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Marx's office was simply furnished, with a set of desks and chairs left over from the Russian era, and a few chairs with polished paint scattered in front of the desk to entertain guests. The only decoration in the room was a red flag full of bullet holes, said to be the first to be raised in the Polish January Revolution of 1863 - although the current Republic of Poland has many capitalist elements, the revolutionaries who lead the country care deeply about everything that can represent the revolution and the proletariat.

In their view, capitalism is only a transitional stage, and it will eventually lead to the road of socialism. Marx even gave the present special period of building capitalism under the leadership of the working class a very exciting name - the primary stage of socialism! Well, Marx thought that it would only take 20 years, that is, before 1884, for the Republic of Poland to complete this initial stage and enter the more advanced stage of socialism. Engels, on the other hand, was slightly more pessimistic, believing that it would take until 1894 to reach the intermediate stage of socialism.

As for the criteria for the intermediate stage of socialism, the two revolutionary mentors had similar views. They all believe that the amount of social welfare should be used to measure whether the intermediate stage has been reached -- in their view, the primary stage of socialism is actually a make-up lesson, a make-up lesson for capitalism! At this time, the development of the social productive forces is the primary goal of the working class. Of course, the fundamental purpose of developing the social productive forces in a socialist country is not to make a small number of people rich, although in this process, it is an inevitable phenomenon for a few people to get rich. In the middle and advanced stages of socialism. Perhaps this phenomenon will still exist (Engels thought there would be. Marx thought no).

But getting rich for a few is not always the goal of the working class. Therefore, when the social productive forces of the Republic of Poland reach a certain height, the best and most complete welfare system in the world should be established. The power of the state is used to redistribute social wealth, so as to flatten the gap between the rich and the poor to the greatest extent. For example, free education (not only compulsory education) and health care, pensions for retirees in society, and of course higher wages for workers.

Of course, the revolutionary teachers were also aware of the possibility that the revolutionary regime in Poland might have bureaucratic tendencies in the future. These people were aware of this by the time of the European Revolution of 1848. So after the victory of the Polish Revolution, they also took some precautions.

One of the main ways to prevent this is democracy. Of course, it's the kind of one-person, one-vote election. Although this democratic election was opposed by the leaders of the Russian Land and Freedom Society, including Bakunin and Herzen, the views of these Russian revolutionaries were very interesting. Although they "respect the people" and "emphasize democracy", at the same time they distinguish between "people" as individuals and "people" as a whole. Regard "people" as the tools of "the people", and as long as the interests of the people need it, individuals should not hesitate to sacrifice. The interests of the people are to be represented by the revolutionaries, not by the individuals who embody the will of the people with their votes.

However, this view was resolutely opposed by Marx, Engels and other mainstream factions of the International Workingmen's Association...... In fact, this strange view of the Russian style was incomprehensible to the revolutionaries of Western Europe. They all believed that since the Republic of Poland was a regime representing the interests of the working people, it should be subject to the supervision of the working people, just as the regimes of bourgeois countries such as England, France, and the Ming Dynasty were subject to the parliamentary supervision controlled by the bourgeoisie. Poland itself is a country with a long tradition of democracy, and its native Red Party advocates the election of a Polish government and parliament through popular elections. Thus, the Republic of Poland will hold its first parliamentary and presidential elections since its birth in early 1865.

Of course, in order to prevent the bourgeoisie from seizing power in Poland through electoral rigging, which had already occurred after the French Revolution of 1848, the planned elections in Poland were also limited. However, it is not a limit on the amount of tax or property. Instead, the qualifications of candidates are determined by a "Supervisory Council of the Polish Revolutionary Electoral Council".

And this revolutionary electoral council was not made up of the Polish Red Party. Rather, according to a certain proportion, it was made up of people from all walks of life in Poland. Among them, one-third are workers, one-third are peasants, and one-third are intellectuals. Bourgeois and religious people are not eligible to participate in this "Polish Revolutionary Election Supervision Committee". Moreover, the members of the "Polish Revolutionary Election Supervision Committee" are also randomly selected, and all Polish citizens who wish to participate in this committee can register with the dispatch body of the "Polish National Election Commission". Then register your occupation and ID number, and be subject to class screening. After passing the screening, the National Election Committee will organize a draw of lots and select 300 workers' members, 300 peasants' members, and 300 intellectuals to form the Polish Revolutionary Election Supervision Committee, which is responsible for determining whether the candidates represent the fundamental interests of the broadest working people in Poland.

In Marx's view, such an electoral system was the greatest expression of the interests of the Polish workers, and at the same time guaranteed that Poland could smoothly transition from the initial stage of socialism to the intermediate stage of socialism. Even after entering the intermediate stage of socialism, this electoral system can still effectively guarantee the continued development of the working people and socialism, which can be said to be the best political system and the greatest contribution of the Polish revolution to the working people of the world.

Marx walked briskly into his office, thinking about inviting representatives of the working class from all over the world to Poland to observe the elections. I didn't see that Bakunin, the vice-president of the International Workingmen's Association, was standing at his door waiting for him, almost bumping into him. Or Bakunin took a step back first and said with a smile: "Moore (Marx's alias), what is the mind thinking about?" Marx let out an "oh" and smiled at Bakunin: "Mikhail, I'm really sorry. How? Something awaits me here? Let's go in and talk, we are all revolutionary comrades, don't put on such a polite posture. ”

Although the two have considerable differences on how to realize the GC doctrine, they also have many common views. A small disagreement was not enough to make Marx and Bakunin enemies - in fact, there was no small disagreement between Marx and Engels. The two smiled at each other, walked into the office side by side, and sat down in their chairs. Naturally, the staff of the International Workingmen's Association brought two cups of coffee. Marx waved the staff out, and then asked Bakunin with a smile: "Mikhail, did you come to me for the American Revolution?" ”

The leaders of the revolution now gathered in Poland also had their own division of labor, and Marx, who was now the chairman of the Polish National Election Commission, was responsible for the International Workingmen's Association. Engels was naturally in charge of the Polish economy. Bakunin's main job was to export the revolution - the main targets were the United States and Russia. Compared with Marx and Engels, most of the Russian revolutionaries represented by Bakunin were doers or rebels!

Bakunin put down his coffee cup, shook his head, and said, "It's not all for the United States. Now the situation in the United States has stabilized, although the American people are very angry at the betrayal and betrayal of the American bourgeoisie. But with the help of British capital, the economy has finally begun to recover, so there is no possibility of a revolution for the time being. He sighed, his whole face looking a little solemn, and it seemed that he had been really worried about the great events of the world revolution recently, "and there is a relative stability in the whole capitalist world, and even the peasant insurrection in Russia is almost gone." Of course, this situation is only temporary, and it is brewing the impetus for the next great upheaval in the capitalist world. And we should also prepare for the world revolution in the future, it is obviously not enough to study an electoral system and develop the Polish economy! (To be continued.) )