readx; On September 16, Admiral Alexander Vasilyevich Kolchak, former Admiral of the Imperial Russian Empire, commander of the Black Sea Fleet, and the first to declare allegiance to the Provisional Political Axe after the abdication of the Tsar of the February Revolution, arrived in Shanghai, where he met with the ministers of various countries in China and gave a speech strongly opposing the massacre carried out by the Socialist Workers. Pen ~ fun ~ pavilion www.biquge.info

The republican political axe in Nanjing, China, showed great welcome to Kolchak's arrival, and even sent a welcoming delegation headed by Anwarin, president of the State Council, to welcome Kolchak's arrival at Nanjing South Railway Station.

In the evening of the same day, the Nanjing Republican Axe held a grand dinner for Kolchak and other former Tsarist Russian military dignitaries in exile in China, and President Chen Jingyun personally attended, praised Kolchak's great feelings of preparing to return to Russia to resist the brutal rule of the Socialist Workers, and promised that the Chinese people would stand with the Russian people.

The promise from Chen Jingyun made the Russian admiral full of confidence in the journey back home, especially when he received the promise from Chen Jingyun again, China will continue to fulfill the obligations of the allies of the Entente and continue to provide weapons and ammunition and other materials for part of the Russian army, which naturally refers to the part of the Russian army in the Far East.

However, everything comes at a price, and on September 17, the Russian Interim Prime Minister Kerensky, who was in exile in France, formed a government-in-exile cabinet, and Admiral Kolchak, who was in China, was appointed Minister of Military Affairs.

At the same time, Kolchak signed an agreement with China on behalf of the Provisional Ruler in Exile, Russia and China redrew the border line, Russia recognized Outer Mongolia as Chinese territory, and at the same time, for the sake of Sino-Russian friendship, Russia returned the territories ceded to Russia in the former Qing Dynasty, including Sakhalin Island and the Trans-Khingan Mountains and the western part of Xinjiang Province!

When Chen Jingyun looked at the Sino-Russian Nanjing Treaty in his hand, his face was full of smiles, and An Hualin and others around him were also full of smiles: "Such an opportunity can be regarded as a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity!" ”

Chen Jingyun said: "This kind of thing that boosts the morale of the people must be well publicized and greatly publicized!" ”

Speaking of this, Chen Jingyun turned his head to look at Army General Shen Gang, and then said: "I have already read the unified establishment plan of the army, very good, it is necessary to change the division of the two-regiment system to a division of the three-regiment system, and the missing part of the artillery can be drawn from the reading artillery unit, and the missing part will be slowly supplemented later, and the shelf of the three-regiment system will be put up first!" ”

Hearing this, Shen Gang was overjoyed: "President Mingjian! ”

In the 1915 reorganization plan, the army carried out brigade to division planning, so that the 1-32 divisions in the national army system were three infantry regiments and one artillery regiment, while the remaining 33-59 divisions were two infantry regiments, and the artillery was only one battalion of compendium. The army has always wanted to be able to turn these simple formations into integrated divisions, but it was previously limited by factors such as excessive salaries of personnel and the state of peace and could not be completed, and now it is seen that the country is about to intervene in the Russian civil war for the more than 1.5 million square kilometers of land, so the expansion of the army is imperative, and the implementation of compulsory soldiers has greatly reduced the salaries of personnel, although it is unrealistic to add a new number, but it is what the army has always hoped for to change those simplified establishments into integrated divisions, and after changing these 26 simplified establishments into integrated divisions, The size of the army can be expanded by at least 100,000 men.

With the signing of the Sino-Russian Treaty of Nanjing, China was in a state of euphoria, and even the pacifists in normal times retracted their necks when faced with the 1.5 million square kilometers of land, and did not speak out against sending troops.

In addition to seeking an agreement with China to make China give up its support for White Russia, but also to make an armistice with Germany in order to deal with the Russian civil war with all its strength, the Social Workers Party quickly signed an armistice treaty with Germany, the so-called Brest-Litovsk Treaty.

This treaty was more harsh than the Treaty of Nanking signed between the Russian Provisional Government and China, which stipulated that Soviet Russia recognized Finland, Ukraine, and Georgia, and was obliged to conclude peace with the Ukrainian People's Republic immediately;

Soviet Russia ceded Estland, Livland, Courland, Lithuania, and Russian Poland to the German Empire and Austria-Hungary, and only Germany and Austria had the right to determine the future political status of the above-mentioned places; Soviet Russia withdrew from the provinces of Ardakhan, Kars, and Batumi, and was taken over by the Ottoman Turkish Empire; Soviet Russia dismantled all the fortifications on the Aran Islands, and its future status was determined by the four countries of Germany.

Shut down

If the Treaty of Nanking caused Russia to lose more than 100 square kilometers of barren land in the Far East and lose face, then this Soviet-German armistice treaty completely sent half of Russia out, and this treaty caused Russia to lose more than 60 million people, equivalent to 44% of Russia's population at that time, and 33% of agricultural products; industrial losses of 54%; 80% loss in the sugar industry; iron ore losses of 73%; 75% of coal mines were lost; The loss of fiscal revenues was about 27 per cent, in addition to war reparations amounting to billions of marks. Of course, the reason given by Lenin is that this is just a diplomacy of space in exchange for time, and when the strength is strong, it can be taken back at any time, but in the eyes of others, this is simply a naked surrender.

And it was this Soviet-German pact that made a large number of Russians even more dissatisfied with the Social Workers and joined the Russian Provisional Regime!

In October, the Russian Provisional Political Axe officially positioned Vladivostok as the temporary capital, and then formed the Russian Provisional Political Axe Defense Army on the basis of the former Russian troops in Manchuria and part of the Russian army in the Far East, Kolchak became the commander-in-chief, and then the Czech Corps composed of prisoners of war from the Czech Republic, Austria-Hungary and other countries mutinied and controlled the Siberian Railway from Lake Baikal to the Ural Mountains, and the Russian Provisional Political Axe Wehrmacht formed by Kolchak from the Far East quickly advanced westward along the railway. At the same time, large-scale resistance forces appeared in other parts of Russia, and for a time, the smoke of gunpowder and explosions continued to rise everywhere in Russia.

The world situation in 1917 basically revolved around the civil strife in Russia, and the civil strife that broke out in Russia, as the main belligerent country, had affected not only them, but also the other belligerent countries!

The most obvious is that after the Soviet Union and Germany signed a formal armistice treaty in October, Germany and Austria-Hungary began to transfer a large number of troops to the Western Front, and for a time the pressure on the British and French forces increased rapidly, and the US army, which had just entered the war for a few months, landed on the European battlefield for the first time, and also tasted the taste of heavy casualties in the world war for the first time!

In the autumn offensive jointly launched by Britain, France and the United States in September 1917, the British and French forces suffered hundreds of thousands of casualties as always, and the American troops who participated in the large-scale battle for the first time suffered as many as 100,000 casualties in just one month, and the total number of troops landed in France at that time was only about 500,000!

Huge casualties, coupled with the advent of winter, and more importantly, after the German army finally forced Russia to surrender on the Eastern Front, Austria-Hungary and Germany transferred a large number of troops to the Western Front, making it impossible for the British, French, and American allied forces to advance an inch at all.

The situation of strategic confrontation between the two sides on the Western Front did not change in 1917, even after the British and French tanks appeared one after another, it still failed to change this situation, because only two months after the British and French tanks were on the battlefield, the Germans' own tanks were also on the battlefield, and if you take a closer look at these tanks in the European theater, then you will find that the appearance of these tanks is almost the same, and even the caliber of the main gun is the same.

And the reason why this situation has occurred is because their tanks are copied from the first generation of tracked tanks developed by China, the T1 tank.

The research and development of Chinese tanks began in 1914, in the same year the General Staff also established an armored section and began to develop and test equipment tanks, Wuhu Tractor Factory on the basis of the introduction of gasoline tractors, designed and developed a tank in China and the world, weighing five tons, using a 1916 47 mm twenty-five times gun and two heavy machine guns for firepower, while the front has up to 12 mm armor, the side also has six mm thick armor, the maximum speed is 12 kilometers per hour, The maximum range is fifty-three kilometers.

This is a fairly standard primitive infantry support tank, this tank officially named T-1 was developed after a small batch of equipment under the Armored Section of the test troops, and then the Armored Section of the subordinate test unit received the support of Chen Jingyun's personal instructions, every year has received a large amount of exclusive funds, the Armored Test Force has conducted a large number of tests on these armored vehicles, according to some problems that have arisen to re-design the T2 tank, that is a weight of six tons, It uses the same 1916 model 47L25 tank gun as the T1 tank, and the speed is all increased to 14 kilometers per hour. Compared with the first-generation T1 tank, the biggest improvement of this T2 tank is the use of many mature technical processes, which reduces the failure rate of the tank, while the other paper surnames are not much improved.

Then the T2 tank began to be equipped with armored test troops, in 1916 Chen Jingyun ordered the formation of an armored regiment based on the armored test battalion, at the end of the same year expanded into an armored brigade, mainly equipped with T2 tanks and supporting the development of M1 armored vehicles, M1 armored vehicles are based on the chassis of the truck produced by Zhongfu Automobile Company modified design, mainly after the installation of part of the armor to use its speed advantage to provide reconnaissance and other forces for the troops.

In order for the armored forces to have infantry support, the armored brigade has three motorized infantry battalions and a car-pulled field artillery battalion in addition to two tank battalions. In addition, there are many auxiliary forces such as: Rapid Engineer Battalion, Rapid Baggage Battalion, etc., this armored brigade is a model for combining rapid mobile units.

In addition to this armored brigade, the General Staff also decided to reorganize an infantry division into a motorized infantry division, preparing a large number of vehicles and motorcycles to equip it with the ability to quickly maneuver to support the armored brigade operations, and the reorganization of this motorized infantry division fell on the ninth division.

This armored brigade and a motorized infantry division are both experimental troops, and they are also the kind of highly secretive troops, such a thing as a tank Chen Jingyun hopes that others will know about it as soon as possible, but these large-scale changes in the establishment of troops can only be concealed from ordinary people, and they can't hide it from those foreign intelligence officers at all, the British were the first to know about the tank, and then they themselves were also carrying out relevant tank design, but the Chinese T1 tank came out earlier, And the surname can be better than they made it themselves, so the British quickly bought the design of the T1 tank from China and revised their tank design in a few ways, and the Germans also obtained some information about the Chinese tank through some intelligence channels, so it didn't take long for tanks to appear on the European battlefield.

At this time, the tank did not have the ability to change the situation of the war, the current role of the tank is only to support the infantry combat, and the tank in the Western Front is used to break through the enemy's trenches, but now the surname of the tank can not effectively complete this task, so after the tanks on both sides are put into the battlefield, they are quickly destroyed by the enemy's artillery fire, so that the loss of tanks on both sides is very fast, the German tanks were just put into the battlefield in November, and when they arrived in January 1918, The cumulative losses of the Germans were already more than two hundred tanks.

At this time, as the first country to develop tanks and install tanks, China had only more than 100 tanks in total, which shows how important the stimulation of war is to the development of armaments.