Xuanfu Town has always been a battleground for soldiers, and its strategic position is very important - especially after the Yongle Emperor moved the capital to Beijing, Xuanfu Town was the place to defend Kyoto and defend against the southward movement of the Mongols. Ming Cheng Daosheng said in the "Nine-sided Picture Examination": "Xuanfu mountains and rivers disputes, the land is dangerous and narrow, and the construction of the tun will be twice as large as that of other towns. ”

Xuanhua Mansion set up a general military officer in the seventh year of Yongle, which was originally called Xuanfu Town.

In the years of the Jingyan Campaign, the power of the Ming Dynasty was used in internal fighting, the border defense was relaxed, and the remnants of the Mongol power were revived, and the Yongle Emperor had just ascended the throne, and he was unable to go out of the northern expedition as he did later, so he had to strengthen the defense of the border areas while adopting a policy of softness towards the Mongolian nobles.

"Be very cautious on the side. From the west of Xuanfu to Shanxi, the edge is steep and deep trenches, and the beacons are connected. The pass is guarded by hundreds of riders, and ten people are guarded by the shepherds. Zheng Hengchong, the Marquis of Wu'an, was the chief military officer, and his edict said: "Everywhere the chimney piers, the plateau is increased, the May grain and firewood are stored, and the well is opened next to the pier, and the outer wall of the well is level with the pier, and the outside looks the same. During the Orthodox years, it was also built repeatedly.

Later, during the Jiajing Longqing period, the scale of construction was larger.

Even in the Chongzhen period, Lu Xiangsheng also presided over the rebuilding of the Xuanfu Great Wall, which cost a lot.

"Don't talk about the edge of 1,300 miles in a town of Xuanfu, that is, in the area behind the mausoleum, east to the Flame Mountain, west to the mouth of the Hehe, where more than 220 miles. To raise its funds, each side wall is built for one zhang, although it is very economical, about 50 taels of silver such as materials and rice. Among them, there may be old walls and stone and earth walls can be solid, accommodating calculations, each zhang must be 30 taels of silver. In total, three hundred li, the total should be 1,600,000 taels of silver. Add three miles and one pier, five miles and one pier, count one hundred piers, and sixty units. The mound is made of soil, each is about 200 gold, the platform is mainly brick and stone, each is about 600 gold, and the pier is guarded by the imperial equipment, and the moat and other types are about more than 100,000 taels. ”

Among them, the piers are the fire road piers and side piers, such as the Anxiang pier where Dong Ce used to be, which is a large pier, each of which costs about 600 taels of silver to build.

Xuanfu Town is located in Xuanhua Mansion, which is commonly known as Xuanfu.

Xuanhua in the Yuan Dynasty for Xuande Mansion, Hongwu three years changed to Xuanfu, Hongwu 26 years set up the front, left and right three guards, the following year Hongwu Emperor edict Beiping soldiers to build Xuanfu City, the second year and the prince for the valley king, on the domain Xuanfu, Zhan built the city wall, since then it has become one of the most important frontier towns of the Ming Dynasty. Most of the incursions of the Northern Yuan Dynasty entered from this area, so there have always been the most wars and garrisons.

According to the "Xuanfu Town Chronicles", in the 261 years from the first year of Hongwu to the second year of Chongzhen, there were 92 major battles, of which the enemy invaded 81 times, and the maximum number of troops reached 150,000! Xuande set up Xuanfu Town in five years, set up Wanquan to command the envoys, and became one of the 17 "provincial military districts" in the country, with jurisdiction over two prefectures, 15 guards, 2 thousand households, 5 forts, and 7 cities. This section of the Great Wall started from the governor Yu Zijun in the Chenghua period, and was built by the governor Weng Wanda and Yang Bo in the Jiajing period for decades, and it was relatively solid and had complete military facilities. Especially during the Jingtai period, when Yang Hong, the Marquis of Changping, guarded the Xuanfu, the imperial army was serious, and the sergeants were well trained, "the riding seat was good at galloping and shooting, and the infantry was good at bows and crossbows", "the soldiers were strong, and they were the crown of the border generals for a while". In the years of Longqing and Wanli, Wang Chonggu and Fang Feng were the governors of Xuanda Shanxi at that time, and insisted on "being cautious, scouting the marquis, armouring soldiers, and practicing diligently".

At that time, all the states, guards, institutes, forts, and cities under the jurisdiction of Xuanfu Town had facilities such as teaching grounds, martial arts halls, ordnance bureaus, gunpowder bureaus, god hangars, and magic gun depots. Among them, the church field in Xuanfu Town is the largest and the most spectacular. Built in more than a mile outside the Changping Gate, built in the early years of Hongxi, the house, the wall are all made of bricks and stones, the name is "Jiangtai", there is a martial arts hall inside. In the eighth year of Jiajing, Liu Yuanqing, the imperial historian, added a high platform in front, called the military platform, and built the "official hall" of the generals of each battalion on the east and west sides.

The big school field outside the Changping Gate, forty miles from east to west, twenty miles from north to south, the scale can be described as extremely vast and majestic!

Even if you stand on a high platform specially used for military parades, you can't see the edge of the school yard at a glance. Even if the 150,000 troops of the garrison were pulled to the school field, it was not at all dissatisfied, and if they were all cavalry, it might be about the same.

To give an exact example, this school field is equivalent to the size of six Beijing cities before Jiajing!

The circumference of Beijing city is 45 miles, nine gates, converted into units of later generations, with an area of about 35 square kilometers. Jiajing, build a heavy city, wrap the south of the capital, turn to hug the east and west corner towers, 28 miles long, gate seven, that is, the outer city, the area of 24 square kilometers, the total area of the inner and outer city is about 60 square kilometers.

And a large school field, about 200 square kilometers.

It's so huge, it's no wonder it's famous.

Xuanfu is an important border town of the same level as Dada, or even more important, with a height of 3 zhang and 5 feet around the town of 24 li, 20,000 and 348 officers and soldiers stationed there, and 13,318 heads of horses, mules and camels.

During the Yongle period, Xuanfu was still a military town. East Ding'an, West Taixin, Nanchang Ping, North Gaoyuan each leave a door, the city of Changping outside the gate to repair the city, thereby retaining a horizontal and vertical "ten" shaped main road, at the same time with the secondary streets and alleys to form a "Tianzi grid" road network, the whole city is divided into 16 districts, forming an asymmetrical layout with the town and the government as the core.

In the first year of Hongxi, Tan Guang, the chief soldier of Xuanfu, "repaired the barracks, reinstated the soldiers, severely reprimanded the forts, and reinstated the four gates, and created four city towers and four corner towers to wait and see." And outside the four gates, each ring is an urn city, and the building is like the law of the city, and the wall is built as a gate outside the urn city, and a fishing [hanging] bridge is set up, and the early warning is raised, so as to stop the adulterous road. The trench is shallow and narrow, and it still needs to be cleaned." In the fifth year of orthodoxy, when the governor of Xuanfu was the governor of the Imperial Palace, he asked to wrap the city with bricks and stones, and the four gates were added to the urn city. Orthodox 11 years completed. After wrapping bricks, "its city thickness is four zhang and five feet, the site is three layers of stone, the rest is built with bricks, to the battlement mouth is two zhang eight feet high, the pheasant is seven feet, the height is three zhang and five feet, and the face is wide and the base is reduced by one zhang and seven feet. ”

Later, with the development of population and economy, the scale and connotation of the city continued to expand. During the Hongxi period, "one hundred and seventy-two rooms were built"; During the Jingtai period, five large-scale official stores were set up: benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith; In the 40th year of Jiajing, there have been more than 10 industries in Xuanhua City, such as "rice market, mule and horse shop, pig and sheep shop, salt and hemp shop, whip shop, fresh vegetable shop, fresh fruit shop, leather jacket shop, coal fried shop, firewood and grass shop, bucket solution shop, and water mill shop".

By the time of Chongzhen, Xuanfu had developed into a large city with a population of hundreds of thousands and a prosperous industry.

Moreover, because of its proximity to Mongolia, although the imperial court has expressly prohibited the mutual market with Mongolia, private transactions can never be stopped, and officials and soldiers are also turning a blind eye, so the caravans are endless, and it also drives the economy.

It was evening, and it was dark, and gusts of wind swept through the sand and dust, and there were bursts of dusk in the sky.

It seems that even the sun is obscured.

This stormy and dusty weather is very common around Xuanfu.

The boundary of Xuanfu was originally close to Saibei, the weather was dry, and when it was still called Shanggu County in the Qin and Han dynasties, it was still full of dense forests, mountains and mountains, and Saigu rivers. But that was how many years ago, and after that, there have been wars here for many years, and it has always been a battleground for soldiers, and I don't know how many times I have fought big and small battles. The Ming Dynasty alone has fought hundreds of times, plus the previous dynasties, then I don't know how much. After so many battles, not to mention the surrounding forests, even if it is ten times more, it will be completely cut down. In the event of a war, the besieging side would have to make military equipment, or at least cut down forests. And the side defending the city also had to cut down wood to strengthen the city walls, towers, etc. Not to mention other places, Xuanfu Town has been destroyed and built several times, and each time it has to consume an extremely large amount of wood.

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