The biggest drawback of Confucianism is that there is no special discourse system, for example, this paragraph is a continuation of the previous paragraph. Zi said: See, my way is consistent. Zeng Zi said, only. The doorman said, what does it mean? Zeng Zi said, the way of the master, loyalty and forgiveness. There is no one in the back, and it jumps directly to the gentleman is righteous, and the villain is profitable.

So he left a big dispute for posterity.

On the surface, it seems very simple, but my doctrine runs through a basic idea. Zeng Zi replied, yes. The other students asked, "What do you mean by the teacher?" Zeng Zi said that the teacher's doctrine is nothing more than the word loyalty and forgiveness.

This is the most obvious explanation, and it seems to make sense.

But this is not the case, one is one, two is two, or Tao, or benevolence, or righteousness, or courtesy, or loyalty, or forgiveness. Loyalty and forgiveness are different, these are two concepts. Why did the two concepts become "one" in Confucius's mouth?

Feng Yuan replied cautiously: "Loyalty has nine knowledge, loyalty must be known, knowledge must be forgiven, forgiveness must be known, and knowledge of virtue must be known...... Inner thinking is said to be in the knowledge, in the middle to the truth is said to know forgiveness, internal forgiveness is said to be outside the outside, and external and internal reference is said to be knowledge...... Loyalty is a confidant, thinking about the heart, forgiveness is to know the outside, should be real, especially in their own interests, so loyalty and forgiveness are unified, is virtue, so it is said to be one. ”

The previous words are from "The Great Dai Li Ji", and the latter words are Feng Yuan's own explanation, loyalty is self-improvement, forgiveness is truthfulness, so it is related to one's own interests, so the establishment of people in turn must establish oneself, although this loyalty and forgiveness are opposites, they are also unified, that is, the perfect act of harmony. So it's one.

Seems like the best explanation for thousands of years.

Otherwise, there is no way to say that loyalty and forgiveness are one.

But after finishing speaking, Feng Yuan also shook his head. Although the great Confucian Dade of the Han Dynasty also racked his brains for this, this explanation still cannot be called a perfect explanation. No matter how you interpret it, it is still two, like benevolence, etiquette, yin and yang.

After finishing speaking, he stared at Zheng Lang and said, "You come...... Say. ”

This little guy ...... There is a novel answer, I want to hear it but I am afraid to hear it.

Xia Zhu and Lu Yijian were even more dazed, thinking, Zheng Jiazi, don't overthrow Zhongshu again, then Confucianism for thousands of years will not be able to play.

The three of them still know a lot, and the other women are all at a loss, and today's dialogue between Zheng Lang and Feng Yuan simply subverted all their long-standing ideas. Rites became a system, one by one, which made Feng Yuan shake his head again. The others don't understand, at least loyalty and forgiveness are certainly not one, why are they one?

Zheng Lang replied: "This is a late student thinking in private, I don't know if it's right or wrong, please ask the three ministers and Feng to give advice." ”

"Tell me about it." Yan Shu said.

No matter how you distinguish it, loyalty is loyalty, forgiveness is forgiveness, is it possible that they are still a word?

"Late life is still from the ancient times to talk about words."

"By the way, that bone inscription is a stone drum inscription?" Yan Shu asked again.

When Zheng Lang talked about benevolence and righteousness, he mentioned the bone inscription and the Zhong Ding inscription, Zhong Ding Wenbai, Shang and Zhou bronzes, especially some ancient characters on the Dading, but this bone inscription was spit out of Zheng Jiazi's mouth for the first time. Zheng Lang hesitated for a moment, there is no special research on oracle bone inscription now, it seems that because of himself, many people have begun to study Jin Wen. The oracle bone inscription still no one paid attention, so he made a faint explanation: "The bone inscription is the writing before the Shang and Zhou dynasties, and the kind of writing is simpler, and most of them were carved by ancient people on the rock walls of caves or bone covers, or shells. ”

This definition is not very accurate, but the current conditions are not enough, and there are many explanations, so where did you learn it? It's a problem again. Hence the vague skimming.

"I see," this is similar to what Yan Shu guessed, and there is no doubt, this little guy seems to be very researching, and bold, everything is skeptical and critical. I have a deep study of words, and it is not surprising to pay attention to these ancient words.

"Later life once noticed that in ancient times, there was no word loyalty and forgiveness. Even the "Book of Shang", except for those pseudo-articles......"

Before he finished speaking, he was interrupted by Feng Yuan's words: "What pseudo-article?" ”

"Later Sheng suspected that some of the articles in the "Book of Shang" were written by the Han and Jin dynasties, and even since the Warring States period, the literati spoofed, imitated the ancient language, and made some pseudo-articles to fill it in."

"Which ones?" Feng Yuan's head grew again.

"In my later life, I thought that Da Yu Mo, the Song of the Five Sons, Yin Zheng, Zhong Yu's Message, Tang He, Yi Xun, Taijia Upper, Middle and Lower Three, Xian Youyide, Said Destiny Upper, Middle and Lower Three, Tai Oath, Wu Cheng, Hong Fan, Brigade Mastiff, Weizi's Life, Cai Zhong's Life, Zhou Guan, Jun Chen, Bi Life, Jun Ya, and Jian Life are all disgusted."

"Zheng Xiaolang, don't talk nonsense," Yan Shu's face changed, there were only sixty-eight chapters in "Shangshu", and this one was almost cut in half.

Lu Yijian also said: "What about the evidence? ”

"A few ministers, Feng gives things, don't be surprised, Mencius said, as much as you believe in the "book", it is better to have no "book", I am in "Wucheng", take two or three strategies and do your own, the benevolent people are invincible in the world, so that they are not benevolent, and what is the blood of the pestle?"

"That's a book, not "Shangshu", he means that "Wucheng" is too exaggerated, Zheng Xiaolang, don't distort it."

"Mencius is a great Confucian through the ages, how can he not believe in books? So why did he write a book and say it? Another example is Lu Deming's "Classic Commentary. There are similar words in the Preface. There is also a little evidence in the hands of the late students, but the scientific examination is imminent, so I dare not think too much. It is possible that in a few years, Wansheng will list these evidences and let the three ministers and Feng give a look at the matter. ”

Feng Yuan was frustrated.

Hearing now, I finally understood, pushing down and pushing down, from benevolence and righteousness to courtesy, and possibly to this loyalty and forgiveness, as well as the "Book of Shang".

"That job is too big, and I still say this one. In the "Book of Shang", which was not questioned in his later life, there is no word loyalty and forgiveness, which is for a reason. The ancients were simple, and the text was not long after it was established, and it was very simple, so the later life thought that each set up the heart, made the virtue in the joke, and the middle in the letter, and so on, that is, the false in the loyalty. These two characters were first seen in "Chinese" and "Zuo Chuan", and there are sentences in Chinese, Zhongzhong, Zhongzhong. Zhaoming is the rule of things, and the etiquette is also. Righteousness and righteousness, letter also. Then the way of the elders to make the people is not fine, not loyalty, not disobedience, not faithful, not believable. There is also a cloud in the left, forgiveness and action, the rule of virtue is also, the scripture of rites is also, I can have it, and with people, people do not come, it is not appropriate! This loyalty and forgiveness is what you do not want to do to others, and on the contrary, it is unfaithful and unforgiving. Therefore, when he was born in the palace that night, he said to His Majesty that as a king, he should set an example for the world, and the reason is the same. I don't know who created the word "loyalty" and forgiveness, but after the Master looked at these two books, he saw that their meaning was one, so he said that it was one. ”

As you said, the word "loyalty" began to evolve and take on different meanings. Confucianism must be reinterpreted, and it makes sense. ”

Lu Xianggong's words are very reasonable. The reason why the late student thinks this way is because the late born has another idea. For thousands of years, there have been many differences in Confucian scholarship, is it possible to put aside the branches and trace back to the origin, so as to obtain the true meaning of Confucianism? ”

It's simple, but it's not that simple?

According to Zheng Lang's meaning, what Confucian scholarship in the Han and Tang dynasties, don't care about it, if you want to learn Confucianism, you can only learn Confucius, and even Mencius and Xunzi can only be a reference. Not to mention anything else, loyalty and forgiveness are still "one" in the hands of Confucius, and in the hands of Meng Xun, they have changed from one to two.

But can it be done?

If you look at how many Confucian treatises have been written since the Han, Jin, and Tang dynasties, including the Song Dynasty itself, can't you burn them all with one fire?

"I don't know," Old Feng was really confused.

This thing is too big, he is the emperor's teacher, and he doesn't dare to make a clear statement.

"Feng Zhishi, you are an elder, it is too presumptuous for the late students to disturb him today, forgive the sin," gave a salute and said goodbye, but Mrs. Feng did not agree to leave him for dinner. There are not only Feng Yuan, but also three prime ministers, who are just a move, eating with each other, and spreading it out, which is not beautiful.

But this incident had too much impact on the four big names. Not only were the four masters in a trance when they had dinner, but the next day Feng Yuan was a little absent-minded when he taught the little emperor Jingyi.

The little emperor asked, "Feng Qing, there seems to be something ...... today?" ”

"It's something," Feng Yuan recounted what happened last night.

After Yan Wenying listened, he opened his mouth wide and said in surprise: "This son wants to be a saint? ”

Feng Yuan glared at him fiercely and said, "What a saint! The saint is the Master, the Majesty. He just wanted to abandon the end and trace the origin of Confucianism, not to start a family and preach, how to come from the words of a sage. But it could be a big one. ”

Can't talk nonsense. Although Zheng Jiazi made him very distressed, Feng Yuan also loved talent in his heart. Look at how many years, how many students dare to make such deafening words? It's not a martial artist, come on, let's fight hard. This requires a very strong foundation, and without a mastery of Confucianism, he can not think about such an in-depth academic surname problem.

Besides, he's only that old.

Don't let you spoil a word.

"Yes, yes, I made a mistake." Yan Wen was so anxious that he wanted to cover his mouth.

"Then Feng Qing, do you think he is right?" The little emperor was very curious about this.

"I still don't know...... it's not that I don't know, it's that I don't dare to say it. For a long time, it is not that there are uneducated people, there are, many, such as Feng Yuan, but they didn't doubt it in their hearts, so they made mistakes. Zheng Lang picked up this topic, he hadn't slept well last night, not only thinking about some of what Zheng Lang said, but also thinking about "Shangshu". With his talent, once he examines it with a critical eye, he naturally immediately discovers many doubts.

When I had a question, my heart was creepy.

I didn't sleep well at night, but finally got up, made a cup of tea by myself, sat in front of the window in a daze, and made my wife complain.

"This kid seems to be good," the little emperor was very happy.

"Your Majesty, is a very good talent, the most rare thing is his mind, the few words he said in prison, for the heaven and earth, for the people to establish the way, for the saint to continue the study, for the eternal world to open up the situation of the peaceful world, although he himself said broad words. But this son did so, and the minister kept observing, he did it from the heart, as if he didn't even know it, this is the pure minister. ”

It's an exaggeration, but it's not entirely wrong. Zheng Lang Qiuyi, with his intentions, is not as great as Feng Yuan said, but there is always a little faint dream in his heart, forcibly correcting the broad Confucianism and strengthening its practical surname, instead of the sour Confucianism that was stinky and long and left endless harm later.

The little emperor is straightforward, the teacher is a kind person, and he is also a learned person, and he actually admires this little guy, and it seems that he has learned a little. But suddenly I thought of a question, and I couldn't help but say: "It's not good this time, it's hard to blame him." ”

"What is he?" Feng Yuan asked nervously.

Now Zheng Jiazi can't do it, no matter how smart he is, he will eventually be small, and there is a process of grinding, which can be reused. But in the future, he must be the pillar of the country, even the emperor, and he cannot be teased as a courtier.

"Just a few words from him," the little emperor didn't dare to say, and quickly changed his words.

"It's a word, if it's really a word, he is not the kind of old-fashioned person, although he is stingy, but His Majesty asks him for words, and he will definitely give it. However, Your Majesty, learning how to govern the country is your Majesty's top priority, and the words are just small paths, please remember. ”

"Yes, I know," but there is a little distress in my heart, the words are easy to handle, the key is long and short sentences, this little guy has read so many books, in case he doesn't give it like those sour Confucians, won't he be able to get off the stage at that time?