readx; In the national army system, there are senior staff officers like Shen Gang, as well as commanders of large corps such as Xu Lishan and Li Jimin, and divisional and brigade-level fierce generals like Zuo Yugang. Pen ~ fun ~ pavilion www.biquge.info and in addition to these generals who are well-known in the national army and even in the whole of China, there are actually more high-ranking generals in the national army who are not well-known, among which the senior generals who serve in various departments of the five major ministries are the most.

Taking the General Staff as an example, there are more than 10 senior generals with the rank of lieutenant general and dozens of senior generals in the General Staff, and although the work of these people is not to directly command the troops in combat, the work they do is equally important to the entire system of the National Army. For example, the people in the Communications Department are all from the communications departments of various military academies, and many of them are also science professionals, even if they serve in various units, but they usually stay in the command headquarters above the regimental level all the year round, and they belong to the kind of people who have never even fired a gun, but after the national army is equipped with a large number of wireless telegraphy and field wired telephones, two kinds of communication equipment, no one can deny the important surnames of these people in the communications department. Latest Novel""

In addition to these high-ranking generals who are engaged in technology, there are also a considerable number of people who are engaged in pure military theory, such as Jiang Fangzhen of the Department of Education.

Although he has not been promoted in the past two years, his name has appeared in many books within the Nationalist Army, including the 1913 edition of the Infantry Classic, the Outline of Infantry Coordination, and the Key Points of Machine Gun and Barbed Wire Coordination in Defensive Operations. Latest Novel""

If we simply discuss the theoretical level, Jiang Fangzhen's level in the national army should be among the top three, this person not only studied in Ben Lushi, but also studied in Germany, and also has the experience of serving in the German army, these experiences directly led to Jiang Fangzhen's vision level far beyond other national army generals. After this person became the director of the Department of Education, it can be said that he single-handedly established the Fuzhou Military Academy and compiled many teaching materials for the Fuzhou Military Academy.

In addition, this person is also the leader of the improvement of the establishment of the National Army, and last year proposed a standardized division and brigade establishment for the National Army, which is the 1914 establishment currently used by the National Army.

Although the 1914 establishment adopted by the Nationalist Army was already good, many problems were still exposed in actual combat. For example, in the preparation of 1914, the standard of mule and horse was adopted. However, in fact, there is a serious shortage of military mules and horses in the national army, whether it is a pack horse or a horse pulling artillery, although the national army has requisitioned a large number of civilian mules, horses and even donkeys, but not to mention that the quality of these civilian livestock is far from being comparable to the military standard cattle of various countries, but the more realistic problem is that these animals still cannot meet the huge logistics and transportation needs of the national army.

The most obvious is that in the attack on Henan, the units of the Second Army attacking Xinyang relied entirely on land transportation, resulting in difficulties in the mobility of the artillery units of several main divisions in the operation, and the supply of artillery shells was also seriously insufficient, and in this way, the firepower advantage of the Nationalist Army over Beiyang was also gone. During the attack on Henan, the units of the Second Army could basically only exert the combat effectiveness of light infantry, and this was also the main reason why the Second Army was unable to conquer Henan before receiving reinforcements from the southbound troops from the north, and even lost troops for a time.

Although the Nationalist Army has controlled the Zhili and Northeast regions, and has also obtained the source of horses, especially the Mongolian horses have begun to enter the military horse sequence of the Nationalist Army in large numbers, it is not realistic to completely let the Nationalist Army realize mules and horses in a short period of time.

Therefore, according to this problem, Jiang Fangzhen and other generals of the Nationalist Army put forward a corresponding solution, that is, in addition to further increasing the strength of the baggage troops, dividing the types of the main forces of the Nationalist Army, establishing heavy troops for the plains and areas with convenient transportation, and also establishing lightly armed troops for the mountainous areas and areas with inconvenient transportation, that is, the further polarization of the pack horse division and the horse pulling division currently practiced by the National Army.

In addition to dividing and building up heavy and light troops, Jiang Fangzhen put forward a request to increase machine gun firepower. Before the Xinhai Revolution, the number of machine guns equipped at the division level of all countries in the world was 24, which was the same whether it was the Beiyang Army or the Yue Army or the troops of Britain, France and Germany, but after the outbreak of the Chinese Civil War, the number of machine guns in various domestic units rose rapidly, and a division of the National Army was currently equipped with 27 heavy machine guns, but there were also 40 light machine guns, and the total number of machine guns had reached 67.

The civil war that broke out in China was not small because of its long duration, and the scale of the battle was not small, and new weapons such as mortars and airplanes appeared one after another, and the huge role played by heavy machine guns and barbed wire in defensive operations was also valued by the columns. With the outbreak of World War I, countries around the world have rapidly increased the number of machine gun equipment, especially the German Army has almost doubled the density of machine gun firepower, in just one month after the outbreak of the war, the density of machine guns in the German army on the front line has reached more than 100 per 10,000 people, and this density continues to rise. In the period of modern warfare, basically the establishment of each [***] team is modified while fighting, which is the same whether it is the army of other countries or the national army, and most of the modifications of this establishment are also focused on increasing firepower, such as the previous establishment modifications of the national army, the basic structure of the army has never changed, an infantry squad from the late Qing Dynasty 14 people to the present is still 14 people, and the infantry squad has not changed, then it means that the basic structure of the army has not changed. What has changed is only the continuous strengthening of other support weapons, which is manifested in the increasing number of machine guns and mortars, and these changes are also the development of the Nationalist Army from the standard establishment of the new army in the late Qing Dynasty to the establishment in 1912 and then to the establishment in 1914 in just a few years. And before 1914 had passed, the army had already proposed a new round of establishment.

As Jiang Fangzhen, who has always been concerned about the development of Europe's occupation, he also took advantage of the situation to put forward the request to closely follow the troops of the great powers and further increase the machine-gun firepower of the troops.

In order to increase the density of machine guns and expand the logistical force, and at the same time, in order to subdivide the heavy and light units to be used in operations in different areas, Jiang Fangzhen and others put forward the "army reorganization plan"

Of course, this army reorganization plan does not involve warlords in other provinces, but is limited to the central descendant troops, that is, the national army, and the other Yunnan and Gui armies, as well as the Jin army and the Sichuan warlord army and the national army, are not one system, so naturally they will not be included in the army reorganization plan.

In this plan, Jiang Fangzhen and others proposed the establishment of heavy and light troops, that is, the further polarization of the current horse pulling system and the pack horse system.

For heavy troops, since the planned heavy troops are used around railways, convenient transportation or plain areas, there is not much restriction on the weight of heavy weapons and equipment in the troops, so they can be equipped with long-barreled artillery and equipped with more heavy weapons.

For this reason, in the proposed army reorganization plan, the artillery regiment of the heavy unit will be equipped with two 75-mm field artillery battalions and one 75-mm mountain artillery battalion, but the mountain artillery battalion will be equipped with a 41-year-old or anti-Japanese American or domestically produced version, and the weight of the field artillery will be about 900 to 1,000 kilograms, while the weight of the Type 41 mountain artillery will be about 600 kilograms. Weapons of this weight are not effective in mountainous terrain at all, but in plain areas and areas extending the railway network, mobility is still acceptable.

In order to enable the lightly armed troops to quickly and maneuver in mountainous areas and areas with inconvenient transportation, and to strictly control the weight of their equipment, the artillery regiment will be equipped with three mountain artillery battalions, one of which will be equipped with 17 times the caliber mountain artillery of the same caliber as the heavy troops, while the remaining two artillery battalions will be equipped with a large number of 14 times the caliber mountain artillery that is currently retained in the national army. As a result, the heaviest of its artillery regiments is the 75-mm mountain artillery of 17 times the caliber of 600 kilograms, while the 14 times caliber mountain artillery is slightly lighter, only 500 kilograms and 50 kilograms.

These subdivisions are basically to change the current chaotic situation of artillery equipment in the national army, so that the units are more suitable for the operation of the mission terrain.

In addition, in order to further strengthen the firepower of the troops, a 120-mm heavy mortar battalion with 12 guns was added to both heavy and lightly armed units, and this heavy mortar battalion was directly divided and assigned to the infantry regiment in wartime, and was concentrated at the division headquarters to strengthen training and management in peacetime.

Regardless of whether it is a heavy or light unit, the configuration below the regimental level is the same, and they are all equipped with heavy machine guns, 80-mm mortars, 60-mm mortars, and so on. In fact, there is not much difference in the firepower of the classification of these two types of troops, the only difference is that the artillery of the heavy troops is heavier and has a longer firing range, while the artillery of the light troops is lighter and has a relatively shorter firing range.

In addition to the further subdivision of the artillery units, the army's reorganization plan has also further expanded the number of baggage personnel in the troops, expanding the strength of the engineering battalion and the baggage battalion to nearly 1,000 and 1,500 respectively.

For example, machine guns, in the Qingdao Campaign, most of the main forces on the front line were established according to the standard in 1914, and the heavy machine guns belonged to them were 27, and this time Jiang Fangzhen once again increased the firepower of machine guns, and directly asked for heavy machine guns to be assigned to each infantry battalion, and asked that each battalion be assigned a machine gun company of nine heavy machine guns. In this way, the number of heavy machine guns would have climbed to fifty-four for the entire division, in other words, to double the number of heavy machine guns.

In terms of light machine guns, although the light machine gun is mediocre in the defensive battle, far less threatening than the heavy machine gun, but the light machine gun in the offensive war of the troops, it is the only support firepower that the front-line infantry can get, in the Northern Expedition Campaign and the Qingdao Campaign, the grassroots officers of the national army often concentrate their light machine guns, and then assign them to the sharp knife troops, when launching an offensive charge, the light machine gun is also the most direct fire support with the infantry charge.

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There is a detailed compilation of 1914 in the reader's Q group, and I will also upload the detailed compilation of the army reorganization plan to the group to share, interested students can go directly to see it!

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