Chapter 534: Engels' Plan
The spring breeze has gradually blown up, and the weather has gradually warmed up. The land of North China, after the turbulent winter and the splashing of Mars, gradually quieted down.
After Kaifeng staged a good show of "Heavenly Father descends to earth, and the king of the east ascends to heaven", Hong Xiuquan conveniently named Li Kaifang, the king of Yong, as the main general of the expedition to the north, Li Xiu, the king of Fengzhong, became the chief general of the expedition to the west, Zhang Lexing, the king of Fengyu (who did not die in Sima Town but fled) as the chief general of the horse army, and Yang Fuqing, the king of Fengfu, as the chief general of the expedition to the south. He also asked Wang Lin Fengxiang to be the main general of the expedition. It can be regarded as swallowing up most of Yang Xiuqing's strength. However, Hu Yihuang, Lin Qirong, Yang Yiqing, Yang Xiucong, Huang Wenjin, Chen Yucheng, Wang Haiyang and other generals of the East Hall system voted for Zhu Ming, and they were all named marquis and earl. It can be said that he has kept the wealth of himself and his descendants.
And the generals such as Li Kaifang, Zhang Lexing, and Lin Fengxiang, who followed the Heavenly Father's Lord God's True God and True Divine Decree (originally Yang Xiuqing's title and now belongs to Hong Xiuquan), and Hong Xiuquan, the true holy lord of the Heavenly King, continued to work in the revolution, as well as the two kings of the north and south who had just been promoted to the Left Auxiliary Army Division and the Right Auxiliary Army Division, were busy withdrawing the troops and families of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom east of Shaanxi to the northwest these days. At the same time, the capital of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was moved from Luoyang to Xi'an, and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom system of rule was established in Shaanxi Province and parts of Gansu Province. It took a lot of effort just to settle the hundreds of thousands of troops who had come from the Kanto region (east of Hanya Pass).
After March, when the news of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom's crushing defeat in the Central Plains spread throughout Shaanxi and Gansu provinces, the local suppressed gentry, H Sect, and the remnants of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, who had been forced to pinch their noses and submit to the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, began to stir up. For a while, the two provinces of Gansu and Shaanxi had an atmosphere of mountain rain coming and the wind was full of buildings, and a chaos seemed to be brewing again.
In the Central Plains, Zhu Jishi, who successfully expelled the power of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, inherited a territory that was in ruins. The successive wars in the Central Plains have exhausted the entire region. What's more, the ineffective rule of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom left much of the Central Plains in a state of anarchy for a long time. A variety of places are flooded with sediment. It is not easy to establish effective rule in a short period of time.
The hundreds of thousands of troops of the Northern Expedition could only divide up to pacify the localities. When the four provinces of the Central Plains were recovered this time, the local power of the original Manchu Qing Dynasty basically ceased to exist, and the local power of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was basically ineffective, and most of them followed Hong Xiuquan to withdraw to Shaanxi and Gansu. Therefore, the Zhu Ming court did not have the original administrative system to use at all, so it had to implement short-term military management over the four provinces of the Central Plains.
The imperial decree on the military administration of the Central Plains was officially issued in early March, and Miao Peilin was transferred to the governor and governor of Henan, and the Miao army took over the civil affairs of Henan, and at the same time abolished the Huaibei Province. Restore the borders of the four provinces of Sulu, Henan, and Anhui at the end of the Qing Dynasty. Ren Yijiang concurrently served as the governor of Shanxi, and was in charge of Shanxi with the Sixth Army of the Army. Huang Zhisheng concurrently served as the governor of Zhili, and took over the civil affairs of Zhili with the Third Army of the Army. Lin Ruzhou served as the governor of Shandong, and used the forest system to train the army and manage Shandong. At the same time, a post was set up to stay in Beijing, and Zhu Yuanshan, the Marquis of Min, guarded Beijing, and took care of the imperial mausoleum of Tianshou Mountain and the imperial gardens around Beijing.
At this time, the spring famine and spring ploughing had arrived at the same time, and tens of millions of peasants in Shandong, Shanxi, Henan, and Zhili provinces even had a problem with food rations. But it's better not to happen. In order to raise food to help the poor in the north, Zhu Jishi had to cancel the plan to worship and sweep the imperial tomb of Tianshou Mountain. He returned early to discuss with the Cabinet and the Constituent Assembly the matter of imposing temporary taxes on the southern provinces and speeding up immigration to the Northeast and Lanfang.
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"Jason, this is the agricultural collectivization system that I formulated after examining the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom's "Heavenly Dynasty Tianmu System". In fact, there is a big loophole in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom's "Chaotianmu System", they only implement the principle of GC doctrine on the issue of product distribution, but they still retain the characteristics of a small-scale peasant economy in agricultural production, so it is bound to fail. The way to improve this was to collectivize and set up collective farms. Farms should be based on the family unit and practice common labor, but in view of China's national conditions, it is still necessary to retain the family as the most basic unit of agricultural production. The land of the collective farm should be owned by the state, and a long-term lease contract was signed between the collective farm and the state. Then the land will be distributed equally to each family according to the population, and each family should own about 30 to 50 acres of land, which must be owned, and if it relies on three or five acres of land per capita, it will not be able to lift the peasants out of poverty in any case.
The managers of the collective farms should be elected by all adult members, exercise self-government, and should be in charge not only of production, but also of life and education, and the size of each farm should be about 100 households, and should have its own doctors, teachers, accountants, and a small shop to sell the necessities of life to its members, and large production tools and livestock such as cattle, horses, and wagons should be the property of the collective farm, and each household should have a corresponding share in the collective farm, so as to become the owner of the collective farm.
The collective farm should be a business organization to the outside world, and it must consider profits, which should be shared by all members, otherwise they will follow in the footsteps of Owen's farm (the collective farm founded by the utopian socialist Owen in the United States). Moreover, the State should set up a special body for the sale of the necessities of life to the collective farms at a fair price and for the purchase of the products of the collective farms at a suitable price......"
Engels the Great, who had just inspected the revolutionary movement of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in Henan, Zhili, Beijing, and other places, also returned to Yingtian and was a guest at Fort Maria, and he was also very enthusiastic about Zhu Jishi's "collectivization and colonization" and put forward a very advanced plan for "agricultural collectivization." Emperor Zhu listened with a serious face, and made notes in a small notebook from time to time.
Although he was in Jinan, he set the general direction of using collectivization to promote colonial development. But the general direction is one thing, and the specific approach is another. For example, the general direction of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom seems to be good, overthrowing the Manchu Dynasty, carrying out the agrarian revolution, carrying out collectivization, overthrowing the feudal scholars, and overthrowing the Confucian doctrine of suppressing thought...... All right. However, the result of implementation is not as good as the original Manchu Qing system, and it is inevitable that it will fail.
Therefore, when formulating specific plans, Zhu Jishi still used the old way - to listen to opinions from all walks of life. Although he is a dictatorial emperor, dictatorship and arbitrariness, and self-righteousness do not mean the same thing. The final decision is up to the emperor, but the opinions of all parties must be fully heard. In particular, Endashen, a professional who engages in GCISM, suggests that GCISM is essentially an economics, so Engels is definitely one of the most outstanding economists of this era. The collectivization and colonization plan he helped Zhu Jishi formulate was not only rigorous and feasible, but also fully took into account the actual situation in China, and also drew lessons from the failure of the "Heavenly Dynasty Tianmu System", which is indeed extremely valuable.
In Zhu Jishi's view, the plan proposed by Engels is really the best plan for the official to promote colonial development! It's much better than the guard system that Zhu Ming just implemented in the northeast - people are gods in the end, and the way they came up with is of course good. According to the guard system, the general soldier is in charge of both the army and the people, but after all, the general soldier is a military general, how can he know how to farm and do business? There are too many problems with the quasi-insurance. If the general army does not care about farming and lets the military households below toss it by themselves, then it will be easier to do it in the cooked land in eastern and western Liaoning, and if they want to expand further north, there will be no ready-made cultivated land, and a single peasant household will not be able to cultivate fields and build villages in the bitter cold land of the north. Only by uniting, working together, and working together can we have the possibility of success.
In addition, the most important thing is that the guard system can only be implemented on the territory firmly controlled by the Ming Dynasty, and you can't go to someone else's territory to build a guard house, right? It's going to be a war!
And Engels's collective farms could be used outside the territory of the Ming Dynasty. A collective farm is a business entity! Why couldn't the Ming company buy a piece of land somewhere in the western United States, Australia, Hawaii, or the South Seas, and build some collective farms there? (To be continued......)