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At the end of June 1919, the Paris Peace Conference, led by Britain, France, and the United States, finally came to an end. After more than half a year of revolving and gaming. The distribution of interests in the Western world has finally come to an end. After four years of victory in the Great War, the Entente will finally complete the distribution of the fruits of victory.

On July 1, the Treaty of Versailles will be finalized in the West. At the same time, the contents of the Treaty of Versailles spread throughout the world in a very short time.

The Treaty of Versailles consisted of 15 parts and 440 articles. Under the terms of the treaty, Germany lost 13.5% of its territory, 12.5% of its population, all of its overseas colonies (including German East Africa, German South-West Africa, Cameroon, Togoland and German New Guinea), 16% of its coal producing land and half of its steel industry.

First, there are changes in borders

(1) On October 8, 1918, at the time of the armistice, Alsace and Lorraine were ceded to France, restoring France's borders before the Franco-Prussian War.

(2) North Schleswig returned to Denmark after a referendum.

(3) Recognition of Polish independence and granting Poland a coastline. the return of the territories formerly belonging to Poland, including West Prussia, the Posen Voivodeship, part of East Prussia and part of Upper Silesia; To the east Silesia to Czechoslovakia.

(4) Danzig was administered by the League of Nations and was called the Free City of Danzig.

(5) Cession of Eupen and Malmedi to Belgium.

(6) The Saarland was held in charge by the League of Nations for 15 years, after which a referendum was held to determine its ownership.

(7) Germany recognized Austria's independence and could never merge with it.

(8) Recognition of the independence of Luxembourg.

(9) All overseas colonies were distributed by the victorious powers.

Second, military restrictions

(1) The territory on the west bank of the Rhine (Rhineland) was occupied by the Allied forces for 15 years, and the German army was not allowed to defend within 50 kilometers of the east and west banks.

(2) The Army was limited to less than 100,000 personnel and was not allowed to have tanks or heavy artillery, and the German General Staff was abolished.

(3) The navy is limited to 15,000 personnel, and only 6 battleships with a displacement of 10,000 tons, 6 cruisers, and 12 destroyers are allowed to have ships, and submarines are not allowed.

(4) The Air Force shall not be organized.

(5) Weapons shall not be imported or exported.

(6) Chemical weapons shall not be produced or stockpiled.

(7) In order to limit the number of people receiving military training, the conscription system was abolished, and the length of service for non-commissioned officers and soldiers was extended to 12 years and 25 years for officers, and the number of officers could not exceed 4,000.

Third, war responsibility

(1) Germany must admit full responsibility for the war and crimes against the civilian population of the Entente powers.

(2) Former Kaiser Wilhelm II was tried as the first perpetrator of war crimes.

(3) Part of the German army was tried for war crimes, and some of them were sentenced to death.

Fourth, war reparations

According to the decision of the Allies' Compensation Commission, Germany had to pay a total of 226 billion marks (about 11.3 billion pounds) in compensation, which was paid in gold.

After the contents of the Treaty of Versailles were exposed in the United States, it aroused strong dissatisfaction among the American people. Many Americans think that the Treaty of Versailles is simply a naked robbery, and that the 226 billion marks, even at the peak of Germany's pre-war economy, will not be paid off in a hundred years. In the minds of Americans, the United States participated in World War I to safeguard justice and maintain world peace. President Wilson's 14-point proposal for democracy is even more deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. However, the result was completely opposite, and the United States became one of the hosts of this world's biggest robbery, and for a time, there was a constant wave of opposition from the American people. President Wilson's popular approval rating has dropped dramatically. The U.S. House of Representatives also had a lot of criticism on this matter, and in the end, on the question of whether the United States signed the Treaty of Versailles, the House of Representatives also voted against it and did not pass it.

In response to pressure from democrats at home, President Wilson had to commit to the United States abstaining from signing the Treaty of Versailles. However, the United States will not give up the benefits that have been discussed before. After all, there is still a naked relationship of interests between countries. Democracy and civilization are more of a cloak of monopoly and autocracy. …,

The second to explicitly refuse to sign the Versailles Treaty was the Chinese delegation. The Chinese Government renounced signing the treaty on the grounds that it was not in the interests of the Republic of China. At the same time, Von Delin visited Berlin on behalf of the Chinese government and made it clear that China would give up its status as a victorious power vis-à-vis Germany. Willing to establish diplomatic relations with Germany as an equal country.

The olive branch extended by the Chinese delegation quickly paid off. After learning about the Treaty of Versailles, the Weimar Republic of Germany had long since lost its original deference to the Entente. Because the Treaty of Versailles could not be resolved for a long time, the Allied armies never withdrew from German soil, and these victorious soldiers flaunted their might in Germany, causing great damage to German society. And because of the blockade by the Allied armies, most of the German industrial system was in a state of shutdown. The most advanced industrial machinery and equipment have been divided between Britain, France and the United States. More than 30% of the basic industry was bought by China. Don't underestimate these three percent, this is the entire German industrial system, compared to the loss of industrial equipment, with Germany's industrial capacity is not unbearable, the most unbearable thing for the Germans is the arrogance of the soldiers of the victorious country to the German people. The Germanic nation is a highly self-respecting nation, and since the establishment of the Kingdom of Prussia, Germany has been standing in a tough form on the European continent, and the Germanic nation is one of the most powerful nations in the West in modern times, and the Germanic people have long been accustomed to the status of world-class citizens. The sharp contrast of status and status now makes the German people begin to miss the reign of Kaiser Wilhelm. At that time, although Germany was an imperial system and there was a lot of pressure on private taxation, Germany was a world-class power, and Germans would be respected no matter which country they went to.

Under the influence of this complex thinking, the German people, who had originally supported the Democratic Revolutionary Party, gave up, and various parties sprang up in Germany. The spread of ideas of all kinds caused a violent upheaval. It can be said that Germany already has the soil for the emergence of the Nazi Party.

To be honest, the Germans were very unfamiliar with China before the war. After all, China is only a weak big country in the Far East, and it has no influence in the world at all, and there may be a lot of Chinese students and overseas Chinese in Germany. But this is not representative of China. However, after Germany's surrender, and especially in the six months since the signing of the Treaty of Versailles, almost everyone in Germany knew about the existence of China. The members of the Chinese delegation went deep into all aspects of Germany, negotiated with German officials in a courteous manner, and purchased German industrial equipment at a completely reasonable price. Although much of Germany's industrial equipment was sold to China under the leadership of the Allied garrisons, the Germans did not put their hatred on the Chinese. After all, the Chinese government's actions are completely commercial, and there is no bullying or fraud. Moreover, the financial power displayed by the Chinese government has also attracted the attention of the German government and people. They couldn't figure out why China, a newly independent country, had such deep pockets. Now that the content of the Treaty of Versailles has spread throughout Germany, the German people seem to be like a volcano, and the strong pressure has turned into boundless hatred, which is buried deep in the hearts of the Germans. Social discontent exacerbated the spawning of all sorts of dangerous ideas, but these were not seen by the Allied bigwigs who happily shared the spoils in Paris.

At this time, China offered to renounce its status as a victorious power, although it did not change Germany's current situation in the slightest. But this is a clear indication of an attitude, a respect for Germany. Moreover, as the first country to do so, China won the favor of the German government and people at almost no practical cost in addition to paying the illusory "benefits" of the victorious country, and easily signed a friendship treaty with Germany.

Chinese leader Feng Delin left for Berlin, Germany, the day before the signing of the Treaty of Versailles, also deliberately to avoid the signing ceremony of the Treaty of Versailles. This was taken very seriously by the whole Weimar Republic. Even though the German government was under pressure from the Allied armies, the German government made a series of welcoming ceremonies. ..., the Entente countries, which were immersed in excitement about the actions of the Chinese delegation, did not care, after all, in the past six months, China has almost been as transparent as a person in the signing of the peace treaty. Because there are not too many Chinese interests involved, Chinese diplomats are not thankless to act as ambassadors of world peace. What's more, the main reason why China participated in this large-scale meeting this time is to integrate into the world. In the past six months, China has already signed bilateral diplomatic relations agreements with more than 30 countries in the world. The attempt of the Japanese to create an anti-Chinese alliance was fundamentally dismantled. Another task of the Chinese delegation, the task of purchasing industrial infrastructure equipment and technology, has also been accomplished very well. Almost a third of Germany's basic industrial equipment was shipped to the Far East, and together with the industrial equipment of other countries, for a time, there were nationwide industrial zones in China. At the same time, hundreds of thousands of outstanding German engineers, experts and scholars went to China to participate in the process of China's industrialization. Although these things cost the Chinese government huge financial resources, and even the government is heavily indebted to them, in the long run, the Chinese deal is an unusually good deal.

Now China only needs to sign a friendship agreement with the down-and-out German government to successfully complete its trip to the West.

It can be said that Feng Yong's trip to the West was very smooth, except for the first confrontation with the Japanese Navy in the South China Sea. Feng Yong used the memories of his previous life and the current information to grasp the hearts of Western countries very well. It also understood from the acquiescence of Britain and France the purpose of the British and French attempts to provoke the Far East dispute. However, the Chinese delegation did not resist, but instead pushed the boat along with the current, taking advantage of the idea of Britain, France and the United States to support China, and vigorously expanded its strength. In the end, huge benefits were obtained. As for establishing friendly relations with Germany, it was Feng Yong's aim at Germany's advanced military technology. Germany was limited by the Treaty of Versailles, but China was not. Moreover, the Entente plundered ready-made technical materials in Germany, but many core military experts remained in Germany. These living technical data are more accurate than those drawings. Therefore, as long as there are such military scientists, Germany has world-class scientific and technological strength. The development potential is still not to be underestimated. Otherwise, Germany would not have had the ability to start a world war with only twenty years of recuperation.

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