As a traverser, Xu Jie realized the importance of guided weapons very early, and as a naval traverser, after being familiar with the two wars in history and many guidance modes in later generations, Xu Jie put forward ideas one by one for the guided weapons research department under the General Armament Department in the form of red-headed documents. Thus creating a precedent for guided weapons in China. The first generation of air-to-sea (ground) guided weapons in China is divided into three types, the simplest is guided bombs, and the second is gliding guided bombs. And the third is the most complex anti-ship missile. And the guidance methods also range from the simplest optical aiming to radio guidance, to radar guidance in the back, and the legendary tall television guidance and infrared guidance. Of course, the back hit is more of a technical reserve, and the use is very limited.

In fact, various guidance methods have already taken shape in the 2nd World War. For example, radio guidance, which is used on both the Fritz X-shell and the HS293 missile. The HS293 also has a model with wired guidance, but it was not put into production in the end. A modified version of the TV-guided HS293 missile is also available. As for the so-called tall infrared guidance, the bat-type automatic bottom-finding gliding bomb engaged in by the Americans uses an infrared guidance head, but because it entered the war late, it does not have much success, and the effect is not very good.

To say that the most common guidance method in Germany in World War II is naturally radio command guidance, this principle is very simple, it is equivalent to a person using a remote control to operate an aircraft to hit the target, this seems simple, but the actual operation is not like that, this guidance process involves three objects, one is the target, one is the landline and the other is the bomb or missile itself. These objects are all in constant motion, with airplanes traveling at around 400 km per hour and battleships traveling at around 30 to 40 km. Even higher, while the movement of the bomb is more troublesome, there is an initial velocity. There's also gravitational acceleration, as well as drag and wind direction. All these factors combined, and the devil knows how the bomb flew. Based on the 8km throw distance of the Fritz X bomb, the operator had to control the bomb to successfully hit a high-speed moving target in less than 2 minutes after the bomb was dropped. An important reason why the DO217 was able to sink Rome by dropping guided bombs was that the Italians mistook it for an Allied aircraft, so they did not take evasive measures.

The Germans were well aware of the difficulty of such an attack, so they took a variety of measures to maintain accuracy when performing combat missions. If you want to control the bomb, you must first find the bomb itself. So the Germans added a luminous tube to the rear of the Fritz X bomb, which was used to just the location of the bomb. Secondly, the attack method of the Fritz bomb is very special, it is dropped by a DO217, and another bomber is responsible for guiding, which seems to be troublesome but is actually very necessary, because the bomber used to guide is a fixed course and speed, that is to say, the original three dynamic variables have become two! The Norton-type bomb sight in the United States is also used by autopilot to assist aiming. This reduces the error and allows the use of a special optical sight for aiming. Control the bomb to attack.

As for the issue of information transmission, the Germans equipped the Fritz X bombs with FUG208/238 signal transmitting and receiving devices. The flight trajectory of the bomb is regulated to a certain extent. In addition to radio command guidance, the Germans also developed wired guidance. This guidance device requires two signal lines about 30 km long to ensure that the HS293 missile can attack at a distance of 12 to 18 km. The biggest advantage of wired guidance is that it is almost impossible to be interfered with during signal transmission, and the signal is relatively good. The disadvantages are obvious, 30km of wire is not cheap. And the weight is also huge.

The use of visual aiming plus radio command guidance is the most convenient, but at the same time, it is also a highly inaccurate aiming method. The accuracy of aiming is poor, depending on the skill of the operator, and the ability to process data is weak. Considering that Huaxia has access to American and British technology, then even at the historical level, Huaxia can fully obtain centimeter-wave radar. It can locate the position of the other party more accurately, and the anti-interference ability is also relatively strong. In addition, during World War II, the Americans also equipped their warships with electromechanical computers to process data. For example, the Mk1 electromechanical computer used by the U.S. Navy can track the rate of change of the target's distance without delay. From the point of view of accuracy. It's much better than just visual aiming. And in terms of signal generation and receiver, the Americans also have it, so it is said that radar is used to find and track targets. The use of electromechanical is an electronic computer to settle information, and the use of radar plus radio command guidance should be the most realistic way to guide. Of course. If the Germans had come up with an electronic jamming machine that far exceeded history, Xu Jie would not mind using wired guidance, wouldn't it be just to bring more wires. No big deal. …

In short, this missile system consists of three parts: radar, computer, signal transmitter, and missile. Its combat range is temporarily set at about 15 km, as long as it can avoid anti-aircraft artillery attacks. Radars must be equipped with anti-jamming and frequency-hopping techniques. The precision fire control range should be more than 25km. Xu Jie is not very worried about whether this plane can meet these technical requirements, and historically, Germany's fire control radar has achieved direct frequency hopping in three frequency bands. Moreover, even in the face of chaff or jamming ropes, radars equipped with anti-jamming equipment can still find targets from chaff clouds with reflection intensity nearly 20 times higher than that of the target. This, of course, requires the training of excellent radar operators.

As for the power of the missiles. Considering that the targets to be faced in World War 2 were all rough-skinned battleships and armored aircraft carriers, their power was at least equivalent to that of an 800kg bomb. Against targets such as destroyers or cruisers, a 500kg semi-armor-piercing warhead can be considered. This weight seems to be larger than the warhead of many anti-ship missiles during the Cold War, but do not forget how far the range of the latter is, and at this time, because there is no need to consider the problem of long-range anti-aircraft missiles, the range can be compressed to a very low level.

If you feel that the power is not enough, continue to use a larger warhead, such as the 1400kg bomb installed on the historical Fritz X bomb. Then it is clearly not possible to install on an anti-ship missile, the weight is too large, and the thrust of the rocket engine at that time is too low. Therefore, you can only use guide bombs or gliding bombs. And this high-powered bomb will also perform well when attacking ground targets.

At present, three types of air-to-sea/ground guided weapons are being carried out in the Guided Weapons Research Institute of the Huaxia General Armament Department, which are AS1, weigh 900 kg, and are equipped with a 500 kg warhead, with a range of about 15 km and a speed of 600 to 900 km per hour. and the LT-1 guided bomb and the gliding bomb version with gliding wings. The warhead of this gliding bomb was a semi-armor-piercing warhead weighing 1200kg. When thrown from a height of about 3000 meters, it can destroy the horizontal armor of almost all currently known warships. At the same time, in order to attack ground targets, it is also possible to replace anti-bunker warheads or high-explosive shells in the later stage.

And after having a bomb, there must also be a carrier aircraft, according to the bomb load of the 2 war bombers in history, the maximum bomb load of the average medium bomber is about 2.5 tons. Of course, if you lower the fuel, the bomb load will be higher. As for the carrier aircraft, considering that this aircraft does not require a large angle to dive, more emphasis is placed on range and bomb load. Therefore, after careful consideration, Xu Jie decided to use the American bombers in World War II as the blueprint for the design of the Huaxia anti-ship missile carrier.

The more representative of the middle and late stages of the American medium bomber in World War II is the B25J bomber, which is equipped with 12 M2 large-caliber machine guns and has 4,600 rounds of ammunition in reserve. And with a 4,000-pound bomb and 4,300 liters of fuel, it can have a combat radius of 685 nautical miles! In this load-bearing situation, the aircraft is slower, and can reach a maximum speed of more than 470 km at an altitude of 15,000 feet.

This performance is already quite good, and some people may take the more than 6,000 pounds of bomb load of late-stage bombers such as the JU88-A14. But in fact, the other side is trading light armament and sacrificing fuel load for a large bomb load. And under normal circumstances, the bomb load of the JU88A17 torpedo attack aircraft is only 2 torpedoes weighing about 2200 pounds. And when it comes to the math, the B25J performs better. First of all, the armament, the usual self-defense weapons of the later JU88 bomber are 2 machine guns and 2 13mm machine guns, which cannot be compared with the self-defense firepower of the B25J bomber like a fire hedgehog. As for the conversion between internal oil and bomb. It can be referred to such a standard, when the JU88 carries 2400kg bombs. Its internal oil is 1221 kg. And when carrying a 1500kg bomb, its internal oil is 2105 kg. Overall, the total internal oil and bomb carrying capacity of the Ju88 is about 3600kg.

The B25J bomber has about 3,200kg of full oil, and a 4,000-pound bomb can also be converted into 1,800 kg, and the total amount of bomb and oil is about 5,000kg. It is a notch higher than the JU88A series, (Note that the data of JU88 in the above conversion is the data of the earlier model, so it is low, but the author believes that even if the later models are counted, the B25J still has an advantage in terms of load.) The only advantage of the Ju88A family is the ability to dive, which is not necessary for guided weapons. In terms of speed, the speed of the B25J is about the same as that of the Ju88A. In terms of engine, B25J uses a 1700 horsepower R2600 air-cooled engine, while JU88A uses a 1400 horsepower Jumo211J liquid-cooled engine. (Even the DO217 bomber, which had a relatively large internal oil, only had 773 gallons of internal oil.) It's still a little less than the B25, and it's also not capable of diving at a high angle. ）

Thanks to the book friend zhouyu1976 for the tip~~~, and the book friend Alex-hu's monthly pass support ~~~~. (To be continued)