Chapter 500 Nuclear Bomb Development

Later, 72 hours after the Americans exploded the Nagasaki atomic bomb, the Smith Report publicly released by the Americans shocked the world.

The full name of this book, "Military Uses of Atomic Energy: The Official Report of the U.S. Government on the Development of the Atomic Bomb," also gave a great shock to the Chinese central government, which was holding back its breath at the World War II spoils conference.

At that time, the prestige of the atomic bomb was often in people's mouths, and Lao Chiang often exploded the atomic bomb with his back to the United States. But after all, other people's are not their own, and in order to improve China's status as a great power, Lao Chiang also ordered his own nuclear bomb research. It was Yu Dawei who presided over the development.

Yu Dawei not only served as the director of the Ordnance Industry Administration for 12 years, but also specialized in mathematical logic and philosophy during his stay in Germany, and also listened to Einstein teach the theory of relativity, and later studied "ballistics" in Germany, and was also one of the few experts in China who studied "ballistics" at that time. Originally, his identity gave a wide network of people. However, here in the vanguard army, the vast majority of outstanding scientific talents in China have been collected by the vanguard army.

"The atomic bomb needed physicists, chemists, mathematicians. And it's a lot more! Meng Xiang sighed at the time about Yu Dawei, a Groves-like figure equivalent to the Manhattan Project. Although he had already started this nuclear bomb program 5 years earlier, the Americans and Germans had already started.

The Germans had already started their uranium program in 37, but the absorption of neutrons caused by the fission of uranium atoms was only discovered in 39, and the Germans did not pay much attention to the research at first. The funding for uranium atoms is only 1 million marks, and their scientific research efforts are concentrated on rockets, which are very promising projects in real combat.

And as the Germans persecuted the Jews, more than 2,000 Jewish scientists and engineers left the Germans for the United States before World War II. However, because of Meng Xiang's intervention, more than 300 people were intercepted. This is already due to the fact that the vanguard army has saved so many Jews and hired them with high salaries, so many talents have been recruited. Otherwise, people would rather go to the peaceful and tranquil United States.

Don't underestimate the more than 2,000 people, this is the elite of the technology world. Although the Manhattan Project in the United States employed people at the most, there were only about 4,000 scientists at the most. Of course, the scientific literacy of other civil servants is also very high, which plays a great supporting role.

After all, because the reputation of the Pioneer Army is smaller, and Huaxia is too weak, even if the more than 300 scientists and engineers collected by the Pioneer Army are not too famous, those famous talents have long been targeted by the Americans. However, these more than 300 people are also a lot of wealth, distributed in major colleges to improve the scientific and technological foundation of Huaxia.

However, even those Jewish scientists who refused to stay in China had a good impression of the vanguard who had rescued them and their compatriots, and they also gave a good impression to the students whom Meng Xiang had placed beside them.

Meng Xiang also knew that the conditions in Huaxia had determined that the way to bring in was too narrow, so from the beginning, he was more inclined to go out and send students abroad.

In the original history, from the 12th year of the Republic of China to the establishment of the new dynasty, the number of government and private students studying abroad was about 50,000. In this time and space, there are 30,000 international students sent by the Vanguard Army in the past two years, and a foreign student is funded no less than 3,000 oceans a year. This huge expenditure of hundreds of millions of yuan can be supported by Meng Xiang's arms expenses, otherwise the central government will not be able to support it at all.

In terms of personnel, the central government has accumulated a lot of talents in education over the years, and the number of college students has reached more than 40,000 in 31 years. And most of these college students, both graduated and ungraduated, were concentrated in the joint theater.

At this time, the number of universities in the joint theater had reached nearly 100. In 36 years, the total number of public and private universities, independent colleges and junior colleges in China was only about 110.

However, with the support and investment of Meng Xiang, more than 20 new schools were built with the funding of the Pioneer Army alone, and with the active thinking and improvement of life in the joint theater, more than 20 private schools have also increased. Although some of these private universities are not as large as the primary schools of later generations, they are still a good start.

For those old schools, Meng Xiang is even more fully supportive.

In the joint theater of operations, the investment of public universities and privately owned universities has allowed Meng Xiang to invest more than 200 million oceans in just 39-40 academic years to cope with the expanding university education.

According to the statistics that the university admission work was completed at the end of July, by the end of August, the number of college students in the joint theater alone will exceed 100,000.

But this is already the limit.

Money is not a problem, although Meng Xiang, who holds the right to issue metal currency, has scattered hundreds of millions of oceans, it is equivalent to completing several economic cycles in society and stimulating the development of the economy, and then returned to his own hands. The construction of schools and the purchase of equipment are not a big problem. There is no problem with the number of students, and after the introduction of compulsory education, there is an abundant source of students, and the number of students receiving high school education has also increased significantly.

The key to the expansion of universities is the issue of faculty. Without good teachers, no amount of students will work.

During the period of the Republic of China, the reason why there were many masters was not only related to the relaxed ideological environment, but also the number of students. The teacher's energy is limited, and there are too many people to herd sheep. Most of the college students in later generations are just wandering around the university, and they belong to the kind of outer disciples. And there are very few inner disciples who can get the teacher's careful guidance, and even the core disciples who teach them hand-in-hand.

100,000 students are already too busy for those teachers. You must know that they not only have to teach and educate people, but also undertake research work on some topics. Huaxia is in ruins, many aspects need to lay a foundation, when talent is in short supply, it is normal for a talent to be busy in several aspects.

The foreign teachers hired from Jews, the Czech Republic, Poland and other places have relieved some of the pressure, although those high hiring fees, as well as the arrangement of translators and service personnel, are also a huge expense, but Meng Xiang is more interested in their talents. It's a pity that the number of people is still very small, and Meng Xiang can only make plans to use foreign educational resources and send students abroad.

Although the cost of international students is high, Meng Xiang is not short of money at this time!

Of the more than 20,000 international students, Meng Xiang is particularly insufficient, and 30,000 people have been added to the list of international students at the beginning of this year.

"Isn't there too many people?" Even though Zhou Bai agreed with Meng Xiang's plan to study abroad, he couldn't help but be shocked when he saw Meng Xiang throw out 30,000 people at once. This kind of cost is not a small amount, this is not a domestic education, the money is only rolled in the country, this needs real money to be taken abroad to spend. The same 10,000 yuan can be used as 40,000 or 50,000 yuan in China, or even more.

"It's too late!" Meng Xiang sighed, making Zhou Bai just think of the impact of the European war in the world, but he didn't know the impact that Meng Xiang would bring to the world after leading the rise of China. In a few years, if China and European and American countries may turn their faces, there will be no more such good opportunities to study abroad. Therefore, Meng Xiangcai vigorously arranged people to study abroad.

Even now, it's not possible to go anywhere.

Sweden, Switzerland and other places have been very little affected by the European war, and France, Denmark and other places are stable at least in the next year or two and can go to study. Britain couldn't go, and Meng Xiang couldn't predict whether there would be any changes in the situation there. However, Germany will be relatively stable for at least a year or two. In addition, the United States has the largest number of students studying abroad. As long as Meng Xiang does not change too much, the United States will be more peaceful than other places.

In view of the future relationship with the Americans, as well as the possible impact of war, it is impossible for Meng Xiang to concentrate all the students studying in the United States, and scattering in various countries is also conducive to absorbing the different styles of each country and integrating them. It is also necessary to avoid that there will only be one voice speaking in the cultural and scientific circles in the country in the future.

In 38 years, when Meng Xiang began to arrange for international students, he laid out a plan for the future use of nuclear energy. Although he did not take into account that the base needs nuclear energy to lift the ban, Meng Xiang, who understands the future trend, will naturally not ignore this opportunity and lay the foundation for the future.

At this time, in 38 years, a group of people sent by Meng Xiang to study abroad have returned. Some of them will become the backbone of the vanguard army in the study of the atomic bomb.

For example, Wang Ganchang, in 38 years, was sent by Meng Xiang to Copenhagen, Denmark to study with Boer and others. After two years of further study, he was called back because of the Vanguard Army's nuclear bomb program. Although Wang Ganchang already had a preliminary test method to verify the existence of neutrinos in his mind at this time, he still hurried back when he heard the call of the motherland. When leaving, he didn't forget to invite his teacher Pol.

At this time, although Denmark had fallen into the hands of the Germans, Bohr, as the core figure of Danish scientists and the soul of the Copenhagen faction, naturally would not easily succumb and withdraw. He remained in Denmark until 43 years ago, when he withdrew to the United States.

Of course, in the face of the threat of war, Copenhagen, the world's physical mecca, still has people leaving, and most of them choose to go to the United States, but Wang Ganchang also brought back two or three people.

When the Dragon Cup Science Award was held in Huaxia, many foreign scholars were very impressed by the well-equipped laboratories arranged by the Pioneers. They didn't know that it was the science and technology center of the base, but at least they knew that Huaxia was not a barbaric place, and at least one place had one of the most cutting-edge laboratories in the world.

With the plane tree, the golden phoenix can be attracted. Cyclotrons, cloud chambers, and other advanced physics experiment equipment that appeared in the thirties are all well equipped here. This has undoubtedly attracted some people as well. In addition to the two or three people brought back by Wang Ganchang, other personnel of the vanguard army also hired more than 30 scientists.

Those masters in Meng Xiang's mind would not come to the vanguard army.

For example, Fermi, the father of neutron physics, a central figure in the Italian physics community, was persecuted by the Italian fascists because his wife was Jewish. In 38, Meng Xiang sent someone to contact him. But he had no intention of going to China, but when he went to receive the Nobel Prize that year, he ran to the United States with his family.

When they fled, they received a little help from the vanguard army, so Fermi also had two Huaxia assistants with him at this time. However, when Fermi participated in the Manhattan Project, two of his Chinese assistants also returned to Huaxia.

Although Oppenheimer was Jewish, he grew up in the United States and did not want to leave the United States.

Another Austrian physicist, Pauli, came to the United States in 35 years. However, the vanguard army recruited his protégé Wu Chien-shiung.

Chien-shiung Wu, known as Marie Curie of China, participated in the Manhattan Project as the only Chinese scientist. Thanks to the propaganda of later generations, Meng Xiang was very impressed. After studying under the master of physics Pauli, she also agreed to return to China to serve her country after receiving her doctorate this year, followed by Yuan Jialiu, her future husband and a famous physicist in later generations. However, it is somewhat embarrassing that his academic achievements are overshadowed by his wife's brilliance, and it is not as good as the attention of others to his other identity. He is also the son of Yuan Kewen, the second son of Yuan Shikai.

Wu Chien-shiung decided to give up the opportunity to continue his studies and return to China after receiving an invitation from her teacher, Shi Shiyuan. As the only doctoral student trained by Marie Curie for China, Shi Shiyuan politely refused Marie Curie's retention and returned to China in 33 years. At that time, he was the youngest professor in China, but due to the circumstances at that time, the hero was useless in the end.

But when Meng Xiang learned about his experience, he also included it in the list of the Kuafu plan.

The Kwafu Project is actually a general term for a series of major projects in the use of nuclear energy, including not only nuclear fission research, nuclear fusion and elementary particle research, but also the research of atomic bombs.

Although many scientists have in their hearts a demonic existence who does not hesitate to use some destructive means in order to study the nature of the world, and there are even some scientific maniacs who do not hesitate to study at the cost of destroying the world, most scientists are far away from war and are also disgusted with spending their energy on weapons research. Especially the scientists hired by the Vanguard, they will not help the Vanguard to build the atomic bomb at all. Even the Americans had an excuse to counter the Nazis.

Just like later generations dealt with Lao Sa, the Americans had a glorious tradition of buttoning their hats, and the progress and destructiveness of the Germans' research on nuclear energy were slightly exaggerated from the perspective of later generations. If the US authorities do not know the power of the nuclear bomb despite several requests from some scientists, including the close monitoring of the Intelligence Bureau, it is simply underestimating their intelligence. However, it is still a large number of scientists who have taken the initiative to develop it, and only then have a huge investment plan to push the boat down the river.

But these have nothing to do with the vanguard army, or even Huaxia.

In any case, it is impossible to invite others to help Huaxia develop a nuclear bomb. Those foreign scholars and experts can carry out basic training, even the peaceful development and use of nuclear energy. This is also the main body of the Kuafu plan is based on peaceful use, and only the most secret part is the development and utilization of nuclear bombs, which can only rely on the Chinese people themselves to build the spear of the world.

"I'll participate!" Wu Dayou solemnly wrote his name on the list.

He already has the names of Ye Qisun and Wu Youxun on him. Nuclear energy research covers a comprehensive scale, and there are many talents needed for the Kuafu plan, and Ye Qisun and Wu Youxun are also the leading figures in the Chinese physics community at this time.

"I'll participate!" Zhou Peiyuan, who hurried back to China from the general relativity seminar led by Albert Einstein himself, also solemnly signed his name. Because Einstein had a good relationship with the Vanguard, he received more guidance from Einstein. But Huaxia's nuclear bomb research was imminent, and he rushed back immediately after being invited.

"I'll participate!" Qian Sanqiang wrote his name, but saw another page with a name with the same surname "Qian Xuesen".

"Zeng Zhaoluan!" Yu Dawei looked at the list in his hand, and a familiar face appeared in his heart. Zeng Zhaoluan, a famous Chinese chemist, was a cousin with him, but he was one step ahead of him in the Kuafu plan.

The official launch of the Kuafu plan was in February of the 40th year, and Yu Dawei just took over. Previously, because of the relationship between Yu Dawei and Lao Jiang and others, after a period of testing in the logistics department, Meng Xiang was relieved to hand over the Kuafu plan directly managed by Rat Er to him.

And the procedures of the Kuafu plan have already begun to operate. And in the plan of the nuclear bomb studied in it, when the nuclear bomb is mentioned, it is not called directly, nor is it called a small thing, but it is called a golden crow. At this time, on the list of those who paid attention to the golden crow, more than 300 Chinese scientists had gathered so far.

Although the number is small, the advantage of the vanguard army is more advantageous than that of others.

Meng Xiang does not have the financial resources of $2.5 billion invested by the Americans, but with the help of the base, he can save most of the cost.

In the study of the atomic bomb, even the world's top bulls only have a vague concept at this time, and it is Meng Xiang who is clear about this.

Even if he didn't know how to develop it, the general principle had gone through high school, and Meng Xiang, who had been honed by the sea of questions, still struggled to come up with some rough ideas. In the explosion information on the Internet in later generations, there are also some principles of nuclear bombs mixed in. Half a century later, it's no surprise that these have become basics.

"Uranium-235 or plutonium-239 absorbs neutrons, fissions, and releases more neutrons, thus forming a chain reaction that emits enormous amounts of energy. Controllable nuclear energy reaction, graphite reducer can be used,......" Wu Youxun looked at the information in his hand, and felt that it was worth a thousand gold, not only explained some principles of the atomic bomb, but also some of the figures were amazing. For example, the critical mass of spherical uranium with neutron reflection is about 15 kilograms.

This is a deep impression on Meng Xiang's estimate of how big 15 kilograms of uranium is, and this news comes from a report on the Internet that designed the Iranian nuclear issue.

It was also mentioned above that uranium enrichment is best enriched by gas diffusion.

The gas diffusion method has a high investment and high power consumption. But it was the only way to industrially enrich uranium for a long time. Other methods such as centrifugation, nozzle method, and laser separation method are not applicable at this time, and Meng Xiang only knows the name of a centrifugal method, but he does not know as much as the gas diffusion method. The investment is larger, you can make more use of the experimental equipment of the base, or you can import related equipment, and the power consumption can be provided by the base power station, which is the biggest problem for Huaxia, which is still in the handicraft workshop stage.

For the use of uranium hexafluoride in the gas diffusion method, Meng Xiang also pointed it out at once, forming a literal thing, pretending to be the credit of the intelligence department, and became a top-secret document in Kuafu's plan.

Many of these are foreign content that they have not determined, and they are naturally unique in the world. With the help of these tips, there is no doubt that Huaxia's Kuafu plan was at a high level from the beginning.

However, the fundamentals need to be solid in order to develop to a higher level. Some of the basics need to be tested and calculated to have a comprehensive understanding. Meng Xiang's information is just a hint and reference, and there are still a lot of calculations and experiments that need to be completed by Chinese scientists little by little.

When it comes to computing, it requires the help of a large number of mathematicians, and the mathematics group is led by Hua Luogeng, who has strong organizational skills.

In this era, due to the lack of conditions and no funds to do experiments, many scientific projects lagged behind the world, but some theoretical research was at the forefront of the world. Huaxia mathematics has always been among the world's first-class level.

Hua Luogeng, Wu Wenjun, Lin Jiaqiao, Xu Baoluo, etc. are among the world's top masters, this time the research on the mathematical aspects of the Kuafu plan was led by Hua Luogeng, who has organizational talents, and he is also responsible for the development of the first electronic computer in China, which is also another big plan launched by Meng Xiang for the upgrading of the base - "Nuwa Project".