Roosevelt commissioned an intermediary to secretly persuade Hirst, but it turned out to be self-defeating, and the old spicy Hearst did not accept this, but immediately made the behind-the-scenes deal that Roosevelt was trying to do: "If Mr. Roosevelt is willing to state that he is not an internationalist, he should tell this publicly, not to me personally...... If, of course, he does not have the courage to speak out openly for fear of the election, but at the same time he wants to be a good man in private—to be a good man to everyone, or rather to some and Judas to others—then, of course, he has neither the public nor the personal trust. ”

Hearst's revelations were a fatal blow to Roosevelt, and he had to give an account to the public as soon as possible. After some preparations, Roosevelt delivered a speech to Hearst in New York on 2 February, in which he first comprehensively reviewed the history of the development and evolution of the League of Nations, saying, "Today's League of Nations is no longer Woodrow? Wilson envisioned the League of Nations. Over the years, the main role of the League of Nations has ceased to be no overriding goal of world peace, but only a meeting place to discuss the political difficulties of the European countries. Under such circumstances, the United States should not participate in such discussions. Over the years, the League of Nations has not moved along the path that its founders had envisioned, and its key member States have not made arrangements to divert the huge sums of money spent on the armed forces to legitimate trade, balanced budgets and debt servicing. Because of these facts, the United States' participation in the League of Nations does not serve the highest goal of preventing war and resolving international difficulties in accordance with the basic convictions of the Americans. ”

He concluded his speech by declaring: "The noble ideals of the United States require us to strictly follow the principles of Washington, to maintain our rationale in the international arena, and at the same time to be willing to provide guidance to poor humanity." ”

Roosevelt, unwilling to put him at risk at the beginning of the campaign, quickly abandoned his February 2 position and began to unreservedly support the reduction of taxes on agricultural products and the cessation of the protection of American industry, but at the same time he refused to abandon his idea of reciprocal trade altogether. To the astonishment of his campaign team, he was even prepared to "knead together" these two completely incomparable ideas and put them in his campaign speech. As a result, some accused Roosevelt of being "a chameleon."

While Roosevelt was doing everything he could to deal with Hearst, another "uncrowned king" of the press, the liberal Walter ? Lippmann launched a new round of attacks on him. In a series of articles in the New York Herald Tribune, he argued that Roosevelt's actions had amply demonstrated his ability to evade explicit statements, because he "belonged to a new generation of postwar politicians who did not express their views explicitly unless they were compelled to do so." Lippmann claimed that even Roosevelt himself did not know whether Roosevelt was inclined to the left or the right, "He was a very impulsive politician who did not have a firm grasp of the affairs of the state, and did not have firm convictions." …… He is neither a spokesman for the people nor an enemy of the rich. He was just a pleasant guy who wanted to be president despite not having what it was. ”

The famous critic can be said to have pointed to Roosevelt's sore spot. Other liberals were even more ferocious, with the New Republic magazine claiming that Roosevelt "was by no means superior in insight and perseverance." "Oswald, editor of the weekly magazine Nation? Garrison? In an open letter to Roosevelt, Villard wrote: "Americans have always believed that there will be leaders in extraordinary times to keep the American system afloat, but you have disappointed us. ”

A glance at the issues of the weekly magazine "The Nation" before the Benjamin Party Congress reveals all sorts of anti-Roosevelt rhetoric: "He has aroused no real enthusiasm as a candidate." ”

"Let him be a presidential candidate, and things will not improve."

"There is little evidence that the people supported Roosevelt as leader."

"Weak and powerless, ready to compromise."

"For a weak, compromised man like Roosevelt to succeed Hoover as president at this critical juncture would have been devastating, because people mistakenly believed him to be an enlightened man."

"The typical liar propagandist."

"If Roosevelt is really elected, 100 million people will have a net worth of lives."

Despite this, on July 1, 1932, Roosevelt was elected president of the Ming Cook Party with 945 votes.

In order to win the election, Roosevelt went to great lengths to make a speaking tour across the United States, and Cincinnati was one of the most important stops.

"A president doesn't have to be an acrobat! We didn't choose him because he could do front or back rolls! What he is doing is mental work, and he is trying to find ways to benefit the people! ”

“…… As humanity emerges from every crisis, every calamity, every calamity, they become more knowledgeable, morally nobler, and purpose-pure. And today is an era of lax thinking and moral depravity, an era of selfishness...... We should not just blame the political axe, but also ourselves. The men and women of the country, who have been forgotten in the political philosophy of the political axe in recent years, look forward to a more rational distribution of the nation's wealth with leadership. In the countryside and in the cities, millions of our compatriots hope from the bottom of their hearts that their former way of life and ideological norms will not be lost, and this hope will not and should not be disappointed. I assure you that I swear to implement the 'New Deal' for the American people. Let us all those who are gathered here be advocates of the fruitful and courageous new order of the future. This is not only a political campaign, but also a call to fight. Please help me, not only to win votes, but to help me win in this crusade that will return the United States to his own people. ”

Roosevelt's speech caused the crowd to once again erupt in applause and cheers.

Looking at the cheering crowd, Roosevelt's heart was also excited, but he did not show the slightest expression on the surface.

After finishing his successful speech, Roosevelt returned to his hotel, where he was just about to rest, when a congressman appeared in his room.

Seeing this messenger who only he knew was from Wall Street, Roosevelt felt a little unhappy, but he still had an amiable smile on his face.

At this critical time in the campaign, he never wants anyone to know what kind of relationship he has with Wall Street.

"Your speech was a great success, Mr. President." The congressman smiled and held out his hand to congratulate Roosevelt.

"Not yet, hehe." Roosevelt smiled and reached out to shake his hand.

"Soon it will be." The councillor said nonchalantly, settling down on the couch and lighting a cigar.

"President Hoover hasn't quit the game yet, but he can't hold out for long. You know why, Mr. Roosevelt. The councillor pleasantly spat out the smoke ring and said.

Roosevelt understood why congressmen said this, and Hoover could now say that the embattled situation was ostensibly due to the Great Depression, but in fact it was caused by his refusal to be at the mercy of Wall Street bigwigs and his attempt to break with Wall Street.

And the reason why Roosevelt appeared so aggressively and aggressively is of course related to the support behind Wall Street.

"And your speech will be the straw that breaks the camel's back." The congressman looked at Roosevelt with a smile, "These speeches are really wonderful, really." ”

Listening to the congressman's praise, Roosevelt pretended to smile modestly and said: "Hoover's misconduct has been widely condemned, and it has also deepened the impression that people are ruthless and ruthless like him." I will never be like him. ”

To date, Roosevelt has delivered a total of 12 major long speeches and 53 short speeches. As a veteran campaigner, he still confined each speech to one important issue for the specific situation of his location, so that he could have struggled to address a variety of different topics: tariff policy, agricultural planning, public utilities, financial disclosure, regulation of securities operations, poverty eradication, and so on. He does not take a straightforward stance on many issues, but tries to leave as much leeway as possible in order to put himself in a solid position that is not vulnerable to attack.

Roosevelt was particularly shrewd in that all of his speeches ran through the red thread of emphasizing the necessity and urgency of changing the status quo by attacking the Hoover axe. He was harshly criticized on many fronts of Hoover's political axe, with Roosevelt criticizing Hoover for encouraging speculation and overproduction through his hypocritical economic policies; Hoover's axe vigorously underestimated the severity of the Great Depression, falsely blaming other countries for the collapse of the economy and refusing to acknowledge and correct domestic ills; Delays in disbursing relief and forgetting to implement reforms.

In response to Roosevelt's accusations, Hoover also launched a powerful counterattack. He has delivered nine important speeches. He believed that the Great Depression had been fueled by circumstances and things beyond his control - the aftermath of the world war, economic overinflation, speculation, the collapse of the European economy in 1931, and the consequent financial impact and decline in consumption. He repeatedly reaffirmed to the population his fundamental beliefs: that the federal axe could not be expanded, that there was orderly individualism and equal opportunities. He focused his fire on what he called "radicalism, collectivism, and random experimentation" in Roosevelt's platform, claiming that they would lead to "a [***] bureaucracy that exterminates freedom, hope, and opportunity." ”

Hoover, who successfully distributed relief to Europe's 150 million people more than 10 years ago and was seen as a savior by Europeans, is now adamantly opposed to any direct political axe. In the midst of the nation's hunger, he had reporters take pictures of him feeding his dogs on the White House lawn. Everywhere Hoover went on the campaign, people responded with boos, screams, anger, blank silence, rotten eggs, tomatoes, and slogans such as "Hang Hoover" and "Down with the murderer." "Hoover is a veteran's murderer!" "Hoover gave billions of dollars to bankers for nothing and shot and killed veterans!" So much so that a veteran White House agent told reporters: "From Theodore? Since the Roosevelt era, I have traveled with presidents, and I have never seen anyone booing the president like this, going out into the streets in droves to make contemptuous gestures to the president. It's ugly. ”

For Hoover, his downfall was inevitable.

"I've traveled a lot of places, and they've all been almost unconditionally supportive." "You will undoubtedly become the new president of the United States," the congressman said. ”

"It's a bit early to say that." Roosevelt said, "When there is an accident......

"There will be no surprises." The congressman interrupted Roosevelt rudely, "With our help, you can rest assured." ”

"I can win the election myself, and too much help is harmful." Roosevelt was a little annoyed, but he still said to the Wall Street envoy with a calm look.

"Okay then." The councillor realized that he was a little carried away, smiled and nodded, "I won't bother you until you really become president, unless there are very special circumstances." ”

"Thank you." Roosevelt smiled mildly and replied.

"Then I'll go first." The congressman snuffed out the cigarette butt in the ashtray on the table and stood up, "By the way, by the way, how do you plan to solve the 'gold trouble' (alluding to the gold standard' after you become president?" ”

"Under the threat of crisis and recession, people are the easiest to compromise, unity is the most easily broken, public opinion is most easily misguided, and social attention is most easily distracted," Roosevelt smiled and said. ”

"Since you say so, then I understand." The congressman laughed happily, ostensibly having gotten the assurances he wanted from Roosevelt.

"Then I will take my leave, and I wish you all the best, Mr. President." The congressman got dressed and put on his top hat and held out his hand to Roosevelt again, and Roosevelt shook him and sent him out the door.

Roosevelt seemed relieved when the congressman left, and he returned to his room to continue to organize his speech.

As the congressmen had said, Roosevelt's election was almost a no-brainer. Roosevelt won 472 votes in 48 states. Hoover, the "outcast president" (Time magazine quipped him), received only 59 votes. Since Lincoln defeated McClellan by a vote of 212 to 21, no one in the history of the two parties has won such a big victory. In 1933, Roosevelt defeated Hoover by a landslide and became the 32nd president of the United States.

Saturday, March 4, 1933, was Roosevelt's swearing-in. The clouds and cold rain in Washington seem to be a metaphor for the Great Depression in the United States.

When the Capitol Hill bell rang 12, Franklin? Draenau? Roosevelt finally became the 32nd president of the United States.

On this very day, many Americans lived in the primitive conditions of the pre-industrial Holodomor era. People who have been evicted from their landlords and cut off from their gas, water and electricity have joined the nation's wandering horde. "They are like wrecked boats, drifting here and there, looking around and discouraged. Among them were decent and honest middle-aged men, poor and tired, with wrinkled faces; Some were young men, with long hair, who never washed them; They traveled through the city and town, either by railroad wagons or by private cars. These homeless and desperate American citizens have traveled all over the United States. When it was cold, they gathered in the major cities, they were hungry and cold, they ran into walls everywhere, their stomachs were empty, their prospects were bleak, they were distraught, and they were running around. However, such a scene is only a realistic portrayal of a small part of the unfortunate. Millions more have been spared death simply because they are willing to live like animals. ”

The Great Depression caused serious harm to the population, family, education, morality, faith, and living standards of the United States. Among the millions of vagabonds, plagues, diseases, and crimes were rampant. In order to make ends meet, some girls often risk pregnancy and sell themselves for 10 cents once. "Unemployment and loss of income have devastated countless families, leaving them depressed, losing their self-esteem, destroying their productivity and employability, and separating couples, parents and children, temporarily or permanently. Many families have barely maintained their appearances, but the peace and harmony of the past have disappeared with the collapse of morality, and all kinds of invisible wounds have left an imprint on the psyche of each member of the family that will not be healed for many years. ”

People's resentment against the current situation and political axes has reached a critical point of saturation, "there is a strong sense of suspension, a melancholy irritability, and anything can happen." When a town's bank goes bankrupt, depositors don't show anger but feel that their community has fallen victim to a situation that is spreading like some terrible disease. Many Americans are frustrated with the current two-party system, and the people's frustration with the authorities is poured out in all kinds of ruthless, cold, vitriol, and bitter spontaneous ways.

And it was under such circumstances that Roosevelt succeeded him as president of the United States.

The famous American writer, one of the advisers to President Roosevelt during World War II, and the one who drafted many important speeches? Sherwood writes: "It is impossible for any playwright in the world to be in charge of the fate of the world more than Franklin could have designed the home of a president, or a new reader, a new savior." Draenau? Roosevelt's appearance was even better...... Herbert? One of Hoover's plays leaves a wide path for the following scenes. ”

(To be continued)