Although the summoning system was upgraded again, and Li Yi once again had sixteen summoning places, he did not summon generals immediately. The talent in his hands is enough for the time being, and he himself doesn't have any generals he particularly wants to summon, so he put this matter aside for the time being.

Time passed in a hurry, and soon it was the end of the fourth year of Chuping, and the new year was coming.

The general trend of the world will change because of a specific thing, but it will not completely settle down because of it.

The heroes are exhausted, and the strategists are racking their brains, all planning how to protect what they have and strive for more in this great change caused by the marriage of the eldest princess.

The Hebei side, which has a great advantage, is also not easy.

In Li Yi's words, the process of competing for the top of the world is like a marathon, at the beginning, or even the advantage in the halfway, it is not enough to rely on, there are too many outstanding people among the competitors, and if you relax a little, the previous advantage will be wiped out.

Therefore, the general's mansion does not have much concept of this New Year.

In the first month of 194 AD, the Son of Heaven changed the name of the year to Xingping and granted amnesty to the world.

On the sixth day of the first lunar month, Li Yi convened the court officials to discuss the matter, and there was only one topic for the discussion, land and displaced people.

At the meeting, Li Yi solemnly told the more than 50 officials attending the meeting that the land reform policy must be come up with before the spring ploughing in April. During these three months, Hebei only discussed this matter, and did not ask about anything else.

Because the land system is directly related to the foundation of the state, involves taxation and forced labor, and then involves many major national policies, the scope of discussion is becoming more and more extensive, and more and more people are discussing it. By the end of the first month, nearly 100 officials, scholars, and celebrities from Hebei Prefecture rushed to Jicheng, the new capital, one after another, and started an all-night debate on how to reform the land system.

In the land of China, the earliest land system was the well field system.

The well field system began with ****, and matured and perfected in Zhou. An earlier and most complete record of it is Mencius Teng Wengong: "Death and migration do not leave the country, the countryside and fields are the same well, in and out of each other's friends, watch and help each other." If the disease supports each other, the people will be friendly. Fangli and well, the well is 900 acres, of which it is public land. The eight families are all private 100 acres and raise public land together; After finishing business, and then dare to deal with private affairs, so don't be savage. ”

From Mencius's description, it can be seen that the well field is in the shape of a square, with a total of 900 mu, which is cultivated by eight families, each of whom occupies 100 mu of private land, and the middle 100 mu is public land. After this subdivision, the shape of the land resembles the word "well", so it is called the well field.

The eight families had to work on the public land in order to pay the rent of the labor that Mencius called "help," and then each family could cultivate their own 100 acres of private land.

The most prominent features of the well field system are the distinction between public and private fields and the rent of labor labor. The well field system also adopts a method of regularly adjusting the rotation of portions in order to eliminate the inequalities that may arise due to differences in the fertility of the land.

By the middle of the Spring and Autumn period, the advent of iron farming tools and ox ploughing led to the development of a large number of private fields in addition to public fields, and the area of cultivated land was expanding day by day.

The aristocratic lords' fanatical pursuit of private land made the public land increasingly deserted, and the country's revenue was unsustainable.

Qin was strong with the "famous field system".

With a series of reforms of the Shang Dynasty, the ancient Jingtian system was completely abolished, and the hereditary land ownership privileges of the lords and nobles also disappeared, and the "Mingtian system" was replaced by the "Mingtian system".

The most prominent feature of the Mingtian system is that at the same time, it is divided into different titles and different amounts of land according to the size of military merits.

The land granted by the State becomes private and cannot be repossessed by the State, and the land can be bought and sold.

The granting of land according to household registration has achieved strict control over the peasants by the state over the borrowing of land; All the people who are registered can get a certain amount of land, and it can also make the people recuperate and recuperate, so that the country is stable, and the tax is sufficient and stable.

The system of rewarding land according to military merits broke the hereditary privileges of the aristocracy and produced a large number of military landlords, which had a huge impetus to the social development at that time.

The Han Dynasty inherited the Qin land system, and the Qin "Mingtian system" was inherited. Emperor Wen of Han and Emperor Jing of Han thus strengthened the country and created prosperity and prosperity that would be the envy of later generations.

With the development of society, a large number of land transactions appeared, and the wave of land annexation began to impact the famous land system. By the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, land annexation became more and more serious, almost to the extent that "the rich have no place to stand, and the poor have no place to stand".

In this frenzy of land annexation, in addition to the land of ordinary homesteaders, which have been annexed by the powerful one after another, another type of land that has been annexed in large quantities is the land of military merit.

Most of the descendants of the military landlords are arrogant and unrestrained, and it is difficult to inherit the legacy of their ancestors. They either violated the laws of the country and forbade the death of the country, or they did nothing and mixed with mediocrity, and the land obtained by their ancestors because of their military exploits was sold out by them.

The Mingtian system gradually existed in name only, and later the state no longer awarded the field house with military merits and began to reward gold and silver in kind, and the Mingtian system finally died out.

Land annexation eventually defeated the Nada system.

After Wang Mang usurped the throne, he implemented a series of new policies. In terms of the land system, he implemented the "Wang Tian System".

Wang Mang and his followers believe that private ownership and free buying and selling of land are the root causes of land annexation, and they have a very timely and correct understanding of this. The main purpose of Wang Mang's Wang Tian system was to restrain land annexation.

The main contents of the royal land system were to confiscate land to the imperial court, prohibit private land sales, limit the land occupied by households with no more than eight men to one "well" (900 mu), and distribute the excess to the neighboring clans, and landless farmers could be granted land by the imperial court according to the standard of 100 mu of land for one husband and one woman.

But why did such a land restructuring plan, which could solve the root cause of land annexation, fail in the end? The reason for the failure of the royal land system was precisely because of the ban on land sales.

The Wangtian system was abolished after only three years of implementation.

Today, the two capitals of Hebei Sanzhou Hufu implement the tuntian system.

The tuntian system first began in Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and was divided into military tun and mintun. Juntun refers to organizing the army to reclaim wasteland to provide military rations, and Mintun refers to recruiting displaced people to cultivate tuntian fields to provide food for the army or the imperial court.

Tuntian is owned by the state, and soldiers and farmers must pay a certain amount of tenant rent to the court and the army when farming, and the surplus grain left behind belongs to themselves, and the soldiers and guests of Tuntian are not allowed to leave at will, otherwise they will be guilty of their wives.

The tuntian system provided a large amount of military rations for the army and the imperial court, and also enabled some landless peasants to rely on the tuntian to make a living, which helped to appease the people and stabilize people's minds.

However, with the success of Tuntian and the perennial stability of Tuntian District, many ills have become more and more serious, such as Youzhou and Bingzhou, which have been in Tuntian for nearly ten years, and Liaodong Metropolitan Protectorate and Beiting Metropolitan Protectorate in Tuntian for five years, all kinds of problems have appeared in these places, so the reform of the land system is imperative.

In mid-March, after more than two months of debate, the officials of the Hebei Prefectures, after summing up the lessons and lessons of the successes and failures of various land systems in history, finally proposed the "system of calculating and dictating the fields."

The system of dictating fields is to count the dictation of fields according to household registration. This field refers to a large amount of ownerless land and wasteland owned by the imperial court, which grants the right to use these fields to all people according to population.

This system firmly recognizes the private ownership of land, and all the fields and mansions of the wealthy families are still theirs, and protects their rights and interests in land. At the same time, they also participate in the field awarding.

The system of calculating and dictating land includes both state land ownership and private land ownership, which can not only benefit the people of all strata, but also protect the interests of the gate lords and magnates.

On the basis of affirming land ownership and possession, this system can enable poor peasants to quickly get rid of the control of the wealthy families and become the members of the state, thus ensuring tax revenue to the greatest extent.

But Li Yi knows that this matter is still a symptom but not a root cause, if you can't divert the attention of the powerful people of the gate valve family, in the end, this "counting dictation system" will not last much time, and it will be paralyzed. This has been proven by the experience of the Tang Dynasty in later generations.

If you want to ensure that the land of the yeoman farmers is not taken away by the powerful people of the gate lords, the only way to let these people see a more profitable way. And to achieve this, there is only industry and commerce.

However, in the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, industry and commerce were both lowly industries, and industry and commerce were inferior industries to agriculture, and those engaged in industry and commerce had inferior social status compared to farmers.

In such a social context, it is obviously unrealistic to want to develop industry and commerce. However, if he directly proposed to raise the social status of industry and commerce in the court, he would definitely attract opposition from the majority of the people, and even some of his own people would oppose him. After all, most of the Wenchen under him now are from scholars. If Li Yi wants to move their foundation, even if it is his own people, I am afraid he will have to be anxious with him.

Li Yi has a headache about this.

However, Li Yi soon discovered that it was not only these things that needed him a headache.

"Ministers, see the lord (general)!" Zhong Xuan and Kong Rong came together and blocked Li Yi at the door of the General's Mansion.

"It's ...... What's going on again? Li Yi's scalp is a little numb, and the last thing he wants to see recently is Zhong Xuan and Kong Rong.

These guys are in charge of internal affairs, and they either ask for money or take out a large stack of documents to show themselves. Li Yi is very helpless, his brother is a special soldier, not a special secretary, so he can neither conjure up money nor organize those cumbersome affairs. Isn't it just to find so many staff members just to not be annoyed by these things?

Kong Rong turned his head to look at Zhong Xuan, who was helpless, so he had no choice but to speak: "My lord, you proposed to establish an arms department in order to provide various equipment for the army and civilians in order to ensure quality and quantity. But what about the specific charter? Who's in charge? Where to recruit artisans? How are standards set? (To be continued.) )