The Family and the Country Chapter 56 Made
A few days ahead of history, that is, on January 19, 1924, the 13th year of Shenwu, on January 19, 1924, the great revolutionary leader who had a great impact on human history passed away in Moscow.
That night, in addition to Trotsky, who was on vacation in the Caucasus and "would not be able to make it in time for the funeral even if he returned", Stalin, Zinoviev, Bukharin, Kamenev, Kalinin and Tomsky took a sleigh through the cold winter night to the village of Gork. Lenin's body was now resting on a table full of fir branches, the great Soviet Union, which had never changed the faith of the Orthodox people of the land, and the funeral would take place on the third day, according to Orthodox customs.
A few days later, hundreds of thousands of people, like their ancestors, walked past the body of Comrade Li Ning to pay their last respects. Those who could not come were in deep grief.
The reaction of ordinary people was this, and the members of the Standing Committee of the Central Committee, who were at the peak of their power, mourned the death of the leader, starting with the article "Orphans without Fathers" published by Comrade Bukharin, a brilliant theoretician in the Party, in Pravda, and then by Trotsky's telegram from the Caucasus, in which he stressed that "the party has no father, and the working class has lost its father", and the most touching is the oath taken by Comrade Stalin at the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets:
"We Communists are people with special personalities, we are made of special materials......
When Comrade Li Ning said goodbye to us, he instructed us to cherish the great title of party member and maintain the purity of this great title. Comrade Li Ning. We respectfully swear to you: we will honorably carry out your will!
When Comrade Li Ning said goodbye to us, he instructed us to protect the unity of our party just as we protect our own eyes. Comrade Li Ning. We swear to you that we will honour this will of yours!
When Comrade Li Ning said goodbye to us, he instructed us to protect and consolidate the dictatorship of the proletariat. Comrade Li Ning, we would like to swear to you: We will definitely carry out your will with honor at all costs! ”
Stalin's speeches were repetitive. The solemn recitation of many oaths deeply touched the delegates and all Pravda readers, but the "Letter to the Congress", which truly represented Li Ning's last will, could not be made public at the 13th All-Russian Bolshevik Congress a few months later, for many reasons. In fact, even openness did not help Stalin succeed - in terms of factions, Trotsky was a new member, and the other six members of the Politburo, who were old Bolshevik-turned, were not all the way, so it was perfectly normal for everyone to unite against Trotsky.
According to Li Ning's comments to the Standing Committee members in the letter, Stalin's shortcomings were only rude, and Li Ning wondered whether he could always be very cautious in using this right. Trotsky's problem was 'overconfidence, overzealous in the purely administrative side of things'; in the case of Zinoviev and Kamenev, 'the November incident (in opposition to the uprising, the two men had previously revealed the news to the Mensheviks) was certainly not accidental'; and finally the assessment of Bukharin, the theoretician of the new economy for the alternate member: 'It is doubtful whether his theory can be said to be completely Marxist'.
Stalin was only a question of the way of working, Trotsky was a question of the methods of work, Zinoviev and Kamenev were a question of reliability, and Bukharin's was a question of fundamental positions. Even if this letter was made public, Stalin would have been removed from the post of general secretary. But Zinoviev and Kamenev, who are still members of the Politburo Standing Committee, are likely to be out of the box, after all, 'that incident was not accidental', and Bukharin, a young party ideologue, should be imprisoned in a labor camp. Because 'it is doubtful whether his theory can be said to be completely Marxist'.
However, Stalin, who was deeply grieved at this time, did not know the existence of this letter. At this time. On the afternoon of the day after Li Ning's death, he was working with a pipe in his Kremlin office. The office is large and bright. The four walls are inlaid with stained oak wood panels, except for the statue of Max and Engels hanging on the wall. The room consisted only of a long desk covered in green wool and a few chairs. It's like Stalin himself, simple and simple, with an aversion to luxury.
"Comrade Stalin, Chinese Premier Yang Rui sent a message of condolence...... Molotov knocked on the door and walked in, although the door was open, he knew Stalin's working habits.
"Oh......" The news of Li Ning's death was announced in the morning, and His Excellency Yang Rui was the fastest among other heads of state, and it was probably the only head of state of a major country to call condolences. Is there any difference? Comrade Molotov. Stalin saw that Molotov's expression was a little unusual.
"There is nothing out of the ordinary, Comrade Stalin." Molotov said nonsense, "But their ambassador personally visited me in the morning, and specifically asked me to tell you that I hope you will visit China at the right time and during this premiership." ”
"I see." Stalin bit his pipe, and he was angry with Yang Rui. He will not forget that the Chinese who loaded the food aid were actually familiar with the route from the Caspian Sea to Tsaritsyn, and if it were not for the grain convoy and the Chinese officers who helped defend Tsaritsyn, the Chinese army would not have captured Tsaritsyn so smoothly.
Seeing that Stalin only said that he knew, Molotov was about to turn away, but he did not want Stalin to ask: "The Chinese already know that we are helping the Chinese revolutionaries, and they really have no opinion?" ”
"Of course their ambassador protested, but we explained that it was only Hong Kong." Molotov, a staunch Bolshevik fighter, had no guilt about accepting silver loans from China while financing the Chinese revolutionaries. China has degenerated into a white bourgeois dictatorship, and the rotten aristocracy has been nauseably dug out of their graves, a complete betrayal of the previous promise of the two sides to jointly liberate the oppressed peoples of the world.
"Is that all?" Stalin stood up and walked in his office, which had no other than a desk and chair, and he liked to think of things in this way.
"Yes. That's pretty much it. Molotov said, but after a while he added: "It's just that their ambassador used to say to me." He said that their prime minister, Yang Jingcheng, believed that this must not have been commanded by Comrade Stalin. ”
"Hehe," Stalin said with a rare smile. Of course, this was not his command, it was the matter of Zinoviye, the president of the Third International, who, in his opinion, should focus further south, Hong Kong not only under British jurisdiction, but also too close to Chinese mainland, where nothing could be done but strikes. "Comrade Molotov, I found that the Chinese know us very well, especially within the Bolshevik Party. They know our contradictions with Trotsky. Knowing the character, habits, and work of each committee member, I don't think we would have had such an understanding if we hadn't been regarded as enemies. ”
"Yes, I have that concern." Molotov first affirmed Stalin's judgment, but then he said: "But Comrade Stalin, why did they give the enemy loans? And the important supplies we need are sold to us without restrictions? ”
Unlike other blockades and hostile Soviet imperialism, China and the Soviets were open to business and trade, and at the same time huge loans were provided - in the same month that the loan contract was signed in order to prevent a change in the situation. More than 11,000 tons, or 300,000,000 taels of silver, were transported from this batch of silver; Later, with the sharp depreciation of silver, more than 6,000 tons were shipped away one after another, and the borrowing stopped. The first 300 million taels of silver did not lose much. However, the latter 200 million taels have been hoarded in their hands because the price of silver has fallen sharply to less than 0.3 US dollars per tael of silver. Therefore, many comrades afterwards said that this was a conspiracy of the Chinese, but whether it was a conspiracy or not, this huge amount of money allowed the weakened Soviet to go through the most difficult time.
Thinking about the silver loan before. Stalin hesitated, but said: "But they did not promise to help us build a tractor plant, an ammonia fertilizer plant, an electrolytic aluminum plant, and an aircraft factory." These factories are very important for the military. ”
"No, Comrade Stalin. It's not that they didn't agree, but they thought it should be postponed, because now that the Russian economy has not returned to normal, it is not wise to build these factories at this time and start the electrification of all Russia. Molotov relayed what he had said during his talks with Yang Rui in Beijing that year, and reminded, "Comrade Stalin, their Prime Minister Yang Jingcheng personally promised me at that time that once we officially began to build all-Russian electrification, they would not only help us build these factories, but also send tens of thousands of experts to guide them, and he repeated more than once - do not underestimate the sincerity of the Chinese people to help the Russian people." ”
Molotov was sincere, but Comrade Stalin was smiling, and he would never forget the admonition of the great revolutionary mentor, Comrade Li Ning, that the capitalists are so greedy that they will sell us everything we need, even rushing to sell the last noose that hanged themselves. Stalin believed that everything the Chinese did was for money, like the batch of tanks and planes they sold last year; And the loans, which Russia is now repaying with timber, ore, platinum and gold, are making a lot of money, even without taking into account the depreciation of silver, after all, not many people are doing business with Russia these days.
As an old partner, Molotov certainly knew the meaning of Stalin's smile, but he still reminded: "Comrade Stalin, I suggest that you should visit China at the appropriate time," he immediately thought of the more complicated political situation after Li Ning's death, and added: "In any case, Yang Jingcheng should visit during this term of office, because I heard that he will no longer serve as prime minister of the country after this term of office; And he ...... I have a deep affection for you. ”
"Yes, you told me that." Stalin, who was smoking a pipe, turned around and said: "I can reply to the Chinese ambassador that I will visit China before the end of Yang Jingcheng's term of office." Stalin thought for a moment, and then said: "What have those Chinese revolutionaries been doing lately?" ”
"Listen to Grigori, most of them are studying at the University of the East, but because they are two factions, the two sides are not united, maybe we have to forcibly shoot some of them, and then let the rest join the other faction." Molotov said.
"Do they have better comrades?" Stalin suddenly asked. For the early Bolsheviks, he was perfectly aware of the importance of leadership.
"Yes." Molotov nodded. "The leader of the anarchist faction that used to believe in it, Comrade Du Wen, was so good that she even accused Comrade Bukharin in Pravda of betraying Marxism and Li-Ning in what he is doing now."
Molotov was talking about the woman with small feet in the East who had been approached and praised by Comrade Li Ning. Think she was born a Marxist revolutionary. It was precisely thanks to Comrade Li Ning's praise that she dared to publish an article in Pravda accusing Bukharin's NEP of being full of bourgeois copper stench. and warned all Bolsheviks to beware of the restoration of the bourgeoisie.
"Grigory is right, the other faction should be shot. Then let the rest join them. Stalin fully agreed with the small-footed woman of the East, and that there was a real possibility of bourgeois restoration in Bukharin's current approach. From the beginning of the implementation of the new economic strategy, there were more and more 'pocket-carrying people (private merchants) in the countryside, and the peasants were even more disgusted by the low prices offered by the Soviets for grain purchases, and were often reluctant to sell their grain to the purchasing points, but pulled it to the bazaars to sell it privately.
"But the leader of the other faction, Sun Wen, has never come to Moscow, so it is ineffective to shoot his subordinates in Moscow." Molotov didn't mind the life or death of those Chinese revolutionaries, but he felt that shooting would not achieve the effect. When he said this, Stalin sat down again. Seeing this, he knew that the conversation was over, and that Stalin had agreed to visit China in the last few years.
When the Kremlin Stalin's office was talking about Du Wen, she was holding a meeting at the Eastern University in Moscow, and the death of the great revolutionary mentor Comrade Li Ning, a subordinate body of the Third International, was a sad and unusual event, so since this morning, the anarchist doshisha has been wearing a black veil to show its mourning for the great leader.
Zheng Bi'an, who once led the strike of Wang Laoji in Guangzhou, but changed his name to Zheng Tiezhu, said: "It is said that Sun Wen's people are organizing mourning activities. He said that he was going to perform a self-composed drama at the beginning of the next semester at the art show - the orphan who lost his father......"
"Something that holds the stinky feet of the bourgeoisie!" Du Wen immediately interrupted Zheng Tiezhu's speech. She was very glad that she had been expelled by the British authorities in Hong Kong because of the strike in Hong Kong, otherwise she would not have come to this new world without exploitation and oppression.
Over here. Her revolutionary talents were fully cultivated and brought into full play. Compared with the revolutionary theory she is writing, Sun Wen's Three People's Doctrine is just the babbling of a three-year-old child. Only the civilization theory of Yang Jingcheng, a reactionary ruler and representative of the decadent elite class, can be on par with himself, and the first and second volumes of "The Decline of the West", which has been praised as a classic by the Chinese people. And what Revival is doing now, in essence, is conservatism, which has long since been gradually abandoned by bourgeois Europe. Follow this to push. She was sure that the next step would be to bring out a religion that had long since decayed but was increasingly capable of fooling people, and might even transform into a theocratic state like that of ancient Europe.
This was the greatest enemy of the Marxist ideas that anarchist Doshisha accepts today. Once China completes this transformation. Then a strike like the one in Canton a few years ago will never take place, and the workers will report themselves in the name of the Buddha, or even wait to report it, and they will do the same as happened in those European countries in previous years, when the workers spontaneously organized themselves to arrest the local Bolsheviks, beat them to death with iron rods, or dragged them to be shot. This is not because the workers are not proletarians and do not hate the capitalists, but because the Bolsheviks were atheists, anti-Christian, Russian spies, and human heretics.
Just as the original Renaissance Revolution was looking for bandits, hooligans, runaways, and progressive newcomers who didn't want to be bound by their families...... Like these marginalized figures, in order to start a revolution in a country, it is necessary to have an audience that can accept revolutionary theory. However, since it is a revolution, of course, revolutionary theory will not be accepted by the mainstream society, so the marginal elements of society are particularly important, because they are the real force that the revolution can rely on.
It is clear that the Renaissance is now trying to 'exterminate' the marginalized elements of society, or rather, to co-opt them with religion. Once this is the case, it is natural that when they talk to these people about revolutionary ideals and longing for a beautiful communist society with distribution according to need, without oppression and without exploitation, they will naturally bring out the Buddha; As for telling them that it is only the religion of fools, that it is "the sigh of the oppressed beings, the feelings of the unforgiving world," and that Marxism is the real science, they will say that science is not credible at all, because the Buddha has many miracles, and the most effective.
Although there is no sword and sword in the clash of ideas, thought determines action, and if we cannot tear a hole in Yang Jingcheng and Zhang Taiyan's thoughts, just like the failed battle between vernacular and Chinese, then revolutionary theory will never be accepted.
It was colder in Russia, but the supply of materials at the Eastern University was extremely abundant, and Du Wen not only began to study Russian on her own (unfortunately, although she was a revolutionary praised by the great leader, she had no talent for the language) to learn Marxist ideas, but also tried every means to dismantle Yang Jingcheng's theory of civilization. At this moment, the great leader of eternal health actually passed away, and there is really nothing worse than this.
Du Wen, who has not eaten a drop of water since the morning, is full of chagrin, she has always looked down on Sun Wen's democratic and republican revolutionaries, and now these people actually go to praise Bukharin, a pseudo-communist, for stinky feet, which makes her sneer even more. What is it! When she was still in Hong Kong, she correctly pointed out to the Russian comrades that Sun Dang was absolutely a bourgeois element disguised as a Marxist, and that the final result of nurturing them could only be betrayal; As for Sun Wen's so-called fame and influence, it was just Sun Wen's doglegs boasting, just like they deceived the French back then. An outdated long-distance revolutionary, what is there to adopt!
Thinking of Sun Wen Du Wen's face was even more displeased, she looked at the few people present: "Didn't you say that Sun Wen was coming, where is he now?" It seems that the funeral of the great leader Comrade Li Ning will not be able to catch up. ”
"I heard about him in Germany last month, but I don't know where he is now." Liu Shixin, the younger brother of Liu Sifu, the founder of the Obscure Society, and now renamed Liu Sickle, replied. He remembered the plan he had heard by chance before, and couldn't help asking, "If Sun Wen really comes, he really wants to give him to ...... Shot? ”
Glaring at Zheng Sickle, Mo Jipeng, a Dongguan native who had participated in the Xinhai Guangzhou Uprising and was the second-in-command in the company, said unhappily: "How much is Sun Cannon's life worth?" Not to mention now, even when the alliance was prosperous, except for Huang Xing and Chen Qimei, there were few people under him who were worthy of our attention. Now that Huang Xing is dead, only Chen Qimei is still valuable - he laid a lot of nails in China during the former Qing Dynasty, and it is said that there are many in the Revival Society, which is why Mao Zi values him. ”
Seeing that the topic was diverted, Du Wen coughed and said, "Comrades, our meeting is to discuss how to mourn the great leader Comrade Li Ning, in order to express our deep sorrow and loyalty to the Soviets, please don't go off-topic!" And Comrade Mo Jipeng, it is very bad not to always use such an unscientific and uncivilized nickname as 'Maozi' to call Russian comrades. ”
"But everyone said they were used to it, and besides, they didn't care." Mo Ji Peng said. Many of the old people in Doshisha were Cantonese, while those brought by Du Wen from Shanghai were from all over the world. It is precisely because of these people, plus Du Wen can get money, that she can be the president. Now that everyone has arrived in Russia, they have found that Du Wen is actually not so important, the Russians are very generous, as long as you are willing to revolution, they will give you as much as you want, I don't want Du Wen to be personally received and praised by the great leader, this president is really getting more and more stable. Now she is engaging in mourning activities with great fanfare, which is obviously a way to consolidate her position.
"Avoid that altogether, too!" Du Wen said loudly, she saw that this could not attract the attention of everyone at the meeting, and she began to be a little angry. It's okay to call your own people nicknames, but can Russian comrades take nicknames and call nicknames indiscriminately?! "Comrades, for the Russian comrades who selflessly assisted us, we must not give them random nicknames, what German Maozi, Polish Maozi, these are disrespectful to the superior comrades! Comrade Zhang Hai, from now on, any member who dares to disrespect the comrades of his superiors will be severely punished as soon as he is discovered! ”
"Yes, Comrade Du Wen." Zhang Hai is Du Wen's male pet who has been trained since she was in Shanghai, and she is also the third-in-command disciplinary committee member of Doshisha. Although he is a male pet, he still calls Du Wen a comrade according to the rules outside.
"We must not be as disorganized and undisciplined as the League." Du Wen emphasized again. "Don't forget that we are people with special personalities and are made of special materials." (To be continued.) )