readx; At six o'clock in the morning of February 27, 1940, Soviet Russia officially issued an order for a temporary armistice, and the Soviet-Finnish war that began last winter and lasted until now is also over, and the next thing is for everyone to conduct various negotiations, because the Soviet army has already taken over most of Finland's territory, it is unrealistic to want Soviet Russia to get nothing, Chen Jingyun's idea is to let Finland pay a part of the price that can be beared, so as to exchange for respite for Finland. Pen ~ fun ~ pavilion www.biquge.info

Although both sides had already given the order for an armistice in the morning, when it came to the front, some small parts received these armistice orders some time later, and until the armistice order was obtained, they were still proceeding according to the original battle plan.

At 5:45 a.m. on the 27th, in a small valley in the northwest area of Olaf town, more than 30 tanks from China and the Soviet Union were engaged in the only tank duel in this conflict

On the Chinese side, a medium tank company under the jurisdiction of the Sixth Panzer Division has a total of 12 T9 tanks, while the Soviet army has a mixed BT-7 and T26 tank battalion with a total of about 20 tanks.

Originally, the task of these two tank units was to go to a certain area to support friendly forces, but they did not expect to meet here on a narrow road, since they met so naturally, it was a fight, not long after the battle began, the Soviet army was a little unable to hold on, although the Soviet army had many tanks, and it had an advantage in mobility, but the Chinese tank company was head-on with the Soviet tanks, and almost in the first few minutes, the oncoming Soviet tanks had been destroyed three or four, Then the T9 tank relied on powerful firepower and armor to continue to suppress the tanks that attacked the Soviet army.

But only ten minutes later, there was a Soviet tank unit in the northwest, and the number of this Soviet tank force was very small, only six, but the tanks they were equipped with were not the T26 and BT5 or BT7 that can be seen everywhere in the Soviet army, but the only KV heavy tank in large-scale service in the Soviet Army, the purpose of the Soviet Russians to develop the KV tank was to fight against the Chinese T9 tank, which was not weaker than the T9 tank in terms of firepower, and far more than the T9 tank in terms of protection.

The commander of the Chinese tank company frowned when he saw the KV tanks in the Soviet army, if the enemy only had these six KV tanks, then he could still rely on the numerical advantage to fight, but the Soviet army still has more than ten T26 and BT7 tanks, and their own side occupies an absolute disadvantage in numbers.

So he didn't hesitate too much, he immediately ordered a side-push, and at the same time asked for emergency support from the rear, when the subordinate battalion headquarters received the message of requesting support, it immediately asked for support from a nearby heavy armored battalion, and a few minutes later, four T11 heavy tanks began to rush to support.

At the same time, a small group of two B13 tactical bombers and two F4 fighters patrolling the nearby airspace had been ordered to rush to the area to provide air support for the engaged tank forces.

It didn't take long for the two Chinese T11 heavy tanks to arrive to support, and the four planes of the Air Force had already arrived and dealt a major blow to the Soviet tank forces below, and the two Soviet KV tanks were destroyed.

There were planes of the Chinese Air Force on the front-line battlefield, and naturally there were planes of the Soviet and Russian Air Forces, so soon six Soviet fighters patrolled arrived, and then a small group of Chinese Air Force planes arrived.

Half an hour later, after these troops on the front line received the armistice order one after another, only three of the six Soviet fighters in the sky were left, and only three of the four F4 fighters on the Chinese side remained, but one of their own B13 bombers was shot down. On the ground, the Soviet army's six KV tanks left four wreckage, and then withdrew from the battlefield with the remaining dozen or so T26 and BT7 tanks, and twelve T9 tanks also lost as many as four.

This small-scale engagement, although the amount of equipment involved in the battle was not large and the duration was very short, but it represented the most mature level of military equipment on both sides. Needless to say, China's T9 tank, the Soviet army's KV tank also played its due ability, of the four KV tanks destroyed, only one was destroyed by the Chinese T9 tank, and the remaining three were destroyed by B13 bombers from the air.

Facts have proved that the excellent protection of the KV tanks in the Soviet army is no longer what the T9 tanks can fight, and when the Chinese Army tested the wreckage of these captured Soviet KV tanks after the war, even the 75mm tank guns in the T12 tanks were a little choking on the KV tanks of the Soviet army.

In addition, the agents of the [***] intelligence department have found out that Soviet Russia is developing a medium tank that can compete with the T9 tank, and the firepower and protection are not weaker than the T9 series tanks equipped by China, so in this case, in addition to accelerating the service plan of the new generation of medium tanks T15, the army is also preparing to upgrade the existing T9 and T12 series tanks to explore the maximum potential of the T9 and 12 series tanks.

The T9 tank is ready to be replaced with a more powerful engine to increase speed, while the T12 tank is prepared to be replaced with a long-barreled 75 mm tank gun to strengthen the armor-piercing ability, and the Tank Section of the Armored Division of the Army Armament Department has also proposed a plan to replace the T12 with a larger caliber main gun, giving two replacement plans, one is 85 mm, and the other is 105 mm.

But this plan was rejected, the reason is very simple, first of all, the first plan is to need an 85 mm tank gun, and China has not developed a tank gun of this caliber before, when developing heavy tanks, it jumped directly to the 105 mm caliber, so just to improve the T12 tank to develop an 85 mm tank gun is a little bit out of the surname price ratio, because the T12 tank is currently close to the state of discontinuation, after four years of continuous production, The army has practically not placed an order for T12 tanks after 1939, and the current order for medium tanks is already the latest model of T15 tanks.

Therefore, just to improve the existing tank, a tank gun was specially developed, and the cost of modification was not low, so the army rejected this plan.

As for the plan to equip the 105 mm tank gun, this plan overlaps somewhat with the T15 tank plan in the army, because the T15 tank is equipped with a 105 mm caliber tank gun, or even in other words, the T15 is a major modification of the T12 tank equipped with a 105 mm tank gun after a large-scale modification.

For example, the T9 tank was developed on the basis of the T6 tank, and the T12 tank was also developed on the basis of the T9 tank, and the original T12 was only called T9U.

The same army's new generation of medium tank T15 is also a continuation of the T12 tank, strictly speaking, it is a remodeled version of the T12 tank, the initial research and development code is also called T12E, and the army only granted the T15 tank number after successful development. When the T15 was developed, the Soviet Army's new generation of medium tanks did not have a shadow, so there was no specific target when it was designed, because the T15 could not be found at that time, and the predetermined combat goal given by the Armored Division of the Army Staff was: "The enemy's new generation of tanks in the future!" ”

To put it bluntly, it is used to deal with those enemy tanks that have not yet been born and have not even developed a research and development plan, which belongs to the kind of precautions, as for how strong the enemy's tanks are in the future? Later, the army really couldn't find the intended target, because the new tank of each country was only China's T9 tank, and the new generation of tanks in various countries was not strong even if it was estimated that it would not be strong there, so the army put forward design requirements for its own idea of dealing with itself, and it was certain to fight against T12, and required a new generation of medium tanks in addition to maintaining the general type and cost of parts. Requires that it can compete with the T11 heavy tanks equipped in the army. That is, it is desirable to have a 105 mm caliber gun, have an off-road speed of more than forty kilometers, and have protection not inferior to the T11 tank.

In fact, this design goal is that the design goal of the T9 tank was similar, and the design goal of the T9 tank was not only to surpass the T6 tank in mobility, but also to have the protection and firepower of the T7 heavy tank.

The Chinese Army has set up its own targets and played by itself, which also shows that the design and development of Chinese tanks has actually surpassed many other countries. While countries are still thinking about how to counter the Chinese T9 tank, the Chinese T12 has been put into service in batches, and the T15 has begun to be developed.

The T15 tank was designed in 1939, and the track structure is still the same as that of the T9 and T12 series.

The hull mechanism has been extensively modified according to the prototype of the T12, the level of protection has been further strengthened, the thickness of the inclined armor on the front of the hull has reached 70 mm, and for the first time, an integrated cast turret has been adopted, and the thickness of the armor on the front of the turret has reached 90 mm, so strong protection is not much weaker than that of the T11 heavy tank. More importantly, the T15 medium tank uses the same caliber 105 mm tank gun as the T11 heavy tank, and unlike the 105 mm gun used in the T11 heavy tank, the 105 mm gun on the T15 is a lightweight version, with less weight but more power.

In terms of power, the new generation of gasoline engine SV550 developed by Shanghai Power Company is adopted, and the output power reaches 550 horsepower, which makes the off-road speed of the T15 tank reach 45 kilometers per hour, which is not only far more than the T11 heavy tank, but also surpasses the T12 tank by 40 kilometers per hour.

The weight of the T15 tank is not high, the weight of the whole vehicle is 35 tons, which is definitely higher than the T12 series tank, but in contrast, the T11 tank used up 45 tons of weight in order to equip the 105 mm caliber main gun and 100 mm of front armor, and the speed is only 35 kilometers.

After the design of the T15 tank was a certain type, it quickly took over the production plan of the T12 series of tanks, and was mass-produced as the army's main station tank in the forties, but it also took a certain amount of time to change production, and it was not a wartime period, and the current output was still relatively small, and there were only more than 100 vehicles at present, and in the process of mass production, it was found that the cost of T15 was higher than expected, which led to the Army Armored Department being looking for ways to reduce manufacturing costs, and the mass production plan was delayed.

However, after learning that the new generation of Soviet and Russian tanks has been developed and put into service, the Army Armament Department has also accelerated the service plan of the T15 tank.

In addition to the T15 medium tank, the T11 heavy tank has also been strengthened by firepower, and it is expected to raise the main gun from 105 mm to the level of 125 mm, after all, more than 30 tons of medium tanks have 105 mm guns, and you have a heavy tank of more than 40 tons and almost 50 tons of heavy tanks continue to use 105 mm guns, it will be too powerful, the improvement is also simple, the structure is inconvenient, and the new power system is replaced, and the new turret is replaced and a 125 mm caliber tank gun is installed. From a technical point of view, it is much simpler than the development and manufacture of the T15 tank.

This battle in a small valley not only made the Army determined to increase the service of new tanks, but also allowed the Air Force to accelerate the refitting program of a new generation of fighters.

In this war, the planes of the air forces of China and the Soviet Union are also similar, and the planes dispatched by everyone are not the most advanced, but they are definitely the most mature front-line forces, although the Chinese Air Force has more advanced F5, F6 and other fighters, but at present, the F4 fighter is still the main fighter of the Air Force. And the B13 bomber is also an old aircraft that has been in service for many years.

The B13 bomber, in fact, is a single-engine two-seat front-line bomber, is a front-line support bomber developed by the Air Force in the mid-thirties, is used to replace the B7 dive bomber, to carry out accurate bombing support for the front-line enemy, the combat target includes the enemy's fixed fortifications, tanks, fire points, etc., so it is required that this bomber needs a great bomb hit rate, so it adopts the mode of dive bombing, and the flight can not be too fast or too high, otherwise the ground target will not be found, Therefore, the combat altitude is very low, the speed is relatively slow, and when the flight is low and slow, it is natural to increase the armor of the fuselage to improve the protection of the surname, so the armor of the B13 is very thick. In addition, because this bomber has to support the front-line army at any time, it is required to be able to be on call, so it is generally deployed in the front, and the range is not high, because there is no need for that, you can't always fly slowly for a few hours to arrive at the combat area after others call for support. When these requirements were combined, the design of the B13 bomber was finalized, using the high-power air-cooled engine of Shanghai Power Company, the layout of a single engine and two seats, and the maximum speed of about 420 kilometers per hour in level flight.

This aircraft is somewhat similar to the German Stuka in terms of combat objectives and design intentions, but the B13 bomber has made its first flight in 1933, and it has begun to enter mass service in 1936, and it is now a very mature weapon in 1940, and the Stuka on the German side was in service much later, and many of the design details of the Stuka are borrowed from the B13 bomber.

However, unlike the Luftwaffe that attaches great importance to this kind of front-line support bombers, although the Chinese Air Force is also equipped with a lot of B13 and B7 series bombers, the number has not been too much, and they are basically deployed on the northwest front, mainly with armored forces, the two series of five or six models add up to more than 500 aircraft, far less than the high-altitude bombers in the Air Force, and the number of equipment of the B11 four-engine heavy bomber has exceeded 1,000 units, becoming the main bomber of the Chinese Air Force. The number of B12 twin-engine tactical bombers is less, but there are more than five hundred. Coupled with the old B8 bombers, in fact, the proportion of bombers in the Chinese Air Force is relatively high.

The development concept of the Chinese Air Force has always been to exist as an offensive air force, and the highest goal of the air force is to drop bombs on the enemy's head, and various military aircraft have been developed around this goal.

For example, in the eyes of some people, the fighter is the core of the Air Force, but in the eyes of the Chinese Air Force, the important surname of the fighter is far less important than the bomber, and the role of the fighter is to intercept the enemy's bombers and escort their own bombers.

Therefore, the specific design of the fighter also fully reflects this concept, such as the F4, a fighter in service in the mid-thirties, is a very typical escort fighter, the design goal is very simple, that is, to perform low-altitude interception, low-altitude escort and other tasks, the combat altitude is relatively low, because at that time, whether it was the Chinese Air Force or the Navy bombers, the flight altitude was relatively low, especially the flight altitude of those dive bombers of the front-line support aircraft was relatively low, so before the mid-thirties, The fighter of the Chinese Air Force attaches great importance to the combat surname of the medium and low altitude, but once the altitude is too high, then the surname can drop sharply, the F4 fighter of the Air Force is very good at the medium and low altitude, but once the altitude rises to more than seven thousand meters, then it is a rapid decline.

And at this time there is a problem, the Chinese Air Force is equipped with a large number of B11 heavy bombers at that time, and the combat altitude of the B11 heavy bomber can reach tens of thousands of meters, if you want to escort the B11 heavy bomber, in addition to the range requirements, also need the new fighter with excellent high-altitude ability.

And this is the source of the design of the F5 fighter, the purpose is very simple, that is, to escort the B11 heavy bomber, so the initial design goal is to put forward that the F5 fighter must have more than 3,500 kilometers, because the range of the B11 heavy bomber has reached 4,000 kilometers, and if the escort fighter has a short range, how can it be escorted. In addition, excellent high-altitude surname ability is required, because the cruising and combat altitude of the B11 bomber are very high, and the original design is to use the high-altitude advantage to avoid enemy ground fire and fighter interception.

In the era when the B11 bomber was designed and manufactured, there was no fighter that could maintain its excellent ability after reaching a combat altitude of tens of thousands of meters, and the B11 bomber naturally had a large amount of protective firepower and a strong body. But with the passage of time, in 1940 today, the development of aviation technology in just a few years has developed much faster than the entire twenties, a large number of excellent fighters in various countries in the late thirties test flights or service, the British Spitfire and Hurricane, Germany's ME109, said 'this navy's zero war, these aircraft surname can not be inferior to the Chinese F4 fighter in service in the mid-thirties.

It is also the countries that have successively put into service advanced fighters, forcing China to maintain the surname of the fighter in order to maintain the surname of the fighter, in the short five years from 1935 to 1940, put forward a large number of advanced fighter design schemes, including the F5 fighter, up to 3,600 kilometers of range, enough for it to provide full escort for the B11 heavy bomber, Chuzhou Aircraft Company R & D and production of high-power liquid-cooled engine is also equipped with a two-stage two-speed turbocharger, which makes the F5 fighter have excellent high-altitude ability.

Speaking of this two-stage two-speed turbocharger, in fact, it has a little relationship with the United Kingdom, this year countries have actually carried out turbocharging research, China, Britain, the United States and the Soviet Union is the way of abandoning supercharging, and Germany and said 'this side is taking the road of mechanical supercharging, China's turbocharger research and development is very early, but China's own technical foundation is weaker, the progress of research and development is a little slow, and later responsible for the development of turbochargers Fule Electric Company and the United Kingdom carried out technical cooperation, together with the development of turbochargers, Then it was successful, and successively used in various types of engines, and then it was the first to develop a multi-stage and multi-speed turbocharger, which laid the foundation for the Chinese fighter to improve its surname at high altitude.

Speaking from the heart, the fighting surname of the F5 fighter, especially the fighting surname of the medium and low altitude, is not much higher than the F4 fighter, but the advantage of the F5 fighter is that it has what other fighters have, and it does not have what others do not.

Of course, more importantly, the unit price of the F5 fighter is not high, although the F5 fighter adopts many new technologies, but the Air Force has placed an initial order of more than 500 aircraft at the beginning, and a large number of pre-purchase orders have made the R & D and production costs of the F5 fighter jet have been evenly spread a lot, and the final unit price has been pulled to a relatively low level, and the lower unit price has led to additional orders from the Air Force, so such a good surname cycle has come, the higher the output, the cheaper the average cost, after all, the development and production of a new fighter, It needs to develop many subsystems for it, and it needs to establish a special production line for it, these are the costs, if you produce one, then these costs must be counted in this aircraft, but if you produce a thousand, then these costs will be evenly distributed to this thousand, so for high-tech military equipment, the larger the mass production quantity, the cheaper the price.

In addition to the F5 main fighter, in fact, there are several different types of fighters in the Chinese Air Force, such as the F6 heavy fighter, which is a twin-engine fighter, which was originally designed to be used to escort bombers for long-range escort, but then the development of the F5 fighter was very fast, resulting in the F6 heavy fighter has not completed the research and development has been outdated, but the Air Force did not give up directly, but continued to develop and changed to a night fighter, the Chinese Air Force itself is playing bombers, Naturally, it is also to prevent others from bombing itself, and it is fine during the day, but at night, it is also a little difficult to rely on ground anti-aircraft artillery alone, so the Air Force wants to equip a special night fighter.

In addition, there is the F7 fighter, this fighter was originally developed by Guang'an Aircraft Company and Chuzhou Aircraft Company's F5 fighter to compete with the opponent, but at that time the Air Force paid more attention to the ultra-long range, so the F5 fighter with a long range won, and later the Guang'an Aircraft Company modified the original design, positioning it as a high-altitude interception fighter, that is, no longer focusing on the escort of ultra-long range, but focusing on the high-altitude interception of enemy bombers, with ultra-high speed, excellent high-altitude combat surname ability, and strong firepower, although the range is average, it is also about 2,000 kilometers. The Air Force has also procured a part, and its purpose is also very professional, that is, it serves as a territorial air defense fighter, which is mainly deployed in industrially developed areas in China.

In terms of territorial air defense alone, representatives in the Chinese Air Force are the F6 night fighter and the F7 high-altitude fighter. The F5 fighter in the Air Force is a front-line fighter, and the F4 fighter that has been relegated to the second line can only serve as a front-line medium and low-altitude operation.

In this era, no single aircraft can dominate the world, and the air forces of various aviation powers have a wide variety of aircraft, each of which undertakes different combat missions.