The Shanghai Expo was about to take place, but Yang Rui lost interest in it. ∈↗, the most important thing now is the adjustment of government policy -- the two sides on the Western Front have 'rushed to the sea', and trench warfare is bound to occur; even if the use of tanks will change the course of the war, China can provide Germany with anti-tank weapons and anti-tank tactics to continue the war, not to mention that the Germans are not interested in tanks in the first place, and if Britain and France do not use them, they may not use them.

While not worrying about the situation in the European war, it is particularly important to determine the long-term national policy for the future and at the same time smoothly link it with the national policy implemented after the founding of the country. For example, in the shipbuilding industry, there will definitely be mass unemployment after the war. Although in Yang Rui's view, except for the five shipyards in Jiangnan, Nanjing, Qingdao, Lushun, and Tianjin, the other shipyards were not built by the government, and they would go bankrupt if they wanted to go bankrupt, and they would go bankrupt, and they had nothing to do with the government, but considering the influence of the great Soviet Union, the unemployed workers of those private shipyards still had to be given a way to live. With Xu Huafeng's construction by the Ministry of Industry, technical school students can be transferred to the railway construction department and the industrial department, where there is a shortage of people, and temporary migrant workers who can only tinker with rivets can only go to road construction.

Shipbuilding is an example, and then there is the coordination of industry. The government will gradually turn to agriculture, and industry will be left to its own devices, except in terms of tariffs, money, management, and technology. Self-fending is Yang Rui's term, in fact, as long as the tariffs are recovered, then the life of the factory owners will be very good, but the people's hearts are always not satisfied, no matter how good the business environment and policy, the factory owners will also ask the government to fund this, assist that, this kind of thinking is the most disgusting, it seems that the government does not lend, does not reward. It is as if industry can never be revitalized.

This kind of thinking has been most fully embodied in the Shanghai General Chamber of Commerce's letter, which repeats some of the great principles of industrial salvation, foreign goods in the market, silver outflow, and regaining profits. It also lists ten strategies for revitalizing the industry. In addition to the two strategies of recovering tariffs and abolishing centigold, these ten policies are all beneficial. This made Yang Rui even more displeased, and he increasingly believed that the obligation of the government to revitalize the industry only lies in three points: first, expand domestic demand and foreign trade, and increase the scale of the commodity market; the second is to improve commercial laws and regulations and build a good competition mechanism; The third is to create a business environment conducive to the growth of enterprises. Enterprises that can't grow under these three points should die as soon as possible so as not to block the way for latecomers.

At yesterday's meeting, Yang Rui's three strategies for industrial revitalization were recognized by everyone except Zhang Jian. Zhang Jian did not refute this, but he gave the example of Japan's revitalization of industry. It is believed that the large companies in Japan today are supported by the government, and that only the formation of large companies can be conducive to business competition.

The example of Japan is indeed very convincing, you can take the American antitrust as an example, although the giant company is conducive to international competition, but not conducive to the growth of small and medium-sized companies, a giant company and countless small and medium-sized companies, Yang Rui believes that the latter is more competitive, you must know that according to Parkinson's law, the larger the company, the stricter the bureaucracy.

The competitiveness of Japan's giant companies is not the result of their market competition strategies, technological or efficiency advantages, but from the full support of the government, in other words, it is actually the blood and sweat of the entire people who support these companies. Bureaucrats and aristocrats relied on the convenience of occupation, status, and financial resources. As a result, the Japanese industry eventually formed a freak like a chaebol, which looks strong, but is brittle than glass. For this reason, Yang Rui said frankly. It is impossible for such a company that specializes in policy meals and has no competitiveness to survive in China.

Yang Rui's last sentence made Zhang Jian stop talking until the end of the meeting. However, Du Yaquan, the secretary of the Ministry of Commerce, chose to acquiesce in the policy change of changing workers and supporting farmers. Rationally, he thinks Yang Rui is right. But in terms of position, the sudden change in policy made it difficult for him, the secretary of the Ministry of Commerce, to explain to the outside world.

The final discussion of yesterday's meeting finally gave the policy a rudimentary shape, in short, three modernizations: first, the popularization of education; the second is the chemical of agriculture, which is changed to agricultural science for the sake of sounding; The third is transportation facilitation, in fact, this is the marketization of agricultural products.

These three modernizations are just a program, and there are many, many details to be done below. Among them, education is the simplest, just throw money, as long as the teaching materials are qualified, the education method is appropriate, then the government will invest more technical talents; After all, the research and development of agricultural technology, such as hybrid rice, requires full patience, and it takes patience to teach farmers to farm scientifically in rural areas;

As for transportation facilitation, this requires careful planning in addition to spending money - according to the Ministry of Commerce, there are more than 50,000 rural markets in the country, and these markets connect the country's rural areas. Transportation facilitation is not about connecting roads and villages, but about connecting these more than 50,000 markets with waterways, railways, and highways. This is a very smart event, and all the officials of the Ministry of Transport believe that no one can optimize this transportation network except the General Logistics Department.

Because the work of the Ministry of Transportation and the General Logistics Department needs to be in contact with a lot, the construction of the transportation network requires a lot of mathematical analysis to ensure that the construction cost of the transportation network is optimized and the operating cost is also optimal.

The specific plan of the "three modernizations", the Ministry of Education can come up immediately, the Ministry of Agriculture will take six months to come out, and the transportation network planning of the Ministry of Transport, conservatively estimated to take five years, which in addition to the transportation network needs time to map and map, there are road tests, the Ministry of Transport has come up with a qualified highway technical program, but this technology will go through many years of testing before it can finally be used with confidence.

On the morning of the tenth day of August, when Yang Ruigang wanted to revise the details of the policy discussed at yesterday's meeting after going to work, Li Zilong reported that Cai Shangshu from the school department was here. Yang Rui, who heard the news, just smiled, and he dared to guarantee that the group of people in the school department did not sleep all night after the meeting ended yesterday, in order to take out the implementation draft of education popularization overnight.

He thought so, and when Cai Yuanpei and Jiang Weiqiao came in, their eyes were really bloodshot, and their faces were very sleepy. Seeing this, Yang Rui smiled and said, "Looking at your appearance, you haven't slept all night, right?" ”

Hearing Yang Rui say this, Cai Yuanpei and Jiang Weiqiao suddenly smiled, and Cai Yuanpei said: "It's done." Don't say you don't sleep, we're happy to live a few years. The Inspectorate will open at the end of the year. If I don't finalize the plan earlier and let the deputies raise their hands, my heart will still hang. Hehe....... Unexpectedly, 300 million taels! Cai Yuanpei was overjoyed as he spoke, "Forty or five of the national financial revenue, so much money, all of it was given to the school department, you didn't see Mr. Zhang Si's eyes red yesterday." ”

"yes. He originally wanted to have 100 million taels a year as a low-interest loan to revitalize the industry. Yang Rui's smile was a little restrained, and Zhang Jian's mention once again made him feel the greed and cunning of those business gentry in the industrial industry. With these low-interest loans, these people will soon become a giant company, and after becoming a giant company. If the business is not good, it will inevitably ask the government for help. help, it becomes the government to support them; If you don't help, the social impact is not good, and the early loan is gone, how can this be a big injustice. There are many such enterprises in later generations, but in later generations, this kind of enterprises are more caused by the poor transformation of state-owned enterprises, and now, if you want to support such a group of 'grandfathers' to supply, it is better to wipe your neck and hang yourself.

"Let's talk about your plans." Yang Rui put Zhang Jian's matter aside and began to formally discuss the plan brought by the department. "I'm worried that you've got the most out of education."

"Meaning?" Cai Yuanpei and Jiang Weiqiao were both stunned. Yesterday, after the meeting, they excitedly went back to make a plan, but they didn't think of anything that was meaningful.

"Okay, let's not talk about that, let's talk about your plan briefly." Yang Rui did not elaborate. Straight to the point.

"Let me tell you," Cai Yuanpei said first: "The ultimate goal of education popularization is to achieve education for all, and the realization of education for all must start from primary school." Considering that the marketization has been implemented in the first few years of the junior primary school. Then we have to maintain the previous policy that it will not be, but if the non-governmental teaching forces cannot complete the junior primary education. Then the missing part will be filled by the government school.

Upper primary education will be entirely dominated by government-run schools, and those private schools will be assessed by the Faculty of Studies. Then, as in the case of junior primary schools, education subsidies will be issued through the graduation exam, student status, and household register. Speaking of this, Cai Yuanpei said: "I originally thought that students could give them a certain subsidy as long as they went to school, but after comprehensive consideration, it was still vetoed, and we were worried that the student union and the school would join forces to defraud the education subsidy."

Junior high schools are not within the scope of popularization, and the number of students enrolled in this area should be fully considered in the number of students admitted to universities and technical schools. After all, this is not as good as elementary school, and according to the current school system, the age of students who have completed junior high school is already fifteen years old, and there will be no way out. ”

Hearing Cai Yuanpei say this, Yang Rui knew that he didn't understand the true connotation of education popularization at all, but he didn't interrupt, but wanted to see how these people in the school department spent the three hundred million taels of silver.

Cai Yuanpei didn't know Yang Rui's thoughts, and after he finished appointing international students, he did not introduce the budget, but instead talked about the fact that there are many students in Shanghai who are working and studying each other, and they also want to put the work-study mutual aid abroad, such as France. Hearing this, Yang Rui, who didn't want to wait any longer, interrupted him at the moment and said, "Xiao Min is in contact with Wu Zhihui, right?" ”

Unexpectedly, Yang Rui said Wu Zhihui when he mentioned mutual assistance, and Cai Yuanpei immediately said: "There is indeed a connection, I originally wanted to invite him to serve in the University Hall, but he pushed him back." ”

"Did the people forget about the separation of the school and the society, if Wu Zhihui comes, what if he makes trouble again?" Yang Rui looked at Cai Yuanpei, he felt more and more that his position in the school department was very inappropriate, but he couldn't find a place to settle him.

"It's done, everything back then is in the past, why bother?" Cai Yuanpei said, "You don't really believe what Uncle Mei said, thinking that he betrayed us back then, right?" ”

"I don't care if I sell or not. Don't forget what Wu Zhihui said when the society was separated, he said that no matter who is reasonable, he will help whoever is weak. I wasn't there at the time, I listened to Uncle Mei later, and Uncle Mei was slapped by his brother Zhang Xingyan. Wu Zhihui seems to be very righteous, but in fact? Nothing but mess around. Yang Rui said. Teachers are also civil servants, although they do not have official positions, but they affect a lot of students, and the examination and assessment were originally under the control of the Ministry of Officials, but at your request, the assessment of teachers is the responsibility of the Ministry itself. I can make it clear here that if there is any mess in the school department one day, this right will be withdrawn to the ministry. ”

Yang Rui suddenly turned his face a little and didn't recognize anyone, Cai Yuanpei immediately sweated on his head, and he said: "Isn't this teacher's censorship right still in the Ministry of Officials." Why are you so worried about me? ”

"It's not that I'm worried about you, but I'm not worried about the school. Especially the University Hall. There are already mixed thoughts in this, and some things are just to talk about and study. But if you really want to organize the students and make some kind of organization, then it will be a big deal. Yang Rui said. Therefore, I do not agree with the Faculty to sponsor those who work and study in Shanghai. The qualifications for the entrance examination of the university hall are very relaxed, and the examination fee is only one yuan, who can blame them for failing to pass the exam? And the news from Shanghai shows that these people are all organized by a society called the Obscure Society, do you want to sponsor these students, or do you want to sponsor the Obscure Society? ”

"It did. I just want to sponsor those students. Because of these work-study students, classes in various universities in Shanghai are often overcrowded, and even affect normal teaching, so it is not a way to let them go in this way. Wu Zhihui couldn't win over Liu Sifu some time ago, so he kindly wrote to Cai Yuanpei about the situation of the Obscure Ming Society, hoping that he would help. Wu Zhihui didn't have much hope for this, after all, the estrangement was very deep back then, but who would have thought that Cai Yuanpei would unconsciously think of the situation of patriotic students after seeing the letter, and he wanted to help.

"If it affects normal teaching. The school could have a policy prohibiting these work-study students from attending the classroom. Yang Rui said: "If the school department pays money because of this, then what fairness can be for other students?" If 3,000 people read it today, then the school will sponsor 3,000 people, and tomorrow it will be read by 5,000 people. Then subsidize 5,000 people, so what do you need to do with the college entrance examination? So everyone has to work and study. Many times the things done by good people and good intentions are ten times worse than those done by bad people. The Faculty is a government department. Fairness is the most important thing, and things are not decided by your kindness together. ”

Yang Rui's merciless refutation made Cai Yuanpei very embarrassed. After half a ring, he said: "But I have already sent a letter to Wu Zhihui promising to sponsor these work-study students, you can't be untrustworthy, right?" ”

"The problem is that your credibility as a human being cannot be based on national interests. If it's your own money. I wouldn't object. But why is it that a letter from an old man can grant his request with the state's money? Yang Rui said.

"But these are students, and the money is not for me! I just think about the hardships we had when we were patriotic students, and many of those work-study students went to class hungry every day......" Cai Yuanpei said loudly, feeling that his personality was being questioned.

"There are 100 million people in the world who often don't have enough to eat, but the taxes are not still collected." Yang Rui saw him loud, and his tone dropped a little, but he still insisted. "How can these people be treated better than other students? The Faculty will sponsor these people this year, but how many will it sponsor next year? In the future, will the Faculty increase a special subsidy for work-study students in the expenditure project? How will you explain to the Inspectorate why these people are funded, is it because they are handsome? ”

'Flutter' twice, hearing Yang Rui's last sentence, Jiang Weiqiao and Cai Yuanpei, who were still tense faces, suddenly laughed, Yang Rui didn't have the slightest smile, he continued: "Brother Xiaomin, you are good at everything, but because you are too good, you are too good to be an official." And the other one, when can you refuse someone's request to show me? You also promised this and that, aren't you tired of living like this? ”

Yang Rui doesn't know how many times he has said Cai Yuanpei, this person is thin-skinned, soft-hearted, easily gullible to others, and not good at rejecting people, many things are only borne by himself in the end, and then the people who follow him are unlucky. This kind of thing has happened a lot since he took charge of the school, and he has suffered a lot, but he can't change it.

"Li Zilong," Yang Rui ignored Cai Yuanpei after speaking, but called Li Zilong next to him, "immediately make a phone call to the Ministry of Transportation, and ask them to recover the letter sent by the people, and if they can't get it back, let the Ministry of Transportation pay this subsidy." ”

"I understand the Prime Minister, I'll do it right away." Li Zilong got up as he spoke.

Cai Yuanpei thought that Yang Rui, who was soft-tongued, would say that he would not take it as an example and promise to fund, but he didn't want his method to be posthumous, he sighed at the moment, and smiled helplessly: "It's done, you ......, hey, what do I say about you." Have you really forgotten how bitter everyone was at that time? At that time, if it weren't for you, the rich man, everyone would have starved to death. ”

"Of course I haven't forgotten the Patriotic Society, but now we sit in a different position on our butts, and what I used to think was black is now I would say it's white. used to say that Cixi was a traitor, but when we reached this position, how much better could we be than her? Cai Yuanpei sighed. Yang Rui also sighed. "Okay, let's not talk about that. I've listened to your plan, and I don't think you understand the meaning of universal education. ”

After he finished speaking, he glanced at Cai Yuanpei and Jiang Weiqiao. Then he said: "Wait a minute, let me ask you first, compared with the previous Xiucai, what is the current Xiucai?" Elementary school students, middle school students, or college students? ”

Cai Yuanpei had no intention of answering, and Jiang Weiqiao next to him said: "Although we have always advocated that college students are talents, master's students are talents, and doctors are Jinshi, but the people still regard primary school students as talents and middle school students as talents." College students are Jinshi. Although this statement is not in line with the propaganda, the division did not correct it in order to encourage students to pursue their studies. ”

"Since it's so messy, then I'll redefine it here." Yang Rui said: "In the future, the postdoctoral fellow will be a jinshi, the doctor will be a lifter, the master will be a showman, and the college student will be regarded as a child." ”

"How is this possible?!" Seeing that Yang Rui raised the standard so high, Cai Yuanpei immediately objected. "What is that division of elementary school students? Enlightened? And what about those who have already got their diplomas? ”

"That's what it means to popularize education." Yang Rui said: "What is the popularization of education? The popularization of education is the transformation of college students into migrant workers. The ultimate goal of popularization is that they will be unemployed as soon as they graduate, and even if they find a job, they will only do the hard work of migrant workers, with a monthly salary of less than six taels, and the day is precarious......

"It did. Don't laugh ......" Cai Yuanpei immediately glared, and Jiang Weiqiao was stunned, this kind of words made people can't believe that they came out of the mouth of the prime minister. How precious college students are. At the time of the founding of the country, the ministries rushed to the top of the ministry for a few more universities, and they didn't want to become migrant workers now.

"I'm not laughing. I'm serious. "Yang Rui is a serious way." Do you know how much college students are paid a month now? Another person who enters the government says that as long as the profession is not biased. When you go out, it's twenty taels of bottoms. But what is the current situation in the industry, migrant workers account for the vast majority, and their monthly salaries range from three taels to six taels. Can we build this country by relying on migrant workers? Not at all! Can you rely on those college students who will have a base of twenty taels as soon as they come out, and a monthly salary of fifty or sixty taels a few years later, and still look like a master? Not at all! What is the real meaning of the popularization of education, that is, the migrant workers of college students. Think about how strong the country would be if even the street sweepers were college students. ”

"It's insulting at all." Cai Yuanpei was really angry this time, scholars are dignified, and he can't accept the pride of heaven college students as migrant workers to sweep the streets.

"Poor people, when I talked about Mr. Zhang Si yesterday, I thought that in order to keep their position forever, some gentry would ask the government to pay for him to make the company bigger in the name of saving the country through industry, but once he became bigger, he relied on the relationship between the scale advantage and the government officials - this relationship is often that the officials buy shares in their companies, and then the officials and businessmen collude, and finally these business gentry can influence the political situation and form a chaebol like Japan. For this reason, last night I asked the Ministry of Industry, the Ministry of Commerce, and the Imperial Government to jointly draft an anti-unfair competition law to completely eliminate this possibility. ”

Yang Rui's expression was stern, and he talked about the school after he finished talking about business matters, "Chinese people have always respected teachers and education, which is a good thing, but there are many people who hope that the world will be full of peach and plum." This looks good, but these Taoli will always hold together, they will form gangs, the party will fight against differences, and finally become a school valve. These students always don't want others to have higher education than him, and they wish that college students were rare, and they would always be honored. Look at Japan, isn't that it? There are 66 junior colleges, with only 17,350 students; As for the university, there are only seven of them, and there are only 7,400 students enrolled in the university, and there are less than 2,000 graduates every year, which is less than the number of international students we send abroad. ”

Yang Rui's words were unsatisfactory, and Cai Yuanpei, who understood what he meant, said sadly: "It's done, let me ask you, what should I do if so many college students come out and can't find a job after graduation?" What should I do if I make trouble? ”

"Didn't I say it, be a migrant worker." Yang Rui looked at him and laughed: "There may be trouble, but whether to make trouble or not lies in control." Besides, the university entrance examination is voluntary and the tuition fee is waived, what reason do they have to make trouble, and who guarantees that they will have a job if they enter the university? Who has ever guaranteed that the monthly salary of college students is higher than that of migrant workers? Education is not the patent of a few people, if in order to keep some people's Sven to engage in aristocratic education and elite education, the final result will only be a large group of scholars. When the time comes, only the students they approve will be admitted, and then a nest of people will fight against each other, and finally those students will become masters. I don't want any bullshit masters, I want migrant workers! (To be continued......)

PS: Note: Research on Higher Education in Modern Japan, p258. The number jù is 1915.

Supplement to Chapter 40 U.S. Film Import Figures:

In 1913, U.S. exports of film to China totalled $21 million, or 189,740 feet, including unexposed and used film, and by 1926 it had increased dramatically to $94 million.

- Warren. Cohen-Warren, The U.S. Response to China: A History of Chinese Relations, p68, 107