The imperial examinations in the Ming and Qing dynasties became more and more annoying, the county examinations, the government examinations, and then the township examinations, but in the Song Dynasty, there were only three levels of imperial examinations, and there were no county examinations. When the Song Dynasty was founded, there were few readers!

Later, the system of locking the court and transcribing names was implemented to make the imperial examination more fair. However, there are still many drawbacks, first of all, the examination is not strictly controlled, there have been many cases of fraud, the quality of the guide is strict, and the good and the bad are uneven, and some people use a pseudonym to go to the imperial examination because of their bad background, or take advantage of the inconsistent time of the examination in various states, and use several "vests" to participate in many examinations, and even some people are lucky enough to learn and learn, and can be on the list of three or four state capitals.

Therefore, in the Qingli New Deal, Fan Zhongyan also initiated a series of reforms to the imperial examination. If the number of students in the department reaches 200 or more, it is allowed to set up another county school to save money. If the situation in this state and county is poor, then according to the Wenxuan Wang Temple (Confucian Temple) or the official house as a school, the professor is selected from among the officials of each state and county, and if there is no chief among the officials, then a person with virtue and art industry will be selected in this place for a term of three years.

Students must have two people to protect the students, and the students must be from their hometown, or have lived in the village for a long time, and all of them are filial piety, have not been in a lawsuit, or have not been in a lawsuit, and the circumstances of the lawsuit are not bad, in order to be eligible for admission. Students must study for 300 or 500 days in a state school to be eligible for the imperial examination.

At the same time, there must be three people to guarantee that the test child has not committed seven things, and one is hidden and observed; 2. Have committed criminal responsibility; Three are not filial piety, and the traces are clear; Fourth, if he violates the constitution, he will be punished twice, or he will not be redeemed, and he will harm the village; Five are non-local, fake households are impersonated; The sixth ancestor and father committed more than ten heinous crimes; The seven bodies are miscellaneous industrial and commercial and those who have been monks, and they are not allowed to respond. If it is Guozijian and Kaifeng test, five people are required to guarantee it! In addition, students must be inspected and reviewed by local officials before they can take the exam. If there is a mistake, the guarantor and the official will be punished together.

Jinshi tried to dismiss the scriptures, Moyi, the first policy, one question about the history, the second question about current affairs, and then try to discuss, the second test poem Fu each one, and a series of other details of the adjustment. The Nine Classics, the Five Classics, the Three Rites, the Three Transmissions, the Three History, and the Ming Law have also been simplified and adjusted. The Zhulu Prefecture Government will no longer seal and transcribe; The Guozijian, Kaifeng Mansion Liberation Examination, Provincial Examination, and Palace Examination are still sealed and transcribed.

This reform tied the imperial examination with the state and county schools, and further stimulated the development of education. The guarantee system ensures the morality of students, and at the same time improves the status of policy, which is equivalent to allowing students to learn and apply it, rather than rote memorization and becoming nerds one by one.

However, there are also many disadvantages, such as the elimination of the examination without the implementation of the name system, students do not dare to use vests to take the exam, but fraud and unfairness have become more severe. Students who enter the state and county schools will be exempted from forced labor by their families, but they have to pay for their own food and accommodation when they go to study, and how many children from poor families are willing to protect them? It is equivalent to raising the threshold of the imperial examination, and many poor students want to make the imperial examination more difficult, which is inconsistent with the "Qi people" system in the Song Dynasty.

The following year, Yu Jing went to the book, in order to let Han Shi make a living and study, so he reduced the listening and reading time or canceled it directly. In the third year, Yang Cha wrote a book again, "Poetry is easy to test, but it is difficult to know the sweat of strategy", and abolished the system of first policy and then poetry. A few years later, it was recorded in the state and county.

However, some are retained, such as the guarantee system, and some continue to be affected, although the qualification of the imperial examination is no longer linked to the state and county schools, but because of the cumbersome review, students from various states and counties are still preferred. For example, Su Dongpo, although his father is a great writer, his mother Cheng is a talented woman, when he was a child, he also sent him to Sanfeng Mountain Taoist Temple to study Mengxue, and later saw that Su Dongpo didn't study all day, only knew how to play, Cheng took him back again, personally educated, and then sent to his hometown private school Shixiang Temple to study, and later sent to the county school, and even in order to take care of him, the family had to move into the city to rent a house to live. Although Fan Zhongyan promoted state and county learning, he more or less pit the children of poor families.

In short, like the rest of the Qingli reform, it was an immature innovation.

Especially for Xia Zhu, you must know that without Lu Yi and Jian Xia Zhu, Fan Zhongyan and Han Qi would not have come to power so smoothly, but the gentlemen are too harsh. Personally, I think that the two words should describe Fan Zhongyan, broad!