In the Ming Ordnance Bureau, Chongzhen Emperor Zhu Youzhen and Xu Guangqi worked together to develop a rifle, the initial drawings of the development of the rifle, although he had a lot of information brought over by modern times, but he still decided to develop the Type 63 automatic rifle first! Because this is familiar to him, in fact, Emperor Chongzhen Zhu Youzhen doesn't care which rifle he is researching, because in these hundreds of years, even a Type 63 automatic rifle was enough, and it was enough to use the technology of 2044!

Chongzhen Emperor Zhu Youzhen pointed to the photo of the firearms, and then referred to the fully automatic submachine guns used by the armed eunuchs in the West Factory, and explained to Xu Guangqi, "The caliber of firearms is generally divided into three types: less than 6 mm is a small caliber, more than 12 mm (no more than 20 mm) is a large caliber, and between the two is an ordinary caliber. Nowadays, the most used is 5~6 mm small-caliber rifles, which are characterized by large muzzle velocity, low ballistic extension, small recoil, good continuous accuracy, small size and light weight. Nowadays, Britain, the United States, Germany and other countries are also developing rifles with a caliber of less than 5 mm. With the continuous improvement and development of the rifle, especially the superiority it has shown: simple structure, small mass, easy to use and carry, suitable for mass production, and a large number of equipment, so that the rifle will still become the most commonly used melee weapon in the army even in future high-tech warfare. Rifles are classified as: ordinary rifles, assault rifles, cavalry guns (also known as carbines), and sniper rifles. Automation: non-automatic, semi-automatic, and fully automatic. Ammunition used: High-power rifles, intermediate rifles, and small-caliber rifles. ”

The main features of modern rifles are that they are automatic, including bolt recoil (free bolt and semi-free bolt action), tube retreat (short barrel recoil and long barrel recoil), and gas conduction (piston long stroke, piston short stroke and air tube), but most modern rifles are automatic in gas conduction. There are a variety of ways to launch. Including single, burst and 3-shot burst methods, etc. Generally, it is equipped with a muzzle brake, a flame suppressor, and an anti-jump device. Some can be fitted with grenade launchers. Howitzer fired. Semi-automatic rifles generally use non-replaceable magazines with a capacity of 5~10 rounds; Automatic rifles use replaceable magazines with a capacity of 10~30 rounds. The length of the whole gun is short, generally about 1000mm, the mass is small, and the mass of the empty gun is generally 3~4kg, which is easy to carry and operate. The muzzle velocity is large, generally 700~1000m/s; High combat rate of fire. The semi-automatic rifle is 35~40 rounds/min, and the automatic rifle is 80~100 rounds/min, which can form dense firepower. Long life, semi-automatic rifles are generally at least 6000 rounds, and automatic rifles are not less than 10000~15000 rounds. The structure is simple, the processing and manufacturing are easy, and the cost is low.

In fact, don't say that it can develop a Type 63 automatic rifle, even if it is to make the Ming Ordnance Bureau reach the level of the Hanyang Arsenal before the liberation, Emperor Chongzhen Zhu Youzhen is already very satisfied, if there is that level. In this era, as long as it is its own political zhì economy does not collapse. It's enough to support its own military technology to rule the world!

The German M1888 rifle and the early imitation of the Hanyang Arsenal, in order to prevent the barrel from ablating the handguard when firing, there is a metal sleeve outside the muzzle, commonly known as the old sleeve.

The improved M1888 rifle of the Hanyang Arsenal, the simplified process has removed the "sleeve", commonly known as the Hanyang-made.

Gongxian Arsenal imitates the Type 98 standard rifle, commonly known as Gongxian made.

Gongxian Arsenal imitated the Kar98 rifle, commonly known as the 24-year-old rifle, the formal.

The Mukden Arsenal imitated the Kar98 rifle, which is also said to have referenced some designs of the Type 38 rifle, commonly known as the Liao 13 rifle.

Chongzhen Emperor Zhu Youzhen has actually come into contact with a lot of firearms, but what he is really familiar with is the Type 63 automatic rifle, and there are several other firearms similar to his own age, which he is also familiar with.

The Kar98 rifle, commonly known as the Czech type, was mostly sold by Czech middlemen.

The Czech Vz24 rifle, which belongs to the K98 rifle family, is commonly known as the Ma Four Rings, because it has two sets of four strap loops on the sides and below the barrel, which can be used for both foot and riding.

The Japanese Thirty-Year Rifle, commonly known as the Golden Hook Rifle, is nicknamed mainly from the brass hook-shaped safety at the end of the bolt of the Type 30 rifle.

Japanese 38 rifle, the biggest feature of the shape of the gun is to add a special dust cover, which is installed on the bolt, with the bolt to advance and retreat, effectively prevent the entry of foreign objects, commonly known as the 38 cover.

Japanese 38-style riding spear, commonly known as horse cover, black horse big cover.

In addition, the Japanese four-four type riding gun also has the above common name.

The Soviet Mosin-Nagant 1891/1930 rifle, commonly known as the Water Lianzhu, was finalized as early as 1891 and belonged to the first generation of rifles that used smokeless cartridges. One theory is: the rifle that used to use the old-fashioned black fire/medicine/bullet fired was dull and the smoke of gunpowder lasted for a long time, compared to the "water beads" not only had less smoke, but also the sound of the gun was crisp, especially the bullet supply and firing action was crisp and neat, and it was like water droplets splashing down when continuously fired, so it got this name. Another theory is that the first Chinese at that time came into contact with these rifles were Russian sailors on the border of Tongguò, and at that time in China, guns that could fire manually and continuously were collectively called "Lianzhu guns", and "Shuilianzhu" got its name.

The American M1 Garand semi-automatic rifle has a capacity of 8 rounds, commonly known as the Big Eight.

The American Springfield M1903 rifle, because of its caliber of 0.3 inches, is commonly known as the "three-0 rifle", and the subsequent series is called the "American-style small three-hundred".

The British Lee Enfield rifle series, because of its caliber of 0.303 inches, is commonly known as the "303 rifle", or "British 77" (derived from the metric system of 7.7 mm).

The German Mauser M1871/74 rifle, caliber 11 mm, uses 8 barrel magazines to feed ammunition, plus 1 round in the chamber, a total of 9 rounds, known as the nine-shot Mauser. It was already a very backward weapon in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, and it was still used by the Chinese military and civilians to fight the Japanese invaders.

In addition, there are horse factories, red skins, German made and so on.

The development process of rifles is basically similar to that of pistols, all of which have gone through several stages such as arquebuses, flintlock guns, front-loading guns, rear-loading guns, rifled guns, etc., and later developed from non-automatic improvements to semi-automatic and fully automatic guns.

Xu Guangqi listened to the emperor's introduction, as if he understood it or not, he already had a conceptual understanding of the submachine guns used by the armed eunuchs in the West Factory, but even if there was a prototype, Xu Guangqi, who had not experienced the use of rifles, was only a concept in his mind, and there was no way to form a mature plan.

"It's a pity, the things on these pictures, if only one of them could be at hand, can be disassembled and seen, and can be imitated according to the actual size, the submachine gun is not to be considered, if the material does not meet the requirements, even if the structure can be figured out, Daming can not produce it."

Chongzhen Emperor Zhu Youzhen nodded, "You don't have to think about submachine guns, at least not for the time being, the road still has to be taken step by step, research and development of rifles, I still have confidence in Master Xu!" That's not much more advanced than the firecracker. I can draw the drawings, but I still have a way to go before I open the mold and form it. ”

In fact, the earliest record of the origin of the rifle is the bamboo tube assault rifle that appeared in the Southern Song Dynasty of China, which is the world's earliest tube-shaped firearm. Subsequently, the metal tubular shooting weapon was invented, and there was a greater development in the Ming Dynasty.

What troubled Emperor Chongzhen Zhu Youzhen was that he knew that the knowledge he had told Xu Guangqi alone was a guiding role, whether it was Xu Guangqi or himself, it was very difficult to independently develop a mature standard firearm in the Ming Dynasty.

Chongzhen Emperor Zhu Youzhen's Ming ordnance was actually not backward in the whole world at that time in terms of technology, but his economy was too difficult, and he had no money to squander! This makes Chongzhen Emperor Zhu Youzhen have to have more efficient military technology! (To be continued......)