In the history of later generations, people call the period of the late eighties and early nineties of the 18th century as the golden period of revolution, during which revolutions broke out in many countries, either anti-feudal capitalist revolutions, or internationalist revolutions directly matured by the Tang Dynasty, and in 1791 it was the period of high incidence of revolution.

The revolution in Brazil erupted with modest momentum and began to continue tepidly, and unlike the Germans who fought their brains on the banks of the Elbe, the battle between the Brazilians and the Portuguese was more akin to petty fighting, with a shot thrown at random, rushing and punching, and finally the side that could not hold out broke and fled, not necessarily the revolutionary army or the colonial army. In fact, this is also in line with the characteristics of military warfare in most relatively backward areas, and in fact, only the Germans and the Japanese, who are particularly serious, exert too much force when tearing up.

In addition to the revolutionary processes in Germany and Brazil, the most remarkable revolution of 1791 was the French Revolution. From the official outbreak of the Revolution in 1789 to the present, the situation in France has been turbulent. By June of 1791, he had lost all faith in the revolution and was planning to flee Paris.

On February 28, 1791, when rumors spread that the king was in danger, hundreds of young nobles went to the palace for protection, clashed with the National Guard guarding the palace, and some nobles were beaten and insulted, much to Louis XVI's anger. On 18 April, Louis XVI attempted to travel to a castle on the outskirts of Paris. In order to celebrate Easter with the priests who refused to take the oath, but at the gates of the Palace of Tierry it was surrounded by a large crowd of citizens. In the end, he failed to leave. After this incident, Louis XVI strengthened his determination to flee.

In the middle of the night on June 20, members of the royal family slipped out of the palace one by one through hidden passages, disguised as disguises. However, Lafayette and the then mayor of Paris, Bailly, unexpectedly came to the palace to talk to Louis XVI, forcing the king to postpone his departure. Fersen put them in the prepared carriage and left them at Bondi, on the outskirts of Paris. By this time they were two hours behind schedule.

The king's younger brother, the Count of Provence (later Louis XVIII), also fled lightly that night and managed to escape into Brussels. Louis XVI was overjoyed after escaping Paris. Didn't even bother to hide yourself. He even got out of the car many times to talk to the villagers in the neighborhood. The king had been recognized several times before reaching St. Mnould, but he was shocked and suspicious but did not react.

However, by the time the carriage reached Chalon-sur-Marne, it was three hours behind schedule, and the cavalry that was supposed to meet the king outside the city clashed with the local peasants, and it was suspected that the king had not succeeded in escaping from Paris and had largely evacuated.

The party arrived at the inn of St. Mnould in the evening, where the stationmaster, Drouet, also recognized the king and informed the city council after the carriage had left, who sent Drouet after him. Druet preempted the king and reached Varennes, thirty or forty miles from Montmedy. This amazing news was conveyed.

Varenna sounded the alarm and stopped the king's party. At first, the acting mayor promised to help the king, who had recognized his identity, leave, but after discussion by the city council decided to stall for time. The National Guard was ordered to stand by and call for help from nearby towns. Bouille's cavalry then arrived, but were unable to rescue the king.

On the morning of 21 June, news of the king's escape spread in Paris. Before leaving, Louis XVI left a statement on his desk, denouncing the Constituent Assembly for stripping the Crown of diplomatic, military and local administrative powers, and declaring null and void all decrees he had approved after 23 June. General Lafayette and the Constituent Assembly sent men in quick pursuit.

In the face of the crisis, the Constituent Assembly reached unprecedented unity. The exercise of executive power was initiated by decree, and at the same time emergency preparations were ordered to begin throughout France.

In the early morning of June 22, the emissaries from Paris arrived in Varennes. The local city council did not hesitate to obey the orders of the Constituent Assembly. Louis XVI and his entourage, accompanied by thousands of National Guardsmen, set off for Paris. Along the way, people came from all directions, and the carriage slowly marched towards Paris. Three delegates sent by the Constituent Assembly met the King in the Marne Valley to accompany the royal family to Paris on 25 June.

Soon after, Louis XVI, under pressure from the Constituent Assembly, officially declared France a constitutional monarchy and adopted the 1791 Constitution. Louis XVI's personal freedom has been completely restricted, and he has been completely reduced to the role of a rubber stamp. And this exodus also made the radicals in French politics begin to question the existence of Louis XVI and the French royal family, believing that Louis XVI should be deposed and France should be completely republican. Interestingly, the French National Revolution, which was supposed to be the most staunch, did not explicitly support the overthrow of the French royal family in the revolution.

France was in the throes of the revolution, the country was in turmoil, the economy was in a downturn, and the French colonies were by no means peaceful at this time. In 1791, the year of the Revolution, both French American colonies rebelled.

The largest and most powerful is the Haitian Revolution, located in the Caribbean Sea, and the island of Haiti, which is one of the two largest islands in the Caribbean along with Cuba Island in the hands of the Tang Dynasty, with a French colony on the west and Dominica, one of the few remaining colonies of the Spaniards, on the east. Originally, the Spaniards colonized the entire island, but the French gradually occupied the dominant position in the western colonies by immigrating to the west side of the island, and seized Haiti from Spain through a treaty, which was now called Saint-Domingo.

After the aborigines of the island became extinct due to infectious diseases, the French began to transport large numbers of blacks to the island through the slave trade as the main labor force. Due to the economic needs of Haiti's colonial plantation economy, large numbers of black slaves were forced into heavy and brutal manual labor. Before the outbreak of the Haitian Revolution, Santo Domingo was divided into three classes according to skin color and ancestry, with the dominant white colonists, followed by mestizos, free blacks, and black slaves at the bottom.

Violent clashes continued between white plantation owners and black slaves. Fugitive slaves hid in the forests, formed a certain organization, and repeatedly violently attacked white plantation owners.

In October 1790, Auger, the mestizo leader of Santo Domingo, led 700 mestizos and free blacks to wage an armed uprising near Cap-Haïtien in order to fight for citizenship. In March of the following year, Auger was killed by the colonial authorities. The armed uprising led by Auger opened the Haitian Revolution.

(To be continued.) )