readx; In Omsk, a colonel of the Chinese Air Force wearing a dark blue officer uniform stood in front of Kolchak, commander-in-chief of the Russian Defense Forces, and said in proficient Russian: "General, according to the reconnaissance results of our air force, at least five divisions of the Soviet army have moved to an area 100 kilometers southeast of Omsk, and combined with the fact that your army has faced much less pressure in recent months, the staff officers of our army believe that it is very likely that the Soviet army will bypass Omsk to cut off the railway supply line. Therefore, Major General Chen of our army suggested that your army can properly dispatch a part of the troops back to defend Slantak! ”

Kolchak disagreed: "Colonel Lee, thank you for providing air intelligence, this is extremely important for the Wehrmacht, but the Soviet army wants to draw troops to attack our flank, which also means that we are given the opportunity to break through head-on!" ”

Colonel Li looked at Kolchak's expression, sighed again in his heart, and then withdrew, muttering in his heart: "If this continues, Omsk will be lost sooner or later, and our air force deployed at the Karachinsk airport will also be threatened." Pen @ fun @ pavilion wWw. ｂｉｑUｇE。 ｉｎｆｏ”

Although he sighed in his heart, Colonel Li did not have the ability to change the course and outcome of the matter, his identity was only the liaison officer of the Seventh Wing of the Chinese Air Force in Omsk, mainly responsible for the liaison affairs between the Chinese Air Force in Russia and the Russian army, to put it bluntly, he was a messenger.

In order to deal with the Russian civil war, the Chinese Air Force even set up the Seventh Air Force Wing, which mainly provides air intelligence support for the Chinese Army in Russia, but does not directly participate in front-line air operations. Most of the air battles in Omsk are the responsibility of the Russian Defense Forces' own air forces, which also have more than 100 air force units, equipped with F1 fighters and E1 reconnaissance planes currently in service in the Chinese Air Force.

Since the end of 1917 sent troops into Russia, in 1918 China once again increased the number of troops, in the past two years has also rotated some of the participating troops, now China's troops in Russia up to ten infantry divisions, two cavalry divisions and an air wing, according to the agreement reached between China and the other countries of the Entente, the Chinese troops are mainly responsible for the garrison of the Far Eastern Railway, suppress the local partisans, ensure the normal Far Eastern Railway, and ensure the smooth supply lines of the Russian Wehrmacht. However, they were not directly engaged in front-line operations, and the closest Chinese units to Omsk were the 26th Reconnaissance Squadron under the 7th Wing of the Chinese Air Force and the 1812th Infantry Battalion under the 181st Regiment of the 18th Division of the Chinese Army, which provided garrison support for this air force reconnaissance squadron. The number of the troops has been refined to the company, according to the principle of arranging from back to front, the last number is the number of the unit itself, and the penultimate number is the number of the last unit, taking the third company of the second battalion under the first regiment of the 18th division as an example, the only number is: 18123 company, that is, the 18th division 1st regiment, 2nd battalion and 3rd company. The division number in front may be a unit number, or it may be a ten-digit number or even a hundred digits in the future, so this number number needs to be read from back to front, and it must be called an infantry battalion or an infantry company or an infantry regiment, otherwise it will not be distinguishable.

In June 1919, due to the Soviet Army's transfer of part of the main force of Omsk, although Kolchak knew that the Soviet troops who had been transferred were heading to his rear supply line, but in addition to ordering two divisions of the Russian Wehrmacht hundreds of kilometers to the east to reinforce the west, the army of up to more than 400,000 under his command did not return to the reinforcements, but launched a large-scale attack on the Soviet army in front, and a large number of shells and bullets from China were fired from the artillery and bullets of the Russian Wehrmacht. Then it landed on the Soviet positions and harvested countless Soviet troops, while on the other side, a large number of shells and bullets in the Soviet army also continued to fall on the bodies of many Russian Wehrmacht soldiers who shouted for Ulla to charge, and blood was spilled all over the endless fields.

At the front of the battle line, several Chinese army generals were watching the charge of the Russian Defense Forces with binoculars, and Chen Yi frowned when he saw that the soldiers of the Russian Defense Forces were still charging in dense formations from the era of the Chinese Civil War and the early stage of World War I.

Since the glory of the Russian War, the dense formation charge has also been fully played in China's several civil wars and several European Balkan conflict wars before World War I, and at the beginning of World War I, countries continued to apply the tactics of dense formation charge according to the war experience of the past ten years, but the rapid increase in the number of machine guns equipped by countries in World War I made the dense formation charge completely suicidal, and the emergence of heavy machine guns and barbed wire led to the formation of trench warfare on the Western Front. Immediately Germany proposed the use of infiltration tactics, Britain and France and other countries also quickly copied and used, and by 1917, countries were equipped with a large number of tanks, and this was an important weapon innovation that was comparable to heavy machine guns.

This tactic was adopted on a large scale by Germany, Britain, France, and the United States, and directly led to the total number of tanks in the participating countries in just two years, which has soared to several thousand, and the number of tanks owned by Germany has been as high as 1,000, and the number of tanks in the British, French and American coalition forces is as high as more than 3,000. Because with the new tank, anti-tank weapons are also rapidly appearing, especially the German anti-tank guns are famous in World War I, last year, that is, in September 1918, the British, French and American coalition forces concentrated more than 2,000 tanks, tens of thousands of medium and large-caliber artillery, and nearly 2 million total troops once again launched the Battle of the Marne, trying to break the German defense line in one fell swoop and lay the victory. In this battle, the German army concentrated on the use of PAK18 anti-tank guns, which had not been in service for a long time, and with the cooperation of other parts of direct firepower, in the two-month campaign, it achieved the result of destroying more than 600 Allied tanks, plus the number of other weapons destroyed, the German army destroyed at least nearly 1,000 Allied tanks in this battle. Its PAK18 anti-tank outstanding surname can make the Entente also have to admit it, so that even the modification did not directly copy the production of a large number of equipment troops, this is also the only weapon in the Entente and the Allied countries that are equipped with a large number of weapons at the same time, even if it is the 60mm mortar from China before, the Entente and the Allied countries have made changes in order to adapt to their respective conditions, but the excellent surname of the PAK18 anti-tank gun can make the Entente countries refuse to even change. Not only did Britain, France and the United States copy and produce a large number of them, but even China, after getting more than a dozen prototype guns from France, quickly discarded the 40mm anti-tank guns it developed and equipped with direct imitation and production of PAK18 anti-tank guns, and gave the 1919 model 37 mm 43 times anti-tank gun the official number.

The brilliant success of the PAK18 anti-tank gun brought great battlefield advantages to the German army, and the Allies had to stop the pace of the offensive after losing thousands of tanks and more than 500,000 troops in this campaign, and instead rested to replenish their troops, fortunately, the current British, French and American three [***] industrial production capacity is extremely strong, and the number of tanks has increased to more than 3,000 in just three or four times, and in the first half of 1919, it began to launch a large-scale offensive in order to completely defeat Germany and end the war.

As a member of the Entente, although China did not directly send troops to Europe, it sent a large number of observers, and a large number of officers who were identified as having the potential for promotion were sent to Europe to learn and experience modern warfare as military observers, and for this reason also brought back extremely valuable war experience to China.

In the second half of 1918, Lieutenant General Chen Yi was the head of the Chinese [***] affairs observation delegation arrived in France, and led an officer observation group of more than 200 people to join the British, French and American forces, and it can be said that he participated in the whole process of the Battle of the Marne jointly launched by Britain, France and the United States in the second half of 1918. Step-Tan Coordinated Tactical Summary".

Subsequently, Lieutenant General Chen Yi briefly served in the Ministry of Armament for two months in China as the director of weapons to guide the research and development of a new generation of tanks and armored vehicles in China, and then succeeded Lieutenant General Xu Jingqing, who had been in Russia for a year and a half, as the commander of the Tenth Army, and also served as the deputy commander of the Chinese troops in Russia. The commander of the 12th Army is General Xu Lishan, one of the major generals in the Chinese Army today, and is also the commander-in-chief of the Chinese forces in Russia.

Shut down

Although Chen Yi's 10th Army was deployed in the Far East, thousands of kilometers away from Omsk, this did not affect Chen Yi and a group of officers to the front line to observe the progress of the war.

Looking through the telescope at the Russian Defense Forces and the Soviet Army still using the tactics of the early stage of World War I, Chen Yi shook his head: "They are already behind the times!" ”

Chen Yi's side was Major General Chen Jingfei, and Chen Jingfei also put down the telescope at this time and said: "This kind of tactic is quite standard for them without tanks!" ”

Speaking of this, Chen Jingfei said: "Don't talk about them." Even we don't have many tanks ourselves! ”

Although Chen Jingfei did not take part in the thrilling European tank battle last year, he only had his turn to go to France at the end of last year, and like other generals, he stayed for half a year before returning to China, and he only returned to China last month when he returned to China to appoint deputy chief of staff of the 12th Army.

Chen Yi said: "At present, our army has less than 300 tanks, and the gap with other countries in the world is too great, so we must increase the number of tanks." And I don't know what the group of people in the staff thought about concentrating all the tanks into an armored division and a few motorized infantry divisions, which is how to support infantry operations in wartime. Now in Europe, Britain, France, Germany, and the United States, which one is doing this? ”

Chen Yi was seriously dissatisfied with the use of tanks in a centralized manner, and if it was said that they should be concentrated for training, it would be forgotten, but until now, China's tank units have always been concentrated in one division, and there is no sign of separating them to reinforce the various infantry divisions; after Chen Yi returned to China, he submitted several proposals requesting that each division be assigned an additional tank battalion, but they were ruthlessly refuted by the General Staff.

This is also the reason why he was very unhappy when he took office as the director of weapons after returning to China, and he was seriously not serious about the concept of the new tank and the use of tanks and Fang Dashan and Zuo Yugang, the deputy chief of operations of the General Staff, and others, Fang Dashan and Zuo Yugang's concept of tanks was deeply impressed by Chen Jingyun, and from the moment he established the tank force, he held the concept of centralized use of tanks, and this concept came from some of what Chen Jingyun saw and heard in later generations. Dispersal was a backward tactic of the First World War. However, it has to be said that this concept is somewhat advanced, and now the development of tanks in the world is far greater than that of the First World War in history, and because of the existence of trenches, the tank is dispersed, and the use of breakthrough to break through the trench to provide cover and support for the infantry infantry The infantry coordination tactics have been brought into full play. Chen Yi and some of the officers who participated in the European Military Observer Mission were deeply influenced by this philosophy.

Although they all agree to vigorously develop tanks, but how to develop tanks, how to use tanks is too different, Chen Yi advocated the design of thick armored tanks when he was the director of weapons, mainly used to forcibly break through the enemy's defense line, and this is also the mainstream tank development direction on the European battlefield, in 1918 when Germany's PAK18 anti-tank gun shined, the tank design of Britain and France suddenly turned to thick armor, more than 30 tons, even more than 40 tons, equipped with a number of large-caliber artillery, Heavy tanks with a speed of only about ten kilometers became the mainstream of design.

China's tanks have developed three generations before and after, from the first generation of T1 and T2, to the second generation of tanks represented by T3, T4 and T5, and the third generation of tanks represented by the T6 medium tank and T7 heavy tank that were finalized in 1919. The T6 medium tank, which has already begun to be put into production in small quantities, has reached speeds of up to 30 km/h, has been raised to 25 mm of protection, and is equipped with a new 57L40 tank gun. The T7 heavy tank has 50 mm of protection, equipped with a 75 mm tank gun, protection and firepower up at the same time did not fall speed, its maximum speed reached 20 kilometers, which is more than double the European mainstream tank below 15 kilometers, of course, the European mainstream heavy tank armor has basically reached 60 to 70 mm, which is thicker than China's heavy tank.

In Chen Jingyun's mind, tanks have never been infantry support weapons, but the main force used as fists, and a mixed armored force equipped with tanks, armored vehicles, motorcycles, and automobiles is enough to become a strategic force that can quickly advance and break through the enemy's defense line in a short period of time and insert it into the heart of the enemy. As for being used as an infantry support weapon, when China's annual tank production reaches more than tens of thousands of tanks and is not exhausted, it will consider equipping ordinary infantry with support tanks.

Because of these differences in concepts, Chen Yi was depressed for two months in the position of weapons director, and then revealed that he didn't want to be the weapons director, although Chen Yi's concept of tanks was different from his own, but Chen Jingyun knew that this person was talented, and Chen Yi's lame general's nickname was a well-known name in the Chinese army, so Chen Yi was transferred to Russia as the commander of the Tenth Army.

"It seems that I will have to write a letter to the president in a short time, no matter how the tanks are used, but the more the better!" When Chen Yi said this, he also thought about when China would be able to have thousands of tanks like the great powers.

Chen Yi, Chen Jingfei and others did not stay in Omsk for too long, and after staying for three days, they returned to the Russian rear. However, as soon as they left, there was critical news from Omsk, Kolchak's more than 400,000 troops attacked the Soviet army of less than 300,000 in the front At the same time, another Soviet army of more than 50,000 troops bypassed Omsk, defeated the two divisions of the Russian Defense Forces, and quickly marched to Karachinsk, and Karachinsk, as the rear of Omsk, held the Far Eastern Railway, and the two Russian Defense Forces divisions originally stationed in Karachinsk had been defeated by the Soviet army in the previous sortie. Now only seven or eight thousand people have fled back.

In addition to the more than 7,000 Russian Wehrmacht troops, Karachinsk also has the 1812 Infantry Battalion of the 18th Division of the Chinese Army and the 26th Reconnaissance Squadron of the 7th Wing of the Chinese Air Force.

The Soviet attack on Karachinsk, which was located in the rear, after a detour of hundreds of kilometers, put the Russian Defense Forces on the back foot, which turned into a major crisis after two Russian Defense Army divisions were routed.

Almost the day the news was received, the 26th reconnaissance squadron of the Chinese Air Force began to prepare to move to the rear, the Chinese troops did not have the responsibility to fight hard with the Soviet army, and the Chinese air force and army deployed in Karachinsk together were only 1,000 people, and it was impossible to play any role in this battle of hundreds of thousands of troops.

However, when China wanted to leave, the Soviet army came too fast, and before the Chinese troops could board the train and retreat, a Soviet cavalry division had already cut off the railway, and the 1812 infantry battalion of the Chinese army had to prepare for combat and ask for help from the division headquarters of the 18th Division at the same time.

After receiving the telegram for help, the 18th Division quickly dispatched troops, and at the same time uploaded the news to the military headquarters of the 12th Army, and after this layer of transmission, it did not take long for the news that an infantry battalion and a reconnaissance squadron were besieged in Karachinsk to appear in the Nanjing General Staff, and even Shen Gang was very troubled in the face of this situation.

Because the closest Chinese unit to Karachinsk was the 1811 Infantry Battalion in Tatarsk, two hundred kilometers away, while the 181 regimental headquarters and the remaining 1813 Battalion were in Barabinsk, four hundred kilometers away. And the main force of the 18th Division is still thousands of kilometers away in Novosibirsk. In short, the 18th Division was responsible for suppressing local guerrillas and garrisoning the railway, almost scattered along the thousands of kilometers of the front road, and it was impossible to concentrate a large number of main forces to participate in the battle or rescue in a short period of time.

However, now there is an infantry battalion surrounded by nearly tens of millions, as soon as this happened, Shen Gang knew that this matter was not only the military's own business, and immediately reported to Chen Jingyun and channeled the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, on the other hand, he strictly ordered the 18th Division to concentrate its forces and quickly rush to Karachinsk to ask for help from the besieged 1812 Infantry Battalion.

On June 28, 1919, the Soviet army began a large-scale offensive against the Russian army and the Chinese [***] team in Karachinsk, and the Soviet commander at the front, Lieutenant General Limbeth, was a stubborn Social Laborist, believing that China had fully supported the Russian Defense Forces, so it was natural to start a war with the Soviet army, so he refused the Chinese 1812 Infantry Battalion's request to evacuate without notifying Moscow.

Major Hong Xiangzhi of the 1812 Infantry Battalion was forced to direct the troops for defensive operations and request urgent support from the rear!

More than a year after the Chinese [***] team entered Russia, it was finally inevitable that there would be a formal large-scale battle with the Soviet army!