Even among these prisoners of war who were successively transferred by the Soviet Union to more than 100,000 prisoners of war, some of them who had been engaged in optical manufacturing, as well as engineers engaged in optics, plus the introduction of American machinery and equipment, established their own optical factories. And the production of optical equipment that is almost the same as the performance of the original German Zeiss factory.

And a large number of military doctors among the prisoners of war also made a lot of contributions to the anti-Japanese cause of the Chinese. Among the prisoners of war, the officers and pilots of the armored and artillery units have trained a large number of grassroots officers who meet the needs of modern combat command skills, as well as a large number of highly skilled fighter pilots and staff officers.

The captured tank and artillery generals of the German army, as well as several senior commanders at the level of the commander of the Luftwaffe wing, exchanged the gold for those of the German army, and let the senior commanders of the artillery, armor, and aviation of the Anti-Japanese Union systematically learn the theory of armored clusters and air-ground integrated command of the large corps.

It has played a considerable role in the synthetic growth of the senior generals of the Anti-Alliance. His eyes were not limited to the relatively rough operational command of the Soviet army and the systematic command that the Anti-Japanese Union had figured out by itself. In Yang Zhen's words, he broadened his horizons, increased his knowledge, and improved his ability.

It should be said that the Germans, relatively speaking, still know how to repay their kindness. These Germans did not come to the Soviet Union for pleasure or sightseeing. During the war, the Soviets, who were extremely short of materials and could barely feed even their own soldiers and civilians, naturally did not give these prisoners of war any good treatment.

And the bloodshed on the Soviet-German battlefield and the atrocities of Germany on the territory of the Soviet Union made the Soviets, who have always been particular about flaws, repay them, and the Soviets will not give these Germans any good fruit to eat. Not being shot while being captured, and being transported to a prisoner of war camp was not an easy time.

Shots, starvation, and heavy physical labor. In the freezing cold of minus 30 or 40 degrees, there is a lack of adequate warm clothing and adequate heating. Not even winter clothes, wearing whatever they wore when they were captured, was an almost universal phenomenon for these German prisoners of war.

Coupled with the famine that the Soviet Union itself suffered in four or three years, more than 100,000 German prisoners of war who were captured at the end of the Battle of Stalingrad were selected to go to China. Of the remaining who survived to be repatriated to East Germany after the war, only about 9,000 remained. As for the whereabouts of the rest, they can only go to the ice and snow of Siberia to find out.

The German prisoners of war who were sent to the Anti-Japanese League, no matter when they came, whether in winter or summer, when they came, only had the thin military uniforms they wore when they were captured. All of them were skinny and malnourished. The body is covered with lice, and almost all of them suffer from various diseases.

Diarrhoea and severe zhòng had a bad effect and became almost a common disease among prisoners of war. The prisoners of war who were transferred over in winter were generally covered with frostbite, and the number of frostbite cases reached 60 percent or even higher, and there were not a few people whose hands, feet, and ears were frozen or frozen.

Compared to going to Siberia to work as a coolie, starving in a prisoner of war camp, and even constantly worrying about being shot by the Soviets. The well-fed, warmly clothed, and well-fed lives of these Germans in the North Manchurian base area of the Anti-Japanese Federation, as well as a salary equivalent to 50 percent of the domestic salary level, are simply paradise.

There is a strong contrast between the two lives, coupled with the strict work attitude of the Germans. The Germans who came from the Anti-Japanese Union were still quite hard-working, and it could almost be said that they gave them their money unreservedly. As a result, the command and coordination capabilities of the various branches of the Anti-Japanese Alliance have made a big leap forward in a short period of time, and it can even be said that it has undergone a qualitative change. For the all-out counteroffensive in the second half of the fourth year, extremely favorable conditions were created.

Of course, the introduction of this group of German talents is not without any trouble. Except for the fact that many people in the central government think that Yang Zhen's move to introduce so-called fascist talents for his own use, Yan Zhan Ng's lack of distinction between friend and foe, and there is no concept of right and wrong. What is even more troublesome is that the lack of German-proficient talents in the Anti-Japanese League has caused great difficulties in communication between the two sides.

But the most troublesome thing came after the war. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the central government decided to repatriate these Germans who had completed their mission. These Germans, who had suffered a lot in Soviet prisoner-of-war camps before they were handed over, were in East Germany, with the exception of some who were originally in East Germany or whose families remained in East Germany.

The rest either asked to stay in China or insisted on going to West Germany. As for East Germany, which was controlled by the Soviets, most of them were killed and did not go back. These people had enough of the suffering of the Soviet army in the prisoner of war camps, and they could almost be described as afraid of returning to East Germany, which was controlled by the Soviet Union, and the central government was also very hesitant about the demands of these Germans. Although East Germany was founded six days later than the People's Republic of China, it established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China twenty days later. Although the central authorities at this time did not implement a one-sided policy, the relationship with the socialist countries of Eastern Europe should be paid more attention to after all.

Moreover, at this time, the newly founded East German government, out of its own economic construction needs, and the restoration of Fù as the main battlefield at the end of World War II, the entire East German region was almost flattened with industry. Half a month before the establishment of diplomatic relations with New China, he asked the central authorities for this batch of Germans in China, whose number had reached more than 100,000 by the end of the fourth or fifth year.

In addition to sending special personnel to China to do the work of these Germans, he also put pressure on the central government through the Soviet Union. They tried to use the Soviets' so-called influence on China to force the Chinese government to hand over all these Germans to the East Germans in order to alleviate their own urgent needs.

It's just that most of these Germans, with the exception of some whose own homeland is in East Germany, do not buy this account at all. Not only Germans whose families were in West Germany were resolutely opposed to going to East Germany, but even some of those who were originally from East Germany were also determined not to settle in East Germany. But these people dare to be so resolute, that is, in China, which is quite tolerant of them.

If you had changed the Soviets, wouldn't you have to go to the socialist East German motherland, but to the capitalist West Germany? Well, you don't go back at all. Either stay in the Soviet Union and continue to contribute to the Soviet development of Siberia or Transcaucasia and Central Asia. Either the Soviets, who have a lot of land, will not waste some land and bullets to send you to God.

It was the tolerant attitude of the Chinese, including the wartime Germans, that made them so bold. These German prisoners of war spent much more comfortably in China than their colleagues who remained in the Soviet Union and were captured by the United States and Britain. Even for all prisoners of war, it can be said to be a rare treat.

Although it is forbidden to escape in wartime, it is forbidden to come into contact with the outside. But the food provided, both in quantity and quality, was quite adequate. Clothes are also rationed according to quantity. Although the Soviet-style padded jacket is not as light as the tweed coat that the Germans are used to, it has much better thermal performance.

In addition, when providing food, it also takes care of the German eating habits as much as possible, providing a sufficient amount of horse meat, as well as German red sausages made from other meats, as well as German sauerkraut, which is the favorite of the Germans. Of course, these are just raw materials provided by China, and it is their own business to make zuò.

In addition to the engineers and high-ranking generals who were used as advisers, the living environment was a room for eight people. Washing and toilets are also communal. However, not to mention the good ventilation, the heating equipment and coal required in winter are quite sufficient. Even though some dormitories use traditional Chinese ondols, they are always warm.

They were also paid in cash at 60 per cent of their salary rates in Germany. Of course, a part of the monthly salary has to be deducted as living expenses, but the amount is not much, and the remaining number of these Germans is still a lot.

Every German has a lot of money when he leaves China. Even people who don't know how to calculate anymore have tens of thousands of yuan in savings. However, the biggest objection of these Germans living in China is that they are paid in renminbi.

Because of the strict regulations during the war, these Germans, who could not leave their places of work most of the time, had no place to spend their salaries, even if they were paid. When the war ended and the Anti-Japanese Federation lifted their strict control, they wanted to spend money but didn't know what to buy. And the savings accumulated are all RMB, and they can't be spent when they are brought back to China.

However, after the first anti-Japanese federation and then the new Chinese government promised them that when they returned to China, they would contact the German government and convert their renminbi into marks, and they had no opinion at all. It is precisely the attitude of the Chinese towards them that makes these Germans unusually tough on their attitude towards returning home.

If you change the Soviets, you won't dare even if you give them ten dares. Not to mention that you are originally an East German, even if you are a West German and want to return to West Germany, you have to act according to the attitude and will of the Soviet Union. If you are an East German, you don't even have a door to go to West Germany.

In view of the contributions made by these Germans during their time in China, as well as the construction of Yang Zhen and others for several years, the central government could not forcibly repatriate them. However, the unusually tough attitude of the Soviet Union and East Germany made it very difficult for the Central Committee, which did not want to fall out with the Soviets when it was first founded.

In the face of the difficult negotiations, many even preferred to stay in China as a foreign language teacher rather than return to East Germany. The issue of the repatriation of more than 100,000 people was not until 1955 after the West German Chancellor's visit to the Soviet Union. West Germany dispatched a large delegation to China, including the Deputy Chancellor, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, and the Minister of Economy, to visit China before the issue was truly resolved.

In addition to more than 10,000 people of East German origin who had been repatriated at the end of the fifth and third years, and hundreds of Germans who had decided to settle in China. The vast majority of them were eventually repatriated to West Germany at the behest of the German POWs themselves, as well as on the terms that the West German government could not refuse.

Of course, Yang Zhen, who was sent by the central government to deal with the repatriation of German prisoners of war, has always adhered to the concept of having a cheap advantage and not taking advantage of the bastard, will never let go of this opportunity in vain. He took advantage of the opportunity of the West German government sending people to China to urgently solve the problem of the return of these prisoners of war, and in addition to asking the West German government to use the West German mark, which had been strong for decades, to exchange the US dollar exchange rate for the renminbi that was originally used as a salary in the hands of these Germans, he introduced a kind of foreign exchange that was constantly appreciating for the world.

He also took advantage of the Germans' efforts to bring back prisoners of war who had been exiled abroad and to establish diplomatic, economic, and trade relations with New China. Although diplomatic relations were eventually established at the chargé d'affaires level due to obstruction from some quarters, a package of economic and trade cooperation agreements was reached with West Germany.

In addition to the fact that West Germany used trucks and machinery to buy goods as a price for China's repatriation of the German prisoners of war, a number of industrial and military technologies were transferred. In particular, the latest Western submarine manufacturing technology and technology, as well as the production technology of large-tonnage trucks, which China urgently needed at that time, were introduced at this time.