The New Year is getting closer and closer, the weather in the capital is getting colder and colder, the snow on the ground is getting thicker and thicker, even if the sanitation workers shovel snow once in the morning and afternoon, the road surface will still be covered with snow, so the rickshaw wheels are tied with wires, the carriage is also replaced with a climbing plow, even the sedan chair is more and more, the old men who can't withstand the cold have been unable to take care of the more and more simple atmosphere of the capital, only to say that after this winter, only the newly opened Beijing bus lines, overcrowded, but the bus two-cent fare makes all the rickshaw drivers dissatisfied.

Compared with the peasants, the rickshaw driver in the capital can be regarded as a white-collar class, and the daily income is more than four yuan - the capital is different from the south and outside the Guan, so that the eldest son of the ten scholars is called the copper son. A few decades ago, when silver was expensive and cheap, this money was ordered by the imperial court to be used as 20 wen, and it was just one hanging for 50 copper sons as 1,000 wen; Now, the silver is even cheaper, and this kind of copper son is equivalent to two coins, one hundred wen, two hundred cents of silver, and two cents of one dime. [Note: Late Qing Dynasty Beijing Chronicles, p269]

The coachman collects at least four hangs a day, earns nearly five cents a day, and earns more than ten yuan a month; If it weren't for the car dealership's car, the income would be higher than that of the eight-grade official, even if the car donation is subtracted. Although the starting price of the bus is not low, and there was a horse-drawn cart that could seat more than ten people before, but after all, it was a horse-drawn cart, and now it is a long and big foreign machine qì car running on the capital road, and if a car is fully stuffed, it can seat forty or fifty people.

When the traffic management office of Shuntianfu City and the Beijing branch of the National Bank of China launched a zero-down payment installment loan, the car dealers who encouraged the drivers to make trouble immediately went bankrupt, and those drivers who had to pay half of their income every day all had their own domestic rickshaws. Revenues suddenly increased dramatically.

Standing on a diesel-powered bus with a 'bang, bang', Liu Kuiyi, a Kuomintang official, took the example ......of quelling the rickshaw driver's trouble. Tan Renfeng, a veteran of the Kuomintang who was supporting him, introduced how cunning and skillful the Fuxing Society was. He hoped that Tan Renfeng would be able to persuade party leader Song Jiaoren at the annual meeting of the first session to dissociate him from the position of the pro-revival association. Really be an opposition party.

The sound of the engine was extremely noisy, but Liu Yuyi's voice was in his ears. Tan Renfeng just looked out of the glass window silently and did not express his opinion. He has just returned from Hunan, and the government has been carrying out land reform for a month, but the results have been extremely remarkable, and many landless tenants have been allocated land, although it will take another ten years to get ahead, but after all, there is hope, and after ten years, they will not have to pay rent again. This is something that those tenants could not have dreamed of.

Although in the process of land reform, the landlords sometimes resisted and even caused trouble by force, but this was not a fart for the organized peasant associations and the prepared military and police, who were like mud houses in a flood, which collapsed in one fell swoop, and then scattered in the mighty flood and disappeared without a trace. It is precisely because of this general trend that after the resistance of the landlords in the early stage was quickly and severely suppressed, the effect of killing chickens and setting an example for monkeys began to appear. The remaining landlords who watched on the sidelines all went to the land reform yamen one by one to sign and draw a pledge to prevent future troubles......

When Tan Renfeng was thinking about the things he had seen in Hunan and how the Kuomintang should respond to the storm, the ticket seller rang the bell. shouted loudly: "The Hufang Bridge has arrived, the Hufang Bridge has arrived, and those who want to get off the car come to the door." If you want to get out of the car, come to the door......"

"This is where it is?" It's not the first time Tan Renfeng has come to the capital, but it's the first time to take a bus. It feels like the cart is faster than the horse-drawn carriage.

"Old Tan, it's here. However, it is necessary to walk a short distance after getting off the bus, which is the bad thing about the bus. Liu Kuo together. The headquarters of the Kuomintang is located in the Huguang Hall in the outer city, very close to the Hufang Bridge, and not far from the entrance of the vegetable market.

"It's only two cents." Tan Renfeng got off the bus with the help of Liu Kuiyi, he stood on the bus platform and did not leave immediately, but watched the bus leave, he was very admired, and then asked: "Is this really like what the newspaper said, is it made by the Chinese themselves?" ”

"It was indeed made by itself, and the Ministry of Industry also gave a special reward to Tonghua Diesel Engine Factory. But what about that? Foreigners use all gasoline cars, that kind of car is light and dexterous and not noisy, but our country regards diesel cars as treasures, saying that the price of this car is half lower than kerosene, but what about cheap? Even if the fare of the bus rises to four cents, everyone will not be able to take it the same. Liu Kuiyi said that the newspaper seemed to say that the Ministry of Industry favored diesel vehicles, and its purpose was not to make Tan Renfeng have a good impression of the Fuxing Association.

Hearing his words, Tan Renfeng, who had some approval, also began to ponder. Seeing that the goal was achieved, Liu Kui said: "Old Tan, let's go to the guild hall earlier, it's best to talk to Dun Chu before the meeting." When he said this, he was worried, "I don't know if he has come back......

"Isn't it the annual meeting today, why aren't you there?" Tan Renfeng was a little strange. The annual meeting is an extremely important event in the year, how can Song Dunchu not be there.

"Oh, Tan Lao, the annual meeting starts in the afternoon, and I received an invitation from Yang Jingcheng yesterday, I don't know if I'll come back." Liu Kui together.

"Received Yang Jingcheng's invitation, what does he want to talk to Dunchu?" Tan Renfeng said.

"I just don't know what he wants to talk about, and I heard that Zhang Xingyan was also invited." Liu Kui together.

"Zhang Xingyan also went to ......" Tan Renfeng whispered, unable to guess Yang Jingcheng's move.

When Liu Kuiyi took Tan Renfeng into the Huguang Hall, the charcoal fire in the back house of Yin'an Hall was booming, and under the sound of the piano, Yang Rui, Yang Du, Song Jiaoren, and Zhang Shizhao were staggered around the table, talking happily. Of course, this atmosphere was still made by Yang Du and Zhang Shizhao, and Yang Rui and Song Jiaoren were a little silent.

After Yang Du and Zhang Shizhao finished talking about the old things in Tokyo, Song Jiaoren put down his chopsticks and suddenly asked: "Brother Cheng, after this land reform, it is really only to revitalize agriculture and not reward industry?" ”

As soon as he said this, he drank more than thirty percent, and Yang Du, whose face was red, accused, "You are really boring at the beginning, the government has been sealed, what are you talking about." Come on, a drink! ”

Yang Du is like this, and Zhang Shizhao also said: "Why do you have to work so hard for state affairs at the beginning of the year, you see that Brother Cheng knows that Dali Temple has a lot of lawsuits against the government for forcibly expropriating land, and he didn't ask half a sentence." ”

A table for four. Yang Du and Zhang Shizhao were both opposed, and Song Jiaoren was a little stupid. He picked up the glass and took a sip, filling it up again. Yang Rui smiled when he saw him like this: "You don't have to be like this at the beginning. The question you asked is too big, and I can't finish talking about it that day, so it's better not to say it, which saves everyone's interest. ”

"Let's make a long story short. In the final analysis, this revolution is still for the purpose of strengthening the country and enriching the people. Just like you said in your report that day, no work is not strong, and this country cannot do without industry. Song Jiaoren saw Yang Rui talking, and asked again.

"When I said it, I didn't oppose the current policy of the Revival Society?" Yang Rui asked rhetorically. At this time, Zhang Shizhao also looked over, he didn't want to talk about state affairs before because he didn't want Yang Rui to ask about Dali Temple, but the topic was on the government's policy. He's happy to listen.

"If it is really for the country and the people, what is there to oppose in Jiaoren?" Song Jiaoren asked with a smile.

"Okay." Yang Rui put down the cup in his hand. He invited Song Jiaoren to come this time in order to implement the united front. Unlike before, he used to think that the united front was to vaguely express his own ideas in order to unite others as much as possible, but now, he understands more and more that the united front is to clearly express his own ideas and then seek the approval or understanding of others. It's best to be able to pull the other person to your side. The premise of reunification is to be clear about one's own position, and if one's position is unclear, reunification is meaningless.

"Let's just say that. In the present situation, in addition to the industry that has a competitive advantage. The Ministry of Industry will no longer support industry as it did before. Now these domestic companies need financing, one is stock listing, and then asset-backed loans. Three ......, now the Ministry of Industry has established a venture capital company. Here's how he did it. As long as you can make money, such as if you have a patent. If you have technology, even if you have nothing, you will be spoiled to set up a factory, and if you lose it, you will make it, and if you make it, then it will be divided according to the proportion agreed in advance. This is actually a business, which is to raise the company as a pig and sell it for money when it is raised, and the investment company does not participate in the long-term operation of the company.

This is a practical action, but I value the industrial environment more seriously. For example, the resumption of tariff sovereignty, the gradual abolition of the cent, and the promulgation of a series of commercial laws, such as: Company Law, Partnership Law, Individual Enterprise Law, Negotiable Instruments Law, Bankruptcy Law, Insurance Law, Maritime Law, Patent Law, Anti-Unfair Competition Law, and so on. If there is a good environment and there are restrictions on the illegal behavior of companies in the industry, then the industry can be revitalized, but if a few giant companies are propped up like Japan, so that they can survive by policy advantages rather than competitive advantages, then there is no need. ”

Hearing that Yang Rui said that he wanted to recover the tariffs and promulgate so many laws, Song Jiaoren and Zhang Shizhao's eyes lit up, and Zhang Shizhao anxiously asked: "When will the consular jurisdiction be recovered?" ”

"When the tenant farmers of the whole country divide the land, they will be able to take it back." Yang Rui replied with a smile.

"Hehe, it's better for you to laugh. What is the relationship between tenant land division and consular jurisdiction? Zhang Shizhao said.

"I'm not joking." Yang Rui was very strict, "The strategy of the Fuxing Society is to reduce the rent first, and after the rent is reduced, the peasants will go to war with you, and if the war is won, then there will be prestige and land, and then there will be more prestige to fight with the outside world." When negotiating with foreigners, you still have to be soft with one hand and hard with the other, and if you don't have guns or cannons, anyone will turn your words on deaf ears. ”

"Yes. That's what Revival is doing now. Yang Du also said, "When you go up the stairs, you must have one foot in front and one foot in the back, taking turns to go up, so that you can't walk steadily, and you can go up fast." ”

"Hmm." Yang Rui nodded, and then said the question that he didn't finish just now, "Blindly subsidizing industry will only form a very dangerous social structure of industrial distribution structure, which the government should try to avoid." Think about it, now that these big companies have become bigger, then they can completely manipulate the entire economy like the Japanese chaebol. Looking at the so-called Taisho Democratic Movement in Japan, is it really a democratic movement? Actually, no, it's just that the Japanese chaebol let its agents pull some angry young people to make trouble.

The Japanese chaebol is a mixture of government and business, and its primitive accumulation was based on the cheap sale and free gift of state-owned assets when Matsukata Masayoshi was in power; The former Qing Dynasty also had state-owned assets, and now everyone compares it and says that Japan is so good, and the former Qing Dynasty is so bad, this is nothing more than the corruption of officialdom extending to the shopping mall, the environment is like this, coupled with improper management, the most important thing is that the people in the general office fill their own pockets for the purpose of bringing down the company, which is that Jinshan has to be demolished by them. ”

"It's like the Hanyang Iron Works going public?" The more Zhang Shizhao listened, the more interesting he became, and suddenly interjected.

"In fact, the Hanyang Iron Works was not collapsed by Sheng Xuanhuai, and the steamship and telegraph bureaus were not in hand. There is no cash flow, and the mess left by Zhang Zhidong has to be cleaned up. You can only find another fund, if you don't go public. It is very likely that you will have to ask the Japanese for a loan. Yang Rui corrected, "The reason why Hanyang is like this is because Zhangzhidong is located in the wrong place and the scale is too large, so that the iron factory has always been underfunded, the cost is high, and it is impossible to make a profit."

I'm not talking about Zhang Zhidong, I'm talking about those industrial companies now, if they really want to make them bigger, it will take one day. They will collude with the government bureaucracy and say that state-owned companies are corrupt, cronyistic, and formalistic. Not to mention these situations in the future, they still have them now, but they still want the government to sell these state-owned companies to them at a low price. In this way, it is the reappearance of a large group of Japanese chaebols, constantly interfering in national policy. It is impossible for everyone to benefit from the implementation of a policy, such as the war against Russia, those tea merchants suffered heavy losses, and the tea farmers also suffered heavy losses. But the government can't change its policies because of tea, and someone always has to sacrifice.

Blindly revitalizing industry will create a large number of chaebols that interfere with the government, and most of the factories will be concentrated in coastal cities. Especially in Shanghai. This was extremely dangerous militarily, and now Wuchang, Hankou, and Hanyang were merged to form Wuhan, eventually becoming a municipality directly under the central government. It is to take into account the security of military strategy.

In addition to the military, there is also the cost of logistics. In the case of the Ma'anshan Iron Works, for example, no one came to buy his steel. The customers all went to Shanghai, where is the big steel market, the result is that the customers in Sichuan buy steel through the Ma'anshan Iron Works, and then pull the steel from Ma'anshan to Shanghai back to Sichuan along the Yangtze River after buying steel in Shanghai. Not to mention the rest, the freight, loading and unloading costs are at least one or two or five dollars more per ton.

Blindly revitalizing industry will only lead to chaebol interference, and chaebol interference will cause extremely strict inequality between the rich and the poor, which will make the country unstable; However, the imbalance in the industrial distribution of the whole country will make the people in the east richer and the people in the west poorer and poorer. Isn't this the case at the end of the Ming Dynasty, as soon as the moral gentlemen of the Donglin Party came to power, Emperor Chongzhen was exempted from the commercial taxes in the south of the Yangtze River, so that the Shaanxi border army was hungry......"

"Brother Chengcheng, I remember that you once said in a speech, 'Between efficiency and fairness, we must choose efficiency ...... first'" Song Jiaoren interrupted: "I don't know if I'm wrong, but that's the general meaning." Now the European war is blazing, but the foreigners will eventually come back, not all kuài to develop the industry, then wait for the foreigners to look east, foreign goods come back, then it can be ......"

Song Jiaoren actually used the spear of the son to attack the shield of the son, Yang Rui smiled bitterly: "I said this before, but the industrialization path considered at that time was different from now. In my opinion, there are three ways to revitalize the industry, and I used to think that we could take the second one, but then I found that it could not be done, so I had to change to the third one. ”

"Please tell me in detail." Song Jiaoren said that he had also thought of ways to revitalize the industry, but he couldn't tell the path.

"Let's talk about the second one, which is actually the road that Japan is taking now, which I call the foreign trade model." Yang Rui said: "The Japanese can make a fortune, what do they rely on, at first it was raw silk, and then, in the first year, they robbed us of 230 million taels, and then borrowed more than one billion taels to raise more than one billion taels when they were in Japan and Russia, and this industry has its current scale."

His practice was nothing more than to buy the land from the lords in various places and then divide it equally among the peasants. Then, high taxation, high exploitation, the money collected was used to lend to the chaebols to buy machines and build factories, which were not built for the Japanese themselves, but for foreigners, and his raw silk was exported, and his cotton yarn was also exported. He has two big markets, one is the United States, and the other is China. For the United States, it can't be beaten, so it sells raw silk that the United States doesn't have; For China, we can fight, so we sell cotton yarn that we have ourselves.

The more raw silk and cotton yarn are sold, the richer Japan becomes, and the larger the factories become, but there is a price to be paid for, the first is to try hard to exploit the peasants, and never give up until they are left with nothing. Only in this way will the money be used to lend to the chaebols to build factories, and only in this way will the wages of the workers in the factories become lower and lower;

The second cost of this is that they can't afford to fight, why the Japanese have made peace talks so quickly, that is, as soon as the two countries go to war, the factories will stop, all the workers will lose their jobs, and if they win, there will be reparations, but if they are defeated, there will be chaos in the whole country. We are now willing to open up the market and guarantee its interests in the northeast, so if Taiwan loses it, it will be lost, in comparison. or the market and raw materials in the Northeast and the whole of China are more important;

Then there is the inability to resist risks, which is the same as war. If the U.S. economy weakens one day, who do you say this raw silk will sell to? It's not a problem of factories shutting down and workers losing their jobs. It is the problem of the complete bankruptcy of farmers, and the key to raw silk is the mulberry tree, which is not cotton, and it is not planted this year and can not be planted next year. Once the US economy weakens one day, the result is that the peasants endure it in the first year, borrow money in the second year, and cut down trees and hang themselves in the third year. By this time. Then it will be too late.

I thought we could go this way, but when I think about it, it still doesn't work. Japan is too small, China is too big, and if the proportion of Chinese workers in the population is the same as that of Japan, then all the great powers will have to blockade and oppose it. When the import tariffs of various countries on us are increased to 200 percent, what is the point of building factories, aren't they all waiting to go out of business?

Industries that only foreigners do not have, such as diesel engines, radios, synthetic ammonia, aluminum alloys, airplanes, tempered glass, fuses, incandescent lamps, electric motors, air conditioners, refrigerators, and radios. We can only exit along the lì. Because these are the advantages we have, but it is difficult to say how long these things can have an advantage, and when the foreigners crack the secrets, then in the end they will be overwhelmed. Raising tariffs protects our own markets and will use diplomacy to squeeze us out of other countries' markets. In the end, all that can be left is fuses and aluminum alloys, which have a narrow market. Or like straw weaving, it is an industry that foreigners have long stopped doing. This is the bitterness of having no colonies and no navy. ”

Yang Rui said: Japan suddenly came to mind here. The advantageous industry will eventually become no advantage, and there are two ways to keep him. The first is to partner with foreigners, for example, Tonghua Diesel Engine Factory planned to let Mobil Oil become a shareholder after the war, and use Rockefeller's power to promote diesel engine sales around the world; Then I partnered with the Japanese. Although Dog Day has no colonies, it has the world's third-largest navy after the European War, and if those countries in South America dare to refuse Chinese goods, they can use it to scare people.

Yang Rui thought about how to keep these advantageous industries, and Song Jiaoren, who listened to his words, nodded and said, "What you said is right, although Japan is strong, but the people are very poor, and the salary in Tokyo is not as good as half of Shanghai." But since this is the second way, I will consult the first and third. ”

"The first and the third are the same, the market is not inside or outside." Yang Rui said. "The first is slow, and the third is extremely fast. What is Extreme Speed? That is, after the fields are equalized, all the cultivated land is nationalized, large farms are established, all the peasants are turned into agricultural workers, and all the grain produced is transferred except for rations, and these grains are taken abroad for machine and machine to build factories.

Now that they have become peasant workers, there is no need for raw silk, fruit candy, flower cotton cloth, soap, toys or anything. These factories only produce one kind of clothes, one kind of shoes, one kind of cloth, a kind of bicycle, in addition to these necessities of life, what can be produced is a variety of production supplies, such as a tractor can be used in a large farm, then a tractor is built, for example, to build a railway to steel, then a large steel rail; There is no need to buy and sell in any market, the goods of the whole country are priced by the government, and all are distributed according to the plan......"

"That's not bad!" Yang Du took advantage of Yang Rui's tea and said that he was a national supremacist and welcomed the speed mode very much.

"It looks good, but there is no such thing as a free lunch, and there is always a price to pay." Yang Rui said: "I don't need to say much about what kind of price the peasants and workers will pay, but what will be the things that will be made?" Before, I said that state-owned companies can run well because state-owned companies are also companies, and they are different from private companies only because of the nature of their shareholders, and the market competition is the same.

Planned assignments are different. This is given to you, you want it, you don't have to ask for it, there is no competition, only executive orders. Since there is no competition, there is no innovation, and the things that are made now do not say whether they can be used, but ten or twenty years later, it will be much worse than those things that are constantly competing in the market, which is not only the product is poor, but also the machine and technology are even worse. What to do in the end? I can only spend money to buy machines, introduce technology, and renovate the factory; In another twenty years, I will have to buy technology from the outside again, and it will be endless. All factories still have to be supported by the state, and once they are weaned that day, they will all go out of business. ”

"Can't we just not distribute according to the plan?" Yang Du listened to it for a long time, and suddenly felt that it was because of the disadvantages of planned allocation, so he wanted not to plan for allocation.

"You don't plan to distribute, who are you selling things to? Who can afford it? Yang Rui asked rhetorically. This method is actually to let everyone not spend money to drink flower wine, except for eating, any consumption is prohibited, and the rest of the money is all to buy tractors and pumps; And if the factory can build a thousand, then allocate a thousand, whether it is not enough or redundant, anyway, he will produce so much; Whatever you design, you produce, whether you want it or not, that's how he makes it anyway. This kind of factory can only be spent, once stopped, the machine will rust, the technology will be rusty, and the money spent before is equal to being spent in vain.

I feel that this is the only way to go in the face of war. In the two years after the founding of the People's Republic of China, we didn't do what we did, spending money to buy lathes and machines, and building military factories, steel mills, shipyards, and chemical factories that were several times or more than ten times larger than before. If Europe does not go to war, then we will lose a lot, if the Japanese do not go to war, then we will lose even more, and after twenty years, the products will be replaced, and the vast majority of these machines will be scrapped.

So if you think about it, you can only take the road of revitalizing agriculture, or the road of the rich people, the people have money, then there are all factories, everything can be afforded, the people have no money, they can't export, and the things they make can only be piled up. And if we want the people to have money, then we need land reform, and it is better to die than to die 3 million landlords if 140 million tenants die. Of course, this is extreme, but the meaning is this, the strength of the country, there is always someone to pay, Japan chooses the peasants, we choose the landlords. ”

"Actually, that's what I said, but how difficult is it for this family to get rich by farming with an average of less than fifteen or twenty acres of land?" Song Jiaoren shook his head. He understands that this is what Yang Rui said about the road of agriculture first and then labor, although he is from a scholarly family, he also knows how difficult it is to harvest more than three or five buckets in the field, although this road is good, but in his opinion it is unrealistic.

"It's not that hard to solve." Yang Rui was confident in his own advantages, and said: "There are 1.2 billion mu of cultivated land in the country, but there is still a lot of potential that can be tapped, and there is still land to be opened in Guanwai, Western Regions, Yunnan, Sichuan and other provinces. According to rough statistics, there are about 1.6 billion mu of cultivated land in the country. Excluding the population who do not work in agriculture, each person can get four acres, and the average household is 20 acres.

In addition to the increase in cultivated land, water conservancy, irrigation, and especially the use of improved seeds, pesticides, and chemical fertilizers will greatly increase output. The Ministry of Agriculture has issued a military order that the average yield per mu in the whole country should increase by 8 kilograms per year, and by a total of 120 kilograms in 15 years. This is only agriculture, animal husbandry, fishery, and other sideline industries will also be scientifically improved to increase farmers' incomes.

With an average yield of more than 230 kilograms per mu of 20 acres of land, each household can receive 82 stone of grain, and the price of grain is one tael no matter how low the price is, which is the annual income of 82 taels. In addition to the peasants' own rations, the rest of the money could be used to buy various industrial goods. There will be more and more factories, the whole industrial system will get bigger and bigger, and the country will get richer and richer.

Britain and France do not count, they have many colonies, and they follow the same path as Japan; Germany, although he did not get much benefit from the colonies, his products had a technological advantage, and he also followed the path of Japan; Only the United States is taking the road of agriculture first and then industry, China and the United States have a similar foundation, but the population is 330 million more, so the government has to levy a tax on people to prevent population growth and share wealth. ”

"But if the population is small, isn't it higher than the artificiality?" Yang Du asked.

"When the labor is high, the machine will be used more, and the industrial machinery industry is the most important." Yang Rui explained: "The labor in the United States is also very high, but the industrial products he makes still have a price advantage, although there are mineral advantages, but the level of science and technology, management level can not be ignored." If there are more people, we will take the low-cost route, and if there are fewer people, we will take the high-tech route, and in this regard, as long as there is no blockade, we will only be better than others, not worse. ”

Eight kilograms per year, and one hundred and twenty kilograms in fifteen years. Song Jiaoren has been thinking about this, this is to double the output. After he finished speaking, he said solemnly: "Actually, Tao Huanqing can really increase the production by eight kilograms per year?!" ”

"Yes!" Yang Rui smiled: "It's only eight kilograms." (To be continued......)