In the Han Dynasty, the soldiers were similar to those of the Ming Dynasty, mainly the northern border army, and they were also in the northern border tuntian, except for the completion of the prescribed harvest, other harvests had to be handed over. D-M shows that the salaries of the soldiers of the Han Dynasty were either not there, and even if they did, they must be quite average.

The situation is similar to that of the Qin Dynasty.

But they don't have to spend their own money on food and clothing, for example, during the period of Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty, the clothes of a non-commissioned officer of the border guards were not less than 2,300 yuan a year, and as for crossbow arrows, armor, cotton clothes entering the Xiongnu area, etc., they had to be changed frequently. The Han Dynasty was really unambiguous in this area, and it did quite well, and of course, the expenses were very large. The border soldiers, the monthly food is three stones, three buckets and three liters, here one stone, is the Han Dynasty border guard soldiers food standard of the general rule, equivalent to about two stones, a year per person consumes an average of 40 stones, the cost of about 7,600 yuan.

However, a stone in the Han Dynasty and a stone in the Ming Dynasty can not be compared, during the Qin and Han dynasties, a liter was only about 340 grams, according to the standard algorithm of ten liters and a bucket, ten buckets and a stone, a stone in the Han Dynasty was only equivalent to seventy catties in later generations at most.

This is calculated according to the measurement system (one Hu = ten buckets = one hundred liters = one thousand hes = two thousand gong), if it is calculated according to the balance system (one stone = four jun, one jun = thirty catties, one catty = sixteen taels, one tael = twenty-four baht), according to the weight of the remaining five baht coins is about 3.5 grams, then one baht is about 0.7 grams, one pound is less than 270 grams, and one stone is almost more than 64 catties.

It can be seen that the soldiers of the Han Dynasty were given more than 2,400 catties of grain a year, which is equivalent to about 123 stone in the Ming Dynasty, that is, a little more than one stone per month, and the difference between the salary of the border army in the Ming Dynasty is still not big -- of course, there is not much difference in accordance with the regulations of the system, but the amount of money received is too far behind.

However, the salary of the soldiers of the Han Dynasty was only the basic salary, and the other income of the people was more, which was incomparable to the Ming Dynasty after Hongwu Yongle.

For example, Wei Qing beat the right Xian King, beheaded and captured more than 15,000 Xiongnu men and women, and then two out of Dingxiang, beheaded and captured more than 19,000 Xiongnu. These times, just rewarding the soldiers, they spent 200,000 catties of gold, a total of 200,000 yuan. And what was the annual serious treasury income of the Han Dynasty at that time? 400,000 only. ps: "Huan Tan Xinlun Taiping Yulan" records: "Since the Han Dynasty, the people have been endowed, more than 400,000 yuan at the age of one year, half of it is used by the officials, and the remaining 200,000 yuan is hidden in the capital for forbidden money. He did the work of the garden under the leadership of the Shaofu, 830,000 yuan, in order to provide all the rewards for the palace. ”

(There is some controversy about this, and there is a lot of evidence, so I will write about it below.) Those words don't cost money. ）

Mobei fought against the Xiongnu, the general Wei Qing attacked the Xiongnu, and made great achievements, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was happy and rewarded him with 200,000 catties of gold, equivalent to 200,000 yuan. Another great general, Huo Quai, attacked the Xiongnu, and his military exploits were even greater, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty rewarded him with 500,000 catties of gold, equivalent to 500,000 yuan!

These rewards are not for them, but for all the soldiers under their command, and of course, it is normal for officers to receive more.

(There may be people who have doubts about the amount of gold they have in the pile, and to be honest the author has doubts too.) It can be said that the Han Dynasty, especially the Western Han Dynasty, was the golden age in Chinese history, and that was really true -- this period was the most golden era in Chinese history. Later generations have had scholars have estimated the total amount of gold in the Western Han Dynasty, only clearly recorded, the Han Emperor Wu Emperor national gold reached one million catties, or 264 tons, above, the actual amount is probably more than 500 tons.

According to Zhao Yi's "Twenty-two Historical Notes", when Empress Lu died, the edict gave each of the princes and kings 1,000 catties of gold, and there were at least eleven vassal states at that time, that is, 10,000 catties of gold. Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty eliminated the Lu family and ascended the throne, and the five major heroes of Zhou Bo, Chen Ping, Guan Ying, Liu Zhang, and Liu Jie were awarded a total of 11,000 catties of gold. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty when Wei Qinghuo went sick to attack the Xiongnu, the whole army was given gold as high as 200,000 jin and 500,000 jin respectively, Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty inherited the throne with the support of Huo Guang and others, and gave Huo Guang and the king of Guangling 7,000 jin and 5,000 jin of gold after coming to power, and gave a total of 1,500 jin of gold to the princes and kings. By the end of Wang Mang's last years, despite the huge consumption of gold due to years of conquest and construction, there were still more than one million catties of gold in the government treasury.

500 tonnes is a huge number, and the total gold reserves of the ECB in 2009 were only 536.9 tonnes. It's just a large amount, and there is also a mystery that such a large amount of gold, after arriving in the Eastern Han Dynasty, suddenly evaporated from the world and disappeared. Since the Western Han Dynasty, there have been many fewer records of gold in previous dynasties.

Where did the gold go? ）

In the Tang Dynasty, the military system from the Northern Wei Dynasty and the Sui Dynasty flourished. It is a hereditary soldier, fights in wartime, and farms in leisure time. During the service, the government soldiers themselves were exempted from military service, but they had to bring their own military supplies, clothing, bows and arrows, horizontal knives, and food on the way to the last service.

By the time of Tang Xuanzong, the government military system could not be implemented. Changed to "conscription". Since then, there has been a formal reference for the payment of salaries for soldiers. The Tang Dynasty likes to use force, Xuanzong Tianbao has been in constant war, and the treatment of soldiers is actually very poor.

The military salary system of the Tang Dynasty, in a word, was hard but had a strong sense of honor.

As for the Song Dynasty, it was a very useful dynasty in the convenience of the army.

The Song Dynasty was wealthy, the economy was developed, and the imperial court had a lot of income, although the number of troops was large, but because of the money in the treasury, on the whole, the supply of military salaries was relatively sufficient, and it can be said that it was the crown of all dynasties. The annual military expenditure is 20 million guan, and if the Northern Song Dynasty had the highest income, 160 million guan, it is almost one-eighth of the national tax revenue.

The salary of the forbidden army is thirty times a Chinese New Year's Eve, so how much is this thirty times converted into the silver taels of the Ming Dynasty? This cannot be calculated by comparing the price of silver and copper, because the ratio is constantly changing, and grain must be used as an intermediary.

After the founding of the Great Song Dynasty, the north and the south were unified, the era was peaceful and prosperous, and the grain output was high, and the price was naturally low. In September of the first year of Dazhong Xiangfu, Jingxi, Jingdong, Hebei, Hedong, Jianghuai, Liangzhejiang, Jinghu, Fujian, and Guangnan Road all obtained a bumper harvest, and the official report was that the price per bucket of rice was 7 to 8 wen, and the price per stone was only 70 to 80 wen, which can be said to be an appalling low price.

In the eighth year of Tiansheng, Fan Zhongyan said: "Stealing one acre of Zhongtian is not more than one corn." In the autumn of Minoru, a Hu was sold for no more than 300 yuan. "At that time, the national grain price was generally 300 wen per stone, which was about four times higher than before.

In the fifteen years before the first year of Xining, that is, from the late period of Huangyou to the period of Zhiping, the average grain price in the country was: "The high price is 75 wen per bucket, the parity price is 70 wen, the cheap price is 60 wen to 62 wen, and the low price is 60 wen to 62 wen, and 98 mo." "In other words, the median price is seven hundred wen per stone, which is more than twice that of the eighth year of the Heavenly Sage.

In the first year of Yuanyou, the Privy Council Zhang Dunyan said: "In the mainland, the middle-aged 100 dendrobium buckets, thick and thin, a total of 20,000 yuan, if it is not connected to the waterway state, the army, but 14,500 straight." In other words, the price of grain in the vast areas of the interior in a normal year is 200 wen per stone, and it is cheaper in remote places, only 140 to 150 wen per stone.

In the fourth year of Xuanhe, the goods report said: "In ancient times, there was a saying that the rice and salt were buckets, and before Xi and Feng, the rice stone was only six or seven hundred. When the price of salt was sixty or seventy pounds; Today the price of rice is 2,500 to 3,000 stones, and the salt is still 60. On the one hand, these words further confirm that the average price of rice in the country before Xining was about 600 to 700 wen per stone, and on the other hand, it was revealed that the average rice price in the country at that time was about 2 to 500 wen to 3 wen per stone. The former is 700 Wen, and the latter is three times, and the price has increased more than fourfold in more than 50 years.

In the ninth year of Shaoxing, the rice in the southeast region was "30,000 stone at the middle price, no less than 100,000 yuan", that is, each stone was about 300 more than 300 wen, which was higher than the price during the Xuanhe period. Compared with the northern gold country at the same time, the price of grain is very low. Before Wanyan Liang Zhenglong, that is, 26 years ago in Shaoxing, "Dendrobium is extremely cheap, and rice is only two or three hundred and one stones".

In April of the 26th year of Shaoxing, Han Zhongtong, the head of the household department, reported: "Today's rice is money, less than two hundred, and it is the right time to accumulate grain." "Less than two per stone, the price has fallen.

In the twenty-ninth year of Shaoxing, Wang Daodao said: "Today's soldiers eat and eat, and the rate is only 3 million, and the straightness of Zhongping is only 5 million for money." "With the tranquility of the world, the average stone has been more than 600 wen, which is a lot lower than before.

In the third year of the road, a minister said: "Since the old age has been hard to eat, the rich family has made a contract with the rice people: one bucket per meter, for five hundred dollars." The small people but save the present, do not hesitate to say goodbye. In the autumn, one bucket is not more than one hundred and twenty or thirty, and the rate is to use four buckets of rice to get 500 money to repay the debt of last year's rice. That is, at that time, the price of grain after the autumn harvest was from 200 wen per stone to 300 wen per stone, and it fell again.

In the fifth year of the main road, the imperial court bought 1.3 million stone of grain in the southeast region, and the average price of each stone was three times, and the price of grain began to rise.

Just as the price of grain in the Ming Dynasty cannot be measured by four or five taels of silver per stone of rice in the last years of the Ming Dynasty and even more than a dozen taels of silver in the last years of Chongzhen, the price of grain should be taken as the median value, not the high value.

During the Xuanhe period, peasant uprisings in various places continued, the country was not appeased, and there were forced prisoners to oppress the territory, coupled with the Fangla uprising in the southeast, which caused the grain output in the grain-producing areas in the southeast to plummet, and it was inevitable that the price of grain would soar. As for the Shaoxing period, not to mention, there has been a war with the Jin Kingdom, so it's no wonder that the price of grain can be low.

Take an intermediate price, the price of one stone is around 700 yuan, that is to say, the military salary of the forbidden army for a year is enough to buy more than 40 stone of food. In the Song Dynasty, one stone of rice in the Song Dynasty was folded into one hundred and eighteen catties and four taels in later generations, and more than forty stones were equivalent to about twenty-six stones in the Ming Dynasty, and the prescribed amount could basically be obtained.

The Song Dynasty emphasized literature and light military force, the status of military generals was very low, and the status of soldiers was even lower. Because the standing clothing of the soldiers of the Song Dynasty was the red battle jacket. However, the Song Dynasty had an advantage, the status of the army was low, but they took a lot of money, and the military salary was rarely in arrears, the supply was sufficient and timely, and the army had regulations on food and clothing.

At the beginning, the soldiers of the Ming Dynasty were tuntian, military households, and they did not pay military salaries at all, but had to pay grain to the imperial court. However, it was not done later, and the military salary of the Ming Dynasty army was generally calculated as a soldier's monthly salary of one stone and an annual salary of twelve stones. The salary of an officer is extremely high, and the salary of a six-grade hundred-household is equivalent to more than eighteen times that of an ordinary soldier, and the salary of a full-rank or so governor is equivalent to one hundred and eighteen times that of a full-grade governor -- but at this level, the salary of a soldier is meaningless.

Qi Jiguang's Qi family army is very strong, the military law is strict, and it kills people at every turn, but the treatment is excellent. Its soldiers were paid three cents for the Japanese army, and the annual military salary was about ten taels, which was not a small amount.

But now, no matter what kind of soldier you are, even if you are those uncles in Liaozhen, you will have to burn high incense if you can get fifty percent of the salary.

Under Dong Ce's command, the salary is not high, theoretically lower than that of the border army, but this is only theoretical. As much as Dong Ce's military salary, the soldiers can get as much as they get. If you calculate it in this way, it will be twice as high as the border sergeant. And the food and lodging are all in the camp, and there is no need to spend money, and eight buckets per month is a net surplus. In this calculation, the salary of the Panshibao Army is comparable to that of the current Liaozhen.

Besides, since ancient times, anyone who recruits displaced people into an army basically doesn't pay the military much and gives out some food, which is considered very kind.

For example, Cao Cao recruited displaced people in the past, and Guo Yaoshi recruited refugees into an army at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty.

And these homeless people have just come from the days when they were almost starving to death, and they are grateful to Dade for giving them a little kindness and a little benefit. Here I have to talk about the art of leadership, these homeless people have nothing, you give them a little something, they are very grateful to you, you give them a lot of things, they are also very grateful to you, and the degree of gratitude of these two is actually about the same.

And now you have given him this, assuming that this amount is 'one', then as the soldiers kill on the battlefield, are born and die, and their lives are getting better and better, this amount of 'one' food and salary will definitely not be enough to meet their needs. In fact, the matter of raising wages is a very long process, and it has risen very slowly with the overall development of the social economy and the increasing affluence of the group. If it rises too fast, it's inflation, and the economy may be in trouble. It is a slow rise, a slow increase, even if it is rising, but because the process is very long, there is not much pressure on the finances.

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