0575 The Dilemma of Business
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Li Yi feels very good about this great idea, but the staff are not enthusiastic.
Most of these staff members were natives of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and they embraced ideas completely different from those of Li Yi from later generations. In their opinion, a famous craftsman is the kind of person who can do Mo Ye, and a few treasures can satisfy the monarchs' desire to collect, but it does not help the overall situation. Unless it is an unborn grandmaster like Lu Ban and Mo Zhai, it can be of some help to war and internal affairs.
However, can this kind of grandmaster figure be taught by opening a random academy?
No one enthusiastically supported it, but no one objected to it either. Everyone knows that his lord is not only wise and brave on the battlefield, but also talented in side ways, as evidenced by new methods such as brewing wine, raising horses, and drying snow salt. It can even be said that many new things in northern Xinjiang today are made up by this lord alone.
The staff didn't know that Li Yi had a super killer summoning system that could exchange for various scientific and technological materials, and they subconsciously thought that these things that Li Yi took out were made up by Li Yi himself.
Of course, this is not the point, and the next issue is what everyone is really concerned about.
Rulers don't like merchants, mainly because they are roaming around and have a lot of wealth, which is difficult to manage. Ordinary businessmen are nothing, if they are ambitious, they are very dangerous.
With the means of communication in this era, it is difficult for even a unified empire to extend its rule to all counties, let alone villages.
Because of the lack of density of domination, coupled with the constant communication, taxing merchants became a problem.
In addition, the question of the tax collection method raised by Mi Zhu is also very troublesome.
For example, goods like salt cannot be sold at all in the coastal areas, and can only be sold at a high price when they are inland. If the merchant paid his taxes in Youzhou, he would either hand over a certain percentage of the salt or pay copper money according to the price of salt in Youzhou, which was not very cost-effective for the government. Waiting for the merchant to come back and then collect the tax will also encounter a similar problem, in short, it is very troublesome.
Therefore, in the past, the way of taxation was that each locality collected its own taxes, and the magistrates could set up cards, and the powerful and powerful could also do it. Although the businessmen have suffered a lot, the government has not benefited much, so they are not very concerned about it. The most extreme thing to do in this regard was the Ming Dynasty, which had no commercial taxes.
Li Yi had seen all kinds of reasons in the past, but now that he was in charge, he suddenly understood Zhu Yuanzhang. This majestic founding emperor may have encountered a similar scene, because he couldn't think of a way, he simply waved his hand and abolished the commercial tax. pondering that Lao Tzu can't make it, and he can't let others earn it.
It's okay to fight a war, but how about governing the country...... As Lao Tzu said, just like cooking stir-fry, it must be carefully crafted, and it will be delicious if you are careful and careful, just as Monk Zhu has a one-size-fits-all result, raising a group of rat doctors who have no discipline, and will only fry the vegetables in a hurry.
"Is there a way, it's not without ......" Li Yi pondered for a long time, and finally found a reference from later generations, "You can set up commercial departments in yamen in various places to specifically verify local merchants." Merchants have to be naturalized locally and keep accounts according to the norms, well, this can be a bit difficult, but it can be stipulated first, at least it must be understood......"
"The officials of the Department of Commerce levy taxes according to the business scale and profitability of the merchants, and issue tax payment certificates, with which the merchants can walk in the jurisdiction of Hebei without hindrance, and no taxes will be levied in the circulation link, how?"
"Lord, do you want to reinstate the order?" Mi Zhu looked at Li Yi in disbelief, with a trilling voice in his words.
It is not without reason that Chinese civilization has always tended to be introverted rather than expanded.
Since Qin Shi Huang swept through the six eastern countries and unified the world, a huge empire unprecedented in the world was born. As a result, the question of how to make this empire stable for a long time also surfaced.
A conclusion can be drawn from the experience of Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang, that is, it is often more difficult to govern the world than to fight the world. The rise and fall of the Great Qin Empire also seems to verify this law.
In terms of the disposal of merchants alone, whether it was Shang Ying, who changed the law to seek strength, or the majestic Qin Emperor and Han Wu, they failed to solve this problem well.
The method of the Shang Dynasty was to emphasize agriculture and suppress businessmen, desperately weaken the status of businessmen, and humiliate their personalities, such as not allowing businessmen to be officials, and not allowing businessmen to ride chariots and horses, wear silk, or buy land, so as to crack down on commerce.
Ying Zheng was basically a loyal believer of Shang Ying, and after unifying the world, he extended Shang Ying's anti-business policy to the whole country. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was even more ruthless than the two predecessors, and he directly launched the edict.
It is an extension of the calculation, and from the point of view of later generations, it is regarded as a kind of property tax. To put it simply, the government counts and calculates the property of merchants, and then compiles a register as the basis for taxation.
The property mentioned here includes the family's money, goods, vehicles, ships, transportation, and so on. Anyway, as long as you are a merchant and there are no officials, three elders, or Rongbian sergeants in your family, you have to pay heavy taxes for all valuable things in your family.
Because the tax rate was very high, the merchants did everything possible to hide their property to avoid taxes, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty responded by encouraging denunciation. He ordered Yang Ke to take charge of the matter, and ordered the people to take half of the complainant, that is, the defendant will be subject to the confiscation of property, and the whistleblower will receive half of the account.
This decree is a freak produced by the extreme development of the anti-business policy, and it is basically the same as grabbing money.
As a business family, the Mi family naturally hates this kind of freak of suing Ling, but I didn't expect Li Yi, who has always advocated equal emphasis on agriculture and industry, to suddenly put forward this.
"Order? No, no, how could I possibly get that?! "Li Yi has been in this Han Dynasty for more than ten years, even if he was originally a historical novice, he has lived in this era for so many years, and he knows many things, so he naturally knows what this decree is about. He was still trying to improve the status of the merchants, so as to divert the attention of the powerful men of the gate lord clan from the land to commerce, how could he do such a thing to destroy the Great Wall?
Of course, when it comes to the edict, Li Yi also has to sigh that the ancients were not stupid at all. Later generations always felt that the ancients emphasized agriculture and suppressed business, which was purely a matter of concept, but in fact it was not. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was very powerful, but the country was too big, and he really couldn't find a way to levy taxes that could not only benefit the country from commerce, but also make a steady stream of water.
"Of course it doesn't work." Li Yi shook his head and relieved Mi Zhu's heart again.
The final result of this decree was to beat the private merchants to death with a stick, causing the merchants to merge with the landlords and bureaucrats, giving rise to a large number of officials and businessmen, and finally becoming useless.
Neither the state nor the people can benefit from business activities, the government's finances are becoming more and more difficult, and the gap between the rich and the poor among the people is widening.
Putting aside the romantic or thrilling colors of the Age of Discovery, the Age of Discovery was actually a comprehensive commercial expansion that began like a competition among European countries.
Li Yi's plan to fully implement the new policy in Hebei was formulated on this basis, and if he wanted to use it to dominate the pattern of China in the next few hundred or even thousands of years, how could he be so eager for quick success?
Business is the only way to get wealth out of circulation. And wealth is like water, it will flow more and more. A pool of stagnant water will only gradually die.
"As long as you set a reasonable tax rate, it's not so difficult to accept, right?" Of course, Li Yi can't solve the problems that the previous heroes of China can't solve, so he can only try to come up with a reasonable way.
As soon as Li Yi's words fell, Guo Yuan expressed a different opinion, he said: "My lord, but businessmen are profit-seeking, if no one denounces them and does not strictly supervise them, even if they are registered, the registered values may not be reliable." The tax rate is already low, and if there is tax evasion and evasion, the taxes collected by the local yamen workers may outweigh the losses. ”
Guo Yuan is a very standard reader, and his understanding of business is not much higher than that of Shang Ying.
Moreover, as the general of Tuntian Zhonglang, who is in charge of the affairs of Tuntian, which is now the second capital of Hebei Province, with an area of up to 10 million square kilometers, Guoyuan's eyes are naturally on agriculture, so he always feels that encouraging business is not a proper business. Although some conveniences could be enjoyed during wartime, when the war was over, commerce would eventually have to take a back seat and bring the national policy back on the right track of heavy agriculture. In his opinion, Li Yi's previous decree should have been prepared for this.
Li Yi distinguished between businessmen and bureaucrats, and strictly forbade officials and their families from doing business, so Guoyuan never paid much attention to commercial changes. But today, it seems that the lord is seriously discussing the feasibility of establishing a commercial law, so he has to cheer up and pour a few basins of cold water on the lord.
"What Zini said is very true." Wang Xiu echoed, "The profit of a businessman does not lie in keeping a business at home, but in running around and running outside. If he wants to avoid taxes, he can stay away all the year round and never return, so how can he count his business income in the place where his hometown is located? Make it tax-paid? ”
Among the staff of the General's Mansion, in terms of internal affairs, in addition to Kou Zhun, Tian Feng, Xun Yu and others, they are the oldest with the qualifications of Guoyuan and Wang Xiu, who followed Li Yi in the second year of Zhongping (185 AD), and are considered to be the first batch of talents to serve under Li Yi.
Therefore, as soon as these two people opened their mouths, they said a long-established opinion, and the atmosphere suddenly changed. Except for Kou Zhun, Tian Feng and other people who are ranked in Jiuqing and have begun to pay attention to their identities, everyone else is nodding, and there are not a few people who are eager to speak. (To be continued.) )