readx; The changes in China's civil war have also caused many disputes among many factions in the country, and the political arena in recent years has been in danger because of various internal contradictions, and in the past two years, it has been because of the tight financial pressure, and the political axe wants to reduce military spending, and the military factions are vigorously opposed, which directly led to political turmoil, and the cabinet has been overthrown again and again, but they have never been able to solve the contradiction between the army and the political axe, and in February this year, after Katsura Taro was forced to resign again, The first to succeed was Yamamoto Guarden, who came from the navy, thus ending the 'Ryan period' that lasted for more than ten years. Pen, fun, pavilion www. biquge。 info

The first thing Yamamoto Guarden, who was born in the navy, did when he came to power was to abolish the military attache system of the Minister of War and force the Army's Yama Prefecture Aritomo to lose the most advantageous weapon to check and balance the cabinet.

After the fall of the Saionji Konobo cabinet again, it did not mean that the battle between the navy and the army, the army and the political axe stopped, and immediately after the fall of the Saionji Konobo, he joined forces with the Yamamoto guard power of the navy, and used the slogan of 'maintaining the constitution and fighting the lord clan' to pull down Katsura Taro who was pushed out by Yamaguchi Yutomo again.

Saionji Gongwang and Yamamoto Guardian joined forces, which also means that the political axe civilian system and the navy joined forces, and the army's Yama Prefecture Aritomo also had to temporarily avoid the edge, and the next thing was quite smooth, and Yamamoto Guardian successfully became the prime minister. Since the Southwest War, the status of the navy has declined sharply, and although the status of the navy has continued to rise after the First Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Russian War, it has not yet reached its peak, but after Yamamoto Guardian, who came from the navy, became prime minister in February this year, it represents the all-round rise of the navy in the country.

The first thing Yamamoto did after becoming prime minister was to abolish the military attaché system for the Minister of War, and the second thing was to set a new round of fleet fleet plans for the Navy, increase the appropriation for the second ship of the battleship Fuso, the Yamashiro, and officially start construction in November.

In contrast, the plan proposed by the army to increase the number of six standing divisions and regiments in 10 years was directly rejected, which made the army's Yama Prefecture Youpeng and others vomit blood.

Now that the situation in China was once again in turmoil, and seeing that Chen Jingyun in the south was about to unify China by force, the army of Yama Prefecture once again demanded the establishment of three additional standing divisions on the grounds that the Imperial Army was facing a major threat in Korea and Kwantung Prefecture, thus once again triggering a struggle between the army and navy and the political axe.

As long as he becomes prime minister for one day, the army will not want to expand the number of soldiers, let alone expand several standing divisions, but on the contrary, he will reduce the army's military expenditure, and demand that the army be reduced to save military spending to maintain the development of the navy......

When this kind of dispute between sea and land was concretely mentioned in the China policy, it was said, "There is no chance of sending troops to intervene in the civil war, and not only is it said that the navy and political axe in China are vigorously opposed, but even the great powers cannot sit idly by and watch" this send troops to China.' In particular, Britain is probably the one that opposes it most fiercely, and Britain is the country that most hopes that China will maintain stability, because only in this way can it guarantee Britain's interests in China, and it does not want to say that "this is the expansion of its influence in China, still less does it want the United States to expand its influence in China."

For example, they actively liaised with a few small warlords in the northeast, and said, "Although the political axe said that it would not support the army's plan to expand its troops or even attack China in order to suppress the army, it does not mean that it is indifferent to the Chinese civil war."

However, unlike the radicalism of the army, the policy that Saionji Konobu and Yamamoto Guardian and others wanted was to embrace the Huairou Chinese establishment, turning military aggression into economic infiltration, and treating China as a raw material supplier and market product, rather than a part of the imperial territory. In fact, this is what Ben has been doing for nearly a decade, and this kind of policy is unlikely to change until the Army completely controls the political axe.

And the concrete embodiment is that he said, "Ben Zhengax made the decision to continue to support Yuan Shikai, increase the speed of arms supply to Yuan Shikai, and at the same time send some instructors to train Yuan Shikai's newly established 12th and 13th divisions." In addition, Yuan Shikai was also offered conditions such as building a railway, in exchange for the loan provided by Yuan. On the other hand, it has stepped up support for several warlords in the northeast.

In addition to continuing to provide limited support to Yuan Shikai, Gongwang and others of Xiyuan Temple also instructed the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to contact the Republic of Nanjing.

In fact, he said that "Ben is now very close to Nan Jiu Jingyun, although the support from the United States has become the main support of the Nanjing Republican Axe, but Ben Ren was the second largest supporter of Chen Jingyun, and this support is not without returns, although the American businessman has obtained great commercial benefits in South China, but he himself has also followed closely and expanded a lot of markets." On the other hand, Chen Jingyun has never expressed his malice towards the book in public, and Chen Jingyun's experience of studying abroad in the book and the previous loan cooperation between the two parties have made the people of the navy and the civilian system still maintain a good impression of Chen Jingyun, and think that Chen Jingyun is one of the good candidates for the Huairou policy, at least much better than Yuan Shikai.

Xiyuan Temple Gongwang and Yamamoto Weiquan also have such an idea, if they really can't stop Chen Jingyun from unifying China, then at least they must maintain a good relationship with Chen Jingyun, of course, this good relationship is not to win over, but to get more benefits, saying, "The benefits that could have been obtained from Yuan Shikai, they believe that they can also get from Chen Jingyun."

The relationship between countries is complex, and there is no need to explain the entanglement of various interests in simple words.

The United States is naturally happy, but it is not happy to continue to throw tens of millions of dollars to Chen Jingyun, and now the United States' investment in Chen Jingyun has been fruitful, and the next step is not to continue to invest but to need returns, and the Americans' money does not come out of thin air, and after seeing that Chen Jingyun has controlled the situation, he will naturally not continue to provide Chen Jingyun with unlimited funds.

Although the British side was a little disappointed and depressed, but Britain and Yuan Shikai are not brothers in life and death, and Britain's policy of dialogue is very clear and very simple, that is, to support the most powerful side, to keep China stable, to avoid the situation in the Far East from turbulence, to avoid Russia or Ben to take benefits from it, thereby destroying the balance in the Far East. The British have been playing balancing politics for hundreds of years, and they used to play it this way, and they still play it this way.

Seeing that Yuan Shikai's Beiyang Army could not hold on, the British side also had other ideas, especially after Chen Jingyun privately promised to recognize the previous series of treaties, and even after the aftermath of the first half of this year, the British no longer insisted on opposing Chen Jingyun, and even vaguely had the idea of supporting Chen Jingyun to unify China.

The British simply wanted whoever kept China stable and balanced in the Far East, they would support whomever they wanted.

Now the Beiyang Army has not been completely defeated, although it has lost many main forces in Jiangbei, but the emaciated camel is bigger than the horse, and the Beiyang family is still a lot, and the follow-up situation has to be seen.

As for Germany, France and Russia, they can't take care of their own affairs, so what energy do they have to intervene in the civil war, even France, which is close to Yungui, only puts limited energy on Tang Jiyao, but this is only limited to selling weapons to Tang Jiyao, and there are not too many others.

As for Germany, seeing that the flames of the Chinese civil war were about to spread to the Shandong region, although the Germans were concerned, it was impossible to say how many troops they sent to Qingdao and Shandong under the tense situation in Europe, and whether it was the Beiyang political axe or the Nanjing political axe, in the face of Germany's demand that both sides should not carry out large-scale war acts in Shandong to avoid affecting German interests, they all scoffed, and the Beiyang Army and the Nationalist Army fought for so long in the face of Germany's demand that both sides should not carry out large-scale war acts in Shandong to avoid affecting German interests. What's more, if Germany has such a small interest in Shandong, will it give up Shandong because of the opposition of the Germans when it really comes to a life-and-death juncture?

This kind of thing will not be done by the Beiyang Army, and neither will the Nationalist Army, and as for protests, let them protest

Although various countries have different reactions to the Chinese civil war, they have generally remained calm, and for the time being, there has been no direct dispatch of troops, and as long as it is not an actual dispatch of troops, those verbal protests can be directly ignored. Now the relations between the countries in these years are simple and naked, either war or peace, and there is no difference between verbal protest and farting.

After the Beiyang Army retreated to Xuzhou in late November and abandoned Qingjiangpu, the First Army and the Third Army of the Nationalist Army marched together and engaged the main force of the Beiyang Army on the front line of Xuzhou.

A few days later, the first division of the Beiyang Army transferred from the Gyeonggi area and two other mixed brigades arrived in Xuzhou one after another, which was able to stop the attack of the Nationalist Army.

At this time, the weather was already extremely cold, and the heavy snow that had been brewing for a long time finally fell in the Xuzhou area, and the ammunition and other supplies of the front-line troops of the National Army had also dropped below the warning line, and the logistics department had begun to restrict the supply of ammunition to the front-line troops, and even the front-line artillery regiment could not even meet the ammunition of a base. In this way, after launching the last large-scale offensive and unable to achieve an effective breakthrough, Shen Gang of the General Staff finally issued a famous forest to the troops on the front line to suspend the offensive and recuperate.

Thus, the large-scale combat operation launched by the Nationalist Army began on 4 August to 5 December, which lasted for four full months. During these four months, the Nationalist Army invested all its main forces on all fronts, suffered more than 50,000 casualties, and consumed 90 percent of the ammunition that the Nationalist Army had purchased and produced in its own reserves for more than a year. In addition, the Ministry of Finance of the National Army has already spent tens of millions of additional military expenses in order to replenish the ammunition of the troops, and it can be expected that in order to replenish the ammunition and materials of various units and re-hoard enough ammunition to launch a large-scale campaign, the Ministry of Finance of the National Army will have to pay at least tens of millions of military expenses for this.

The price was so high, and the same gain was equally great, not only to obtain the two provinces of Anhui and Jiangsu, but also to lay the foundation for the unification of China in one fell swoop, and the officers in the staff department had even planned the spring offensive of the previous year in order to reach Yanjing in one fell swoop.

When the northern front temporarily calmed down, on the Hunan battlefield on the southern front, the Fourth Army of the Nationalist Army, the Gui Army and the Dian Army jointly won a victory, and after months of fierce fighting, Yang Shande finally could not resist the attack of the three warlords of the Southern Coalition Army, and led the remnants to retreat to Hubei on December 8.

However, after the defeat of Yang Shande, the ownership of Changsha, and even the ownership of the entire Hunan, also caused contradictions between the Nationalist Army, the Gui Army and the Dian Army

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