Li Jingshan's face still retains the bright red color of a northern girl. Pen? Interesting? Pavilion wWw. ｂiquge。 infoThe moonlight shines on her unique skin, giving it a shell-like sheen.

"How warm." Zhang Peilun hugged Li Jingshan.

"I'm born to be warm."

"It's already cold in the morning and evening, isn't it?"

Zhang Peilun knew that although her black eyes looked like half-open, they were actually closed thick eyelashes, but he still took a closer look.

Li Jingshan knew that her husband was watching her, and she had always enjoyed his love, even though he was nineteen years older than her.

Zhang Peilun is now 42 years old and has been married twice. His first two wives were also from famous families. The first wife was Zhu Zhixiang, the daughter of Zhu Xueqin, the daughter of Dali Siqing and the military machine Zhang Jing -- this Mr. Zhu Xueqin was a native of Yuhang, Zhejiang Province, who was admitted to the Jinshi examination at the age of 30, entered the Hanlin Academy, and entered the household department. For more than ten years, he won the trust of Prince Jing and assisted him in handling a large number of government affairs. The people of the time called it: "The voice is very hot, and the foreign officials are fighting for its door." Zeng Bohan said: "When you learn enough to talk about the ancients, when you are talented enough, you will also be a heavy tool for the pivot." It's a pity that he died early, Tongzhi died in the thirteenth year, otherwise it is very likely that he will be like Cao Yuying and Xu Gengshen (the other two of "Sizhangjing"), and he will be promoted to the military aircraft department. And Zhang Peilun and Miss Zhu got married, a few years after he became a jinshi, counting, at most four years of the gap, Zhang Peilun did not touch the first old Taishan any light.

Zhang Peilun's steproom, Bian Cuiyu, is Bian Baoquan's daughter. Mr. Bian belongs to the Xia military of the eight "Jinyi" departments. He was a scholar in the second year of Tongzhi, from Shaanxi Province to the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, a dignified and upright feudal official, in charge of his own affairs, more prominent than Zhu Xueqin. But his daughter died in the twelfth year of Guangxu, which made it a tragedy for the white-haired man to send the black-haired man.

After the death of Mrs. Bian, Zhang Peilun has not been able to renew the strings. As we all know, in ancient Middle-earth, if a woman married twice and ended in the death of her husband, then she must bear the notoriety of "Kefu" and "White Tiger Star descending to earth", and it is estimated that it will be a little difficult to find a third husband. The same applies to men. Speaking of which, Zhang Peilun's life is also tough enough, after killing two beautiful relatives, he can also meet Li Jingshan, the beloved daughter of Li Shaoquan, the governor of Zhili, who is "better than Wei and Shi, only in the same class, left, virtuous as Bao, Meng, and skillfully seizing the spirit and Yun", although she is a little older (Li Jingshan was twenty-three years old at the time, according to the old customs, she is already an old girl), but in terms of quality, family background, and then compared with Zhang Peilun's middle-aged widow, how to calculate this marriage, it is the man who takes a big advantage.

Zhang Peilun's official is now the official of the Imperial History, the Bachelor's Lecturer, and the Prime Minister's Yamen of National Affairs, and now he is the secretary of the three grades to handle coastal defense affairs. The three-grade position is not small for the classical intellectuals who "learn and excel", but it does not match the current prestige of Zhang Peilun who is as high as the day of the sky.

During the years of Tongzhi and Guangxu, there were "two Zhang" with the same name, they were both from Zhili and good friends, one was Zhang Peilun, and the other was Zhang Zhidong. The latter one is more than ten years older, and the family name is earlier, but when the two are beautiful, it is difficult to distinguish between them. In the seventh year of Guangxu, Zhang Zhidong jumped out of the political whirlpool of the capital and served as the governor of Jin Province.

Both of them were born in Jinshi, and they were bachelors, shaking the times with their stamps. At that time, there was the reputation of "Hanlin Four Advices", in addition to these two, there were also Bo clan Baoting and Chen Baozhen. The people of the time who did good things added Deng Zaixiu, nicknamed "Iron Man", to it, and they were collectively called the "Five Tigers". In addition to a few of the people who were famous for impeaching officials during this period, there were also Wu Dacheng and Liu Enpu. When these people formed a group, there was another way of saying it, called the "Qingliu Party". Among them, Zhang Peilun's limelight is very strong.

The contemporaries once commented that Zhang Peilun was "handsome and handsome, good at debating, and good at fighting." On the official Hanlin Day, he frequently wrote and played the officials of Beijing Province, and there were more seals than Taiwan admonitions. During the week, he always said that the ministers were indulgent and contemptuous of the two palaces. Just like the West Palace (Renxi) intentions, so what is said is not good, often impeachment people do not wait to be repeated, that is, the sin, the old is rare, the words are more and more expanded, the courtiers hold a clear opinion, and push Pei Lun as the main alliance. ”

In fact, the core of the leadership of the "Qingliu Party" is not Zhang Peilun, but Zhang Peilun's teacher, Li Gaoyang, a scholar of the university, a minister of military aircraft, and a native of Baoding Prefecture, who is known as the "Xiangguo Bachelor".

The people of the time said: "Li Gaoyang has a good reputation for the times, and all celebrities have risen because of it." In the early years of Guangxu, the words of the Taiwan were stacked on top of each other, and the number was Qingliu, which was actually the master of Hongzao. But Deng Zaixiu and Bian Baoquan had nothing to rely on. Every time Gao Yang entered, he asked about it, and if it was not right, he kowtowed and said: "Rong Chen thinks carefully." 'Retreat from the dynasty is to gather all the celebrities and secret merchants. The plan is set, and those who will talk about it in the near future will be on the line. Nanpi Zhang Zhidong, Fengrun Zhang Peilun is especially important. ”

"Zhang Zhidong, Chen Baozhen, and Zhang Peilun are the first to take the lead of the public (Li Gaoyang), and they have also obtained the consent of the public first."

There were more vivid accounts circulating at the time. Qingliu homonym is "green cow", there are cow heads, horns, tripe, bullwhips, and oxtails, which correspond to different levels of Qingliu party members. Niu Tou is the spiritual leader who guides the direction; Zhang Peilun and Zhang Zhidong are the double horns of the green ox, sharp and aggressive, specially used to touch people; Chen Baozhen is the tail of the ox, Baoting is the whip, Wang Yirong is the tripe, and the rest of the cowhide and hair are too many to count. Some people even come in to say that when it comes to important things, Li Gaoyang generally does not come forward, Zhang Peilun is the real bull head, the pair of horns on his head is no longer powerful, and if he is touched, he will suffer a huge injury.

Zhang Peilun once wrote a poem about his admonition: "To return five thousand miles, curse thirteen families." "It's very majestic. Some people counted the officials above the third rank who he impeached ten years ago in Guangxu, and there were as many as 21 people, "such as the squire He Shouci, Shang Shuwan Qingqui, and Dong Sui, all of whom were impeached." "Then there was also Wang Wenshao, an envoy to Russia, and a military minister. This number can be said to be incomparable among the bureaucrats who are not in the imperial history category in ancient and modern times.

Not only was Wang Wenshao, an "oil-soaked loquat" impeached and dismissed by Zhang Peilun, but even famous ministers like Chen Baozhen were also shot down by Zhang Peilun. Chen Baozhen was a well-known talent at that time. He is proficient in writing, military training, river management, education, and personnel relations. When he was in Zhili Dao, he participated in the trial of Wang Shuwen's case, which had already been decided, but when he was about to be sentenced, Wang Shuwen shouted that he was wronged, and this cry was so terrible that it alarmed the center, and the Criminal Department reviewed it and finally rehabilitated him. Naturally, the trial officials who will be tried will be subject to administrative sanctions, dismissal, or demotion. At that time, Chen Baozhen had already been promoted to Zhejiang Province according to the history of the investigation, and in accordance with the unspoken rules of the officialdom of the great cadres, he should be held accountable, and it should be stopped. Unless the two have an unsolvable feud. But in the ninth year of Guangxu, Zhang Peilun, who was the imperial history of the left deputy capital, had neither grievances nor enmity with the Chen family, but he still participated in a book, thinking that since Chen Baozhen participated in the interrogation, he should bear a certain amount of responsibility. As a result, the Qing court issued an edict to impose additional sanctions. Now Chen Baozhen quit, he said: "An official advances and retreats, as light as a millime, how can it be enough?" However, the imperial court entered the world with words awards, and the scholars did not want to be loyal to make up for the que, but they were angry and arrogant, and they were afraid of losing the country. I should not be sympathetic to myself, and I should listen to it. So he wrote a defense and bit back, "pushing the way of words to hijack the reason for Weifu." Both of them were stubborn, and the imperial court had no choice but to order Yan Danchu to investigate. Yan Danchu is a famous minister, pretentious with strengths, and a stubborn hard bone. But when he dealt with this dispute, he "solved it first" and blindly pounded the paste. In the end, Chen Baozhen was "demoted to three levels". Because he couldn't swallow this breath, he resigned angrily and let himself go among the mountains and rivers of Baiyun. Although Chen Baozhen directly complained to the supreme ruler about the evil deeds of "Yanlu" in the middle of the recital. But even so, the imperial court still stood on Zhang Peilun's side, and even people like Yan Danchu, who were not afraid of power, chose to compromise and retreat, and calmed down, Zhang Peilun's arrogance is really worthy of the reputation of "bull's horn" (Li Jingshan jokingly called it "rhinoceros horn").

Zhang Peilun's style of impeaching court officials can be summed up as "treating people and not doing things" -- the so-called "good fighting" naturally refers to attacking people. This is the opposite of Zhang Zhidong. The latter "talks about current affairs, not fighting", which can be described as "the right thing and not the right person". Contemporaries commented on these two ways of monitoring and correcting bullets, and most of them praised the latter. This is because only by judging things on a case-by-case basis and not subdividing who is in charge can we have the attitude of truly doing things, and only then can we push politics to a benign track. If we judge things in terms of people, just like looking at the world with a pair of colored glasses, only seeing the dark side but ignoring the bright side, focusing only on the strengths and weaknesses of people, but ignoring the progress of the situation, and biting whoever we have a grudge against, regardless of the good or bad things they do, it is very easy to fall into the intolerance of sectarian and socialist struggles. The ancients liked to say that "things are done because of people", which is indeed the last word, but it should not be dogmatic and rigid and applied to the wind admonition, and its evil consequences are often "bad things because of people".

However, commentators rated the two, and the balance of praise tilted in favor of Zhang Peilun. At that time, Zhang Zhidong had a total of 39 pieces of recitals and attachments, none of which were impeachment of others, and all of them were made for the sake of facts. This is also a miracle that can be matched with Zhang Peilun. And Zhang Zhidong was therefore saddled with the notoriety of "eunuch very good" and "very good at being an official". Indeed, Zhang Zhidong's impeachment style generally does not offend people; And Zhang Peilun's impeachment style will repeatedly offend people. Whether or not you care about offending people and how many people you offend is an important criterion for examining speech officials (the so-called "uprightness"), but it is not the whole criterion; The achievements of speech officials are judged not only by their virtues, but also by their insights and supplements on political affairs. The ancients put "morality" at the top of the evaluation figures, and Zhang Zhidong was reprimanded as "stupid and unswerving".

Someone said: "Among these people, I only admire two, and they are talents in the world." Zhang Xiaoda (Zhang Zhidong) is bold and has a myriad of weather, and he can be alone in the future, but he is more famous; Zhang Yunqiao (Zhang Peilun) is careful, brave and brave, and can take on big things, but unfortunately he is more aggressive. ”

In fact, "zealousness" is not only Zhang Peilun's shortcoming, but can even be expanded to almost the entire "Qingliu Party."

The Qingliu Party refers to a group of Beijing officials who served in the early years of Guangxu, especially in the Han Zhan Kedao, especially the former two as Sheng, based on the traditional Confucian concept, with the national interest as the appeal, and the song as the main tool, discussing state affairs, fighting for power, and giving full play to the supervisory function in the traditional system of the Central Plains Dynasty. It is also because these bureaucrats often act collectively to form a force of solidarity, so they are called the "Qingliu Party".

The reason why the party is fighting for the title of "Qingliu" is because they believe that the current government is rotten, the pivot of the system has collapsed, and it needs to be rectified and saved in the name of morality.

The prosperity of the "Qingliu Party" is, firstly, because of the general situation of "Tongguang Zhongxing", the imperial court must make a democratic posture of humbly accepting advice in order to create a prosperous era, and the morale is high and the way of speech is wide open; Second, because of the instigation of another kind of covert factional struggle -- that is, the "North-South Dispute" -- which is constantly cut down and chaotic -- has twisted a single and scattered Qingliu people into a rope that has the shape of a party and social organization; The third is because of the impetus of the Empress Dowager Renxi, who used the power of Qingliu to attack Prince Jing's family. As far as these most crucial reasons are concerned, the emergence of the clear stream has little direct connection with the spontaneous encouragement of Confucian morality. In the people of the time, there were few praises of "courtiers" and "gentlemen", and most of them believed that they sought a reputation for outspokenness by fighting the powerful; On the contrary, he spoke highly of the imperial rulers' ability to tolerate the ways and opinions of these people.

But the general low moral standards have both disadvantages and advantages - that is, they rarely suffer from moral illness and kill people in the name of morality.

The struggle between the north and the south of the Great Qian Empire, the regional dispute, just like regional discrimination, was a peculiar phenomenon in the political history of the Central Plains Dynasty. Roughly speaking, the representative of the Northern School, that is, Li Gaoyang, the bull head of the "Qingliu Party"; The representative of the Southern School, Shen Guifen in the early stage, Weng Shuping in the later period, a group of celebrities gathered under the Weng family, such as Sheng Yu, Wang Renkan, Wen Tingshi, Zhang Jizhi, etc., also has a name called "Nanqingliu".

Within the "Qingliu Party," there are both Xia and Bo people, and their criteria for impeachment are not necessarily implicated in the demarcation of central and local powers and interests. As for the dispute between the Westernists and the conservatives, Qingliu intervened slightly, and his posture was quite ambiguous. In the struggle between the Westernists and the conservatives, their ideological stance should be closer to the latter. But the "closeness" here is close to expediency. For example, Chen Baozhen's "Six Twists and Turns in Stressing Western Affairs" has clearly pointed out that the only way to enrich the country and strengthen the army is to "stress foreign affairs," and it is also suggested that personnel should be selected to go abroad for investigation and grasp the "mountains, rivers, politics, religion, local customs, and people's feelings" of various countries, so as to avoid "being hasty and uncertain about things." Zhang Peilun not only admitted that "the times are difficult, but the Western-style affairs are the main end", but also completely agreed with the Western-style idea of changing the law, emphasizing the need to "adopt the Western method to make enemies of the Westerners", and believed that "the effect of the change of the law, in the long run, is as fast as the martial arts to try foreign guns." Zhang Zhidong has repeatedly pointed out that "the monks outside the Saiwai, Taixi are clever and skillful, and they are all available for me to plan for my legacy", so he "is quite a matter of learning from the West to get rich and strong" in real activities. The Qing school is not only a speaker of advice, but also a practitioner of direct handling of foreign affairs. For example, Wu Dacheng founded the Machinery Bureau in Ji Province, and Zhang Zhidong prepared for the establishment of iron mines in Jin Province, all of which promoted the development process of the Westernization Movement.

When Zhang Peilun was appointed as the prime minister's national affairs yamen, he gladly accepted it, unlike the old school leader Hu Yin, who was tricked by Prince Jing and received a similar appointment, his performance at that time was to cry bitterly, and he felt that he was not guaranteed in his later years, so he was forced to resign from all posts on the grounds of recuperation. Zhang Zhidong was even more slippery, when he was in the capital, he regarded himself as a clear stream, and his attitude towards the Westernization movement was extremely cautious; After serving as the governor of Jin Province, he talked about foreign affairs and let go of foreign affairs, thus becoming the backbone of the Westernization faction. Of course, Deng Zaixiu, one of the "Five Tigers", had a strong bad feeling for the Westernization Movement, but it was only a minority.

As a matter of fact, the opposition of the "Qingliu Party" to Westernization is only superficial at best, and they are more opposed to Westernist officials -- that is, their spearhead is aimed at people rather than things. Their choice is closely related to the dispute between the north and the south, and the dispute between the Empress Dowager Renxi and Prince Jing. Among these two pairs of contradictions, Qingliu is too deeply involved. In short, in the dispute between the north and the south, Qingliu was close to the northern faction, and Li Gaoyang, the common core of the northern faction and the "Qingliu Party", was conservative and hostile to foreign affairs; Correspondingly, Prince Jing, as the leader of the Westernization faction, has always cared for the southern faction, and he values Shen Guifen, but he does not like Li Gaoyang. In the same way, it can be seen how Qingliu will stand in the battlefield where the Empress Dowager Renxi and Prince Jing are fighting. Of course, compared with the Northern faction, the relationship between the "Qingliu Party" and the Empress Dowager Renxi is more complicated.

Zhang Peilun's father's name was Zhang Yintang, and he was an envoy to Anhui Province, and he once fought side by side with Li Shaoquan against the Shengping Army and the Silk Army. Li Shaoquan once was full of affectionate memories: "Fangjianghuai is boiling, Dujun (Zhang Yintang) and Shaoquan lead thousands of soldiers, rugged in the time of disturbance, Jun every time from Dongguan to Luzhou, rut through Yulisha, or parting ways to fight, soldiers meet between arrows and stones, often and horses and soldiers, spirited together, mutual encouragement and hard work. Yu said that the ancient legend of perseverance and burden-bearing, the king of his people. Later, Zhang Yintang died in the Jiangsu and Zhejiang military brigades, and the epitaph was written by Li Shaoquan (to paraphrase the current paragraph, Zhang and Li "carried a gun together", belonging to one of the four iron buddies, and they are friends of life and death). Zhang Peilun called Li Shaoquan "Uncle Shi", and when Li Jingshan first saw Zhang Peilun, he wanted to call him "Brother Shi" -- the two families were actually world friends. In the fifth year of Guangxu, Zhang Peilun left Beijing to move his mother's coffin to Suzhou, and Li Shaoquan came to pay respects. Zhang Peilun wrote in his diary: "Shen Ke, Hefei (Li Shaoquan) came to pay respects. Fake platinum thousand taels for the needs of the funeral. He also appointed the four brothers to donate to the bureau as gentlemen, and received 36 gold per month. The durability of the friendship in the past life is like this, and the orphan is really sad and sad. (To be continued.) )