readx; In addition to limiting the total tonnage of capital ships of various countries, the restrictions on the number of battleships were strictly restricted, and the standard displacement should not exceed 35,000 tons, and the caliber of naval guns should not exceed 16 inches. Pen @ fun @ pavilion wWw. ｂｉｑUｇE。 ｉｎｆｏ

These two restrictions have caused headaches for the warship designers of various countries, because they have found that when designing a battleship, if they want to use 16-inch naval guns and can also obtain the corresponding protection capability, then the displacement needs to be at least 40,000 tons, which has been fully illustrated from the new battleships of Ben, the United States, Britain and China, whether it is the earliest Chinese Yandi-class battleship in service or the next Benkaga-class battleship or the South Dakota-class battleship of the United States. These battleships were all armed with sixteen-inch guns, and their displacement without exception rose to more than 40,000 tons.

Although there is a difference in protection capabilities, this is mainly due to the fact that the speed of these three warships is not only the same as the main guns, for example, the Kaga class has ten main guns and a speed of 26.5 knots, and the protection ability is also low. The South Dakota class of the United States has the strongest firepower of twelve main guns, as well as the strongest protection, but the speed is tragic. The firepower of China's Yandi class is only nine main guns, and the protection ability is stronger than that of the Kaga class in the middle, but it is far inferior to the South Dakota class, but the speed of the Yandi class is the fastest, and the maximum speed of 28 knots makes him the fastest battleship in the world today. There are not no capital ships that are faster than the Yandi, but those are all battle cruisers, such as the Amagi-class called 'Ben', such as the British Hood class, and the American Lexington class, these battle cruisers are fast and their firepower is not bad, but their protection capabilities are too poor.

Judging from the current development of battleships, only battleships equipped with 16-inch naval guns and with a standard displacement of more than 40,000 tons are qualified.

However, the Washington Naval Treaty forcibly limited the displacement of the battleship to 35,000 tons, which made the design of the battleship also encounter the embarrassment of the treaty-type heavy cruise design, that is, if you want firepower, there is no protection, or there is no speed with the above two, in short: firepower, protection, and speed must sacrifice one of the three.

Among the navies of various countries, even the Chinese navy, which pays the most attention to speed, puts firepower in the first place, otherwise it would not have compromised again and again on the speed in order to equip the Yandi class with nine sixteen-inch and fifty-fold main guns, reducing the speed from the original design of 30 knots to 29 knots, and the construction was once again forced to reduce the speed to 28 knots.

It is conceivable from this that in the eyes of the admirals of various countries, firepower is still the first element of warships, which is not only reflected in the design of treaty-type battleships, but also in the design of treaty-type heavy patrols carried out by various countries. It is completely different from the Shiguang-class under construction in China and the 15,000-ton Huatai-class 15,000-ton heavy patrol in service before.

Based on this, the first design goal of the Chinese Navy's latest treaty-type battleship is firepower, and the navy proposes that the new warship must have the maximum firepower possible.

In the naval battle of the East China Sea, not only did it say that the future capital ship must have a high speed, but the Chinese Navy also strengthened the principle of high-speed capital ships, so the navy proposed that the new warship must have the same speed as the Yandi class, so that in the future naval battle with the Yandi class can be tactically coordinated.

As for the protection capability, that is, how good it can be done under the condition of meeting the firepower and speed, and in the limited weight allocated to the protection, the combat distance of the navy will be further increased according to the future naval battle, especially in the case of visual distance diplomatic warfare under the condition of aerial observation, then the protection center of gravity of the warship should be further focused on the protection of horizontal armor, because in long-distance shelling, the angle of landing of the shell will become larger and larger, The record of hitting horizontal armor and the top armor of the turret would be much higher than the record of shells hitting the side armor. In addition, the power of the shell will also change with the increase of the engagement distance, the farther the engagement distance, the less threatening the shell to the side armor, but the relative power of the horizontal armor will increase.

"Based on the experience of previous engagements and the data of many tests, we believe that in future naval battles, when long-range artillery battles are conducted, horizontal armor will face a far greater threat than broadside armor." When Vice Admiral Cheng Biguang explained the design elements of the new warship to the technical experts of the Department of Naval Administration, he mentioned more than once the important surname of the requirement for horizontal armor.

When the navy came to these conclusions based on the experience of previous naval battles in the East China Sea and various tests, it put forward corresponding design requirements.

In addition to treaty restrictions and predictions of future naval warfare methods, another important factor restricting the design of China's new warships is technical limitations.

To build a battleship, in addition to the specific details of the hull construction and the design of the battleship, the most influential are three aspects: armor, power system, fire system.

For today's China, the restrictions on armor are not large, China's domestic new warship steel, including ordinary shipbuilding steel or armor steel has been provided by a number of iron and steel enterprises, including Southeast Iron and Steel Company, Wuhu Iron and Steel Company, Wuhan Iron and Steel Company, these three major domestic iron and steel enterprises, the technology is advanced and backward, technically speaking, Wuhan Iron and Steel Company, which developed from Hanyang Iron Works, is the most backward, and its production is also the largest road color Krupp armor, That is, the standard armor steel CKC armor steel in the current Chinese Navy. As the first domestic company to introduce and produce CKC armor steel on a large scale, Southeast Iron and Steel Company is the largest supplier of armor steel in China.

As for Wuhu Iron and Steel Company, it was originally a joint venture between Southeast Iron and Steel Company and Bethlehem Iron and Steel Company of the United States, but later when Huaxia Bank was reorganized, a number of enterprises under Huaxia Bank also carried out asset restructuring, in order to avoid the Chinese people accusing Southeast Iron and Steel Company of being a trust enterprise and monopolizing the domestic steel market, so Huaxia Bank directly stripped Wuhu Iron and Steel Plant and Southeast Iron and Steel Company from assets, and re-established Wuhu Iron and Steel Company. The holding model is a joint venture between Huaxia Bank and Bethlehem of the United States.

In fact, Huaxia Bank was originally a super trust enterprise in China, monopolizing many domestic industries, and these monopolized industries are important industries related to the people's livelihood of the country, such as electric power, Fule Electric Company almost monopolizes all power-related industries in China, Fule Electric Company not only builds power stations, builds power grids, but also invests in the construction of cable factories, electric light factories and other power-related industries, and even radio, telephones are products of Fule Electric Company. The same is true for the steel industry, the largest steel company in China, Southeast Iron and Steel Company, is a wholly-owned enterprise of Huaxia Bank, the second largest steel company Wuhu Iron and Steel Company is a joint venture between Huaxia Bank and Bethlehem, and the third largest steel company in China, Wuhan Iron and Steel Company, Huaxia Bank also controls up to 65% of the shares, and there are several other iron and steel companies are also inseparable from Huaxia Bank.

However, although Huaxia Bank controls most of the iron and steel enterprises, Huaxia Bank only controls them in capital, in fact, the operation and business of these enterprises are still readable, and the three major iron and steel companies are still the biggest competitors among each other.

Among the three major iron and steel enterprises, Wuhu Iron and Steel Company is a joint venture between Huaxia Bank and Bethlehem Iron and Steel Company of the United States, and Bethlehem Iron and Steel Company also controls the controlling stake of Wuhu Iron and Steel Company, and according to the relevant contracts in the early years, Wuhu Iron and Steel Company can introduce the latest patented technology of Bethlehem Iron and Steel Company, so technically speaking, Wuhu Iron and Steel Company, which stands behind Bethlehem Iron and Steel Company, is the most advanced, not only the most high-quality CKC armor manufactured, In addition, the latest BTC armor developed by Bethlehem was introduced.

BTC armor is the latest product of the Bethlehem Company, all battleships and battlecruisers built by the United States after World War I are made of this armored steel, and the Chinese Yandi-class battleships built in the United States are no exception to the same BTC armor steel.

Therefore, the armor steel of China's new warships will also use BTC armor steel, which can be used in several major technical problems in building battleships, and armor is the best part to solve.

In second place is the power system, China's steam turbine power system has not been very good, although the country has been developing for many years, in order to support the domestic steam turbine industry, many warships of the Navy are also using domestic steam turbines, including heavy cruisers, aircraft carriers, and those light cruisers and destroyers are using domestic steam turbines. However, on the Yaodi-class battleships that were planned to be built before, the Yaodi-class battleships that were built twice and dismantled twice did not plan to use domestic steam turbines, but were ready to be imported.

And this time, whether the power system is made domestic or imported, it depends on the domestic industrial sector and the navy, but in general, whether it is imported or domestic, the power system will not have much of a problem, even if it cannot be imported, it can be used in a domestic way.

There is really only one thing that really bothers and hinders the design and construction of China's new battleships, and that is the main gun!

Whether it is to use the Chinese Navy's 16-inch 50-fold guns, the 16-inch 45-fold guns, or the 15-inch naval guns, the domestic arsenals cannot provide them, so they can only use imports.

The development of China's naval artillery can be regarded as rapid, and at present, there is no big problem with the production of naval guns with a caliber of less than eight inches, although the eight-inch naval guns produced now are still the technical level of the Americans before World War I, but they will not be too bad. As China's largest and only large-caliber naval gun manufacturer, the Shanghai Arsenal has been working large-caliber naval guns.