits of ***, and the experience of *** are all absent. With a plate of scattered people, they suddenly ascended to the position of the master of the Republic of China, and it is appropriate that they are at a loss and do not know what to do. The so-called *** is just a rabble. ”,

"I know that careerists must say, 'It is necessary to be emperor-government', and Qu scholars must say, 'It is necessary to ** and must be'. I don't know that the Jews of the country are also, the first life of a person cannot move in a day, and the beginning of the country can not be made by leaps and bounds for a while? The actions of children must be taught by nannies, and the same should be true for the toddlers of today's people. The reason for this book is the "Civil Rights Exercise", and it is also the first step to teach the people to practice civil rights. ”

"When the meeting is called, the president stands and waits for a moment, or knocks on the bill and then says: 'The time has come, let the congregation hear the reading of the record of the pre-assembly in order.' Sitting. The secretary then got up and called 'the Lord's seat,' and read the record, and sat down when he had finished reading it. The Lord re-ascended and said, 'When you have heard the record of the previous meeting, do you feel any errors or omissions?' To be a little bit of a treat, it is to say, 'If there is none, this record is considered to be an endorsement.' The matter that should be discussed in this order is so and so. If anyone perceives an error in the record, he should correct it and say the following: 'Lord, I remember that so and so was the case which was decided. If the secretary thinks that the correction is made and there is no objection, the secretary shall record it, and the Lord shall say, 'This record and the amendment shall be deemed to be approved.'" 'If there is any objection, or if the clerk holds the original motion, any person may move the words 'Amendment of the record as proposed' or delete or add the word. The motion shall be discussed and voted upon, and whether or not the motion is amended shall be determined by a majority of votes or votes. The Lord then said, 'If the record is amended as agreed, it will be made a case.' ’”

"This book is not a book for reading and reading, but a book for practicing and exams. If you read and read this book by reading it, it will taste like chewing wax, and you will not get anything. If this book is treated by practice and exercise, it will be like eating cane, gradually getting better, and once it is penetrated, the wonderful use of the meeting can be fully appreciated. Anyone who wants to take on the responsibility of the people should not fail to study this book. Anyone who wants to consolidate the hearts of the people of our country and entangle the power of the people of our country must be familiar with this book. And spread it all over the country, making it an ordinary common sense. The family, society, schools, peasant leagues, the Labor Party, chambers of commerce, companies, parliaments, provincial capitals, county councils, state councils, and military councils should all be based on this rule. ”

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