Lu Wan's simple answer made Yang Rui a little surprised and passed, although he was very straightforward, Yang Rui still felt that it was better not to judge this political tendency by his character, but to judge by the social class he was in. This flashed through his mind, and he began to take the previous reports from Chen Guangshou's hand -- he only had two hours to discuss the matter with Lu Wan.

The rural issue is the most important issue in China, and there are many small issues that can be subdivided here, such as the total area of cultivated land, output, tax amount, clan, etc., and so on. However, there are only three most important problems, one is the proportion of land owned by landlords and the proportion of tenants, the second is the rate of land rent, and the third is the minimum cultivated area.

In the reports of all provinces, except for Zhili (because of the banner land, there are very few landlords in Zhili), the proportion of land directly owned by landlords in other provinces is on average about 30%, higher in some areas, lower in others, but basically fluctuates around 30%, while tenants (complete tenant farmers) generally fluctuate around 28%. Yang Rui was surprised that the landlord owned so little land, and he had always thought that the landlord owned 70-80% of the land, but this was not the case. Of the 3% or so landlords, 30% of their own land, but with less than 20% of the public land, temple land, clan land, official land, and school land, about 48% of the cultivated land really belongs to the tenants.

Yang Rui was surprised by the area of cultivated land, and even more so with the tax, which he had thought was around 50% – half for the landlord and half for the tenants, but the reality was not half as he understood. In the south, spring wheat is not rented, and in the north, the fields are not rented, and only the fields are rented. Other mountainous lands, forest lands and reservoirs are not included in the scope of renting; And when paying rent, they only pay about seventy or eighty percent of the quota, and the rest are in arrears, and after a few years, they are completely unclear, and finally have to be reduced, and then they are in arrears, if the landlord wants to withdraw the land and plant it himself. Then the tenants are either desperate or sue the officials, and the magistrate is generally in line with the idea of compassion for the poor. Either they will not accept it, or they will "favor the people" and refuse to be ordered to retreat. This is because there are other incidental parts that are not subject to tax. The amount of rent paid by it is only about 40% of the total production. And because every rent payment is insufficient, the actual land rent rate is only about 30% of the output per unit area. [Note 1]

The first two questions are understood, and the last is the minimum cultivated area, which actually means how many acres of land are needed to support a person, and the distribution of cultivated land after the founding of the People's Republic of China cannot be per capita, and if two acres of land per capita cannot support people, then it can only be immigration. Either go to the northeast, or go to the northwest, or regain the outer northeast later. Go to the Outer Northeast. According to statistics, because most of the land in the north is dry land and is planted in a single season, each person needs at least five acres of land to make a living; In the south, because of double cropping, the minimum cultivated area is three acres for dry land and less than two acres for paddy fields. In this way, the minimum cultivated land per capita can be roughly set at three acres. [Note 2]

Three acres of land per person, 450 million people at the end of the Qing Dynasty, and roughly subtracting 120 million or 20 million people who do not farm, will require more than 1.3 billion mu of cultivated land. It is impossible to verify how much arable land Yang Rui has now, but the rough estimate is about 100 or 1.1 billion, and the gap is at least 200 million. Of course, in addition to expanding cultivated land, we can also increase the yield per mu to solve the problem, the current grain yield per mu is about 240 catties, if we use chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and improved seeds, then even if the cultivated land does not increase, the livelihood problem can be solved.

When Yang Rui looked through his previous notes, he couldn't help but go through the things he had summarized earlier, and felt that the pressure on people and land was not particularly great, but these were all things to consider after the founding of the People's Republic of China, and the most important thing now is the revolution.

"You mentioned the BIBS in your report, but because it is not the point, I am here mainly to hear your introduction to the BIBS and ...... And your bazaar theory. Yang Rui's gaze lifted from the notepad, looked at Lu Wan's young face, and said with a smile.

"The Seedlings Club is not a township group," Lu Wan knew that the association was now paying great attention to the township group, and the investigation was also focused on this.

"It's just because it's not a township group, so you have to understand." Yang Rui saw that he still couldn't let go, and said: "You just tell everything you know about the Seedlings Club, even if it's wrong, it doesn't matter." ”

The Fuxing Association has always spoken with the number jù, and at the same time the requirements for the number jù are very strict, and all members know very well that there is no right to speak without investigation, and Yang Rui now means to let him go and say, don't care about right or wrong.

"The Seedlings Club is actually used to see the green, every year in July and August when the crops are not ripe, the croppers are afraid that the bad guys will steal, and they start to see the green, and then they think it is so troublesome, so everyone spontaneously organizes the Seedlings Club, which... It's been at least a few decades anyway. Most of the Beanstalk Club has a meeting for each village, and there is also a meeting with neighboring villages, and most of the people invited are scoundrels or gangsters in the village, so that they can not only give them food, but also prevent them from stealing food......

The leader is called the first minister, and most of them are big families in the village, or people with some prestige; The clubhouse is all in the land temple, or not in the Guandi Temple, and the beginning and end of the meeting have to act and thank God, and these things are also to be the first thing to be raised, and then shared by each household. In fact, in addition to watching Qing, other things are also done by the Qingmiao Society, especially when there is a township security and an errand officer who has no reason to ask for money, he has to come forward with the heads of other villages to complain to the county order, but these township guards are all done by some related heads, and they generally don't mess around......

After the Gengzi New Year, the county government of each county will order that all villages must have a green seedling association, so that it will be easy to apportion. ”

When Lu Wan said this, Yang Rui laughed, he just heard that every village has it, and when the big households are the leader, he thought that it was good to collect taxes in this way, but he didn't think that the Manchu Qing Dynasty used it for apportionment, he asked: "What is the main apportionment?" ”

"Now the main thing is to apportion police funds and school funds, if you want to do any big things, such as wars, mines, road repairs, etc., you will also be apportioned by the seedlings, sometimes it is to pay people, sometimes it is money, not enough."

Lu Wan said generally, but Yang Rui felt in his heart that this Seedlings Association was basically an organization like a village committee in later generations, and the key to this organization was the countryside. This would not involve the landlord, or even if it did, it would be a small landlord. The big landlords generally lived in the county seats, and only when taxes were collected, did they send their account offices to the countryside. If this organization can be infiltrated and controlled, then no matter whether the Manchus are unpopular or not, the revolution will proceed smoothly, but how can we go deeper?

Yang Rui wrote down everything he thought in his notebook, and then asked another question. In fact, this is also the reason why Lu Wan came over, as long as the Seedlings Club has zài, then they can send someone to investigate. As long as there is time, then a qiē will understand.

"Tell us about your market theory." Yang Rui said.

"I mainly think that the county seat is not the center of the countryside," Lu said, "because many people go to the city several times in their lives, mainly in the village, in the fields or in the market." These bazaars are also not open every day. Instead, it is opened every few days. The people count their days, sometimes they go to this market, sometimes they go to that market, and the grain they grow is also bought in the market......" Lu Wan said and found a blank piece of paper, and drew a diagram on it, the shape of the picture was like a beehive, and a point was dotted in the middle of the hexagon, and an equation was also listed. Then he said: "There are dozens of villages next to each bazaar, and every small bazaar is surrounded by a large bazaar. This is like a network centered on the bazaar, the village is enclosed in the net, the distance between them is actually related to the traffic, the traffic cost is high, then the network is dense, the market is close, the traffic cost is low, then the network is ......"

"This one looks ...... It seems that "Yang Rui suddenly felt that he had seen this formula somewhere, but he couldn't say it for a while."

"It's a transportation problem in operations research." Lu Wan replied: "The storage of these bazaars is basically related to roads, so we can use transportation problems to analyze it, generally a bazaar is around sixty miles is its radiation range, if it is farther, that day will not be able to come back, and grain is difficult to transport, the farther the road, then the lower the price of grain, and the low price of grain makes it difficult for the people to live, because they live in this bazaar all their lives......"

"So how do you have operations research to analyze the countryside?" I was very curious about this Yang Rui, could it be that he liked mathematics and had nothing to do.

"Sir, I like to fight, didn't the newspapers say that the Russo-Japanese War consumed dozens of times more materials than the original war? I often think of these bazaars as military stations, and then I deduce how far the military can be delivered and how many things a person needs to deliver according to the dirt roads in the countryside. ”

It turned out that he was really a military fan, not studying the countryside, but studying war. Thinking of this, Yang Rui said: "You will live in Shanghai for two days, and after two days, a working group in Shanghai will return to Shandong with you, mainly to inspect the Seedlings Association and the bazaar, and you will also be included in this working group." ”

Lu Wan nodded, he didn't know Yang Rui's plan at all, Yang Rui didn't explain, and then said: "Together with the work, you will use mathematics to analyze rural problems and help them provide them with some ideas, if this problem is completed well, then I will recommend you to go to the military academy." ”

Lu Wan was overjoyed, but he didn't expect that the military school that he couldn't apply for several times opened the door to him in this way, and mathematics became his biggest reliance on commanding troops in the future.

Yang Rui was actually very happy when he saw that he was happy -- he was not satisfied with the "regimental training revolution" plan that he had drawn up before, the gentry could win over, but they could not rely on it, and the peasants, the peasants who were serious about farming, could completely rely on it, and he was now thinking about how to use the bazaar as the center to infiltrate the nearby Qingmiaohui sixty miles away. The township group had to apply to the government, and then the gentry came forward to establish it, but the Qingmiao Society had already existed, so could it infiltrate the Qingmiao Society in the name of supporting the peasants, and then organize the tenant farmers and displaced people inside to become a substantive township group?

Yang Rui returned to Wan'anli with this question, and as soon as he entered the door, he saw Wang Jitong inside, and asked curiously, "Why don't you sleep?" ”

"The ship carrying the arms was captured by the anti-smuggling team." Wang Ji had a straight face, he was woken up by this news.

"Ahh Yang Rui also exclaimed, and said again: "How can you be arrested?" How many guns were shipped? ”

"Not far from the rental world, there are officers and soldiers and patrols." Wang Jitong said: "There are not many guns, just the original hundreds of British rifles, at that time I thought that since I needed more guns, it would be better to send these guns out first." Who knows......"

"So the concession also knows?" Yang Rui said.

"I guess, I'm afraid they've been staring at us for a long time...... Now the rumors in various places are very close, and the patrol activities of the government are also very strange. I don't know what they're going to do. Wang Jitong felt a deep uneasiness, but he didn't know what was going to happen.

At a wharf on the Huangpu River, Mi Zhanyuan stood at the bow of the ship waiting for the British to "inspect the goods". At this time, Major Wingate was inspecting the rifles in the cabin, "All of them are our guns!" "I really doubt how they could be thousands of miles away in the Far East, when these guys must be in Africa!" ”

The chief spoke, but Ailes did not dare to interject, since the trial of the public office in December last year -- he beat up the Chinese officials. Fortunately, the Chinese recognized the wrong person, or he would have been fired and rolled back to England - he was just honestly counting the counts, "Sir." There were six hundred and thirty-one Enfild rifles, and thirty thousand rounds of ammunition. ”

"No!" Major Wingate shook his head, "It's much more than that, at least 10,000 rifles are in their hands. Or 30,000 sticks. Look at these boxes, look at these boxes, damn it, how did they get here? Major Wingate patted the wooden boxes marked with the OVS mark, and said to himself, "The Boers have sold them all the rifles they have hidden, and these rifles will make the situation in the Far East worse." ”

Major Gawin grumbled, and waited out of the cabin. Mi Zhanyuan outside immediately stepped forward and said, "Lord Gai......"

"Call me Major Gavint." Major Gewent had been in the Far East for many years, and he still knew a thing or two about the Chinese.

"My lord." Mi Zhanyuan didn't understand the strange name of Lord Yang, so he simply called the adult, "We, Wu Shuai, hope that the adults can be accommodating, so that we can enter the concession to arrest the revival association and disrupt the party." ”

After hearing the translator's words, Major Gai Went had a very regretful expression and said, "I'm really sorry, according to the regulations of the Ministry of Industry, no Qing soldiers are allowed to enter the concession to arrest prisoners. Mi Zhanyuan thought that after seeing so many rifles, the British would agree to his request, but who expected that it would not work. But at this time, Major Gawin added: "But you can send someone to help us capture it, and Ayrs will take care of this matter." ”

"...... Ailes", Mi Zhanyuan didn't know who it was, but when he saw an Englishman patrolling over, he immediately understood, "What do you mean that we can send someone to help?" ”

"Yes, but you can only enter the concession in civilian clothes, and you are not allowed to bring guns." Gai Winter said. "And any action you take in the concession must be notified in advance...... Inform Mr. Pulander. ”

Major Gawin finished his words and left, after the last discovery of the ordnance crates of the OVS Orange Republic, MI5 attached great importance to this incident, believing that the smuggling of a large number of unidentified guns into the Far East, especially into the British sphere of influence, would bring devastating consequences to the stability of the region, and the British would not allow any instability in the Yangtze River basin.

Lord Yang left, Mi Zhanyuan's next thing could only negotiate with the Yang patrol, and after the explanation was completed, he hurried to the new Dangui Tea Garden, at this time, the play had been sung, and Xia Yueheng had already finished removing his makeup in the background.

"Is there any news over there?" They are all secret agents, and Mi Zhanyuan has nothing to be polite about.

"There's news!" Xia Yueheng is a famous Peking Opera singer in Shanghai, he has a wide range of contacts, if Mi Zhanyuan is a patrol, he is a detective, in that group of gentry, he can get a lot of news that ordinary people don't know.

"Huh?"

"The revival meeting just held a meeting some time ago, and people from 18 provinces across the country have come here." Xia Yueheng's first news shocked Mi Zhanyuan's heart. But as soon as he said that, he stopped.

Mi Zhanyuan watched him deliberately sell Guanzi, and only scolded the drama ruthlessly in his heart, but he had to say: "Wu Shuai said, if this time the arrest of the revival will be a mess of the party, you can be promoted as the capital." ”

Hearing that it was actually Dusi, Xia Yueheng smiled and smiled, and the orchid fingers stood up, and Mi Zhanyuan felt cold for a while, his face seemed to be shining, and said, "Is what you said true?" ”

"Wu Shuai is an official of the imperial court and the governor of Liangjiang, how can he be untrustworthy." Seeing that this drama actually suspected Wu Shuai, Mi Zhanyuan couldn't help but be furious, and he didn't know why Wu Shuai would send such a person to be a secret agent.

"Hehe, I'm just talking. How dare I not believe Wu Shuai's words. Xia Yueheng laughed, and the orchid finger took it back. Now I only have some paperwork from the party here, you can take it and hand it over to Wu Shuai first, and more news will have to wait for a few days. ”

"Wait a few days? How long will we have to wait? ”

"It won't be long, there will be news tomorrow and tomorrow." Xia Yueheng said it steadily. The husband of the beautiful young woman he hooked up with was one of the leaders of the Renaissance Society, and if he could come over, things would be much easier. "Still. If the big leader of the revival association can come over, what official position can Wu Shuai give him? ”

"This ......" Mi Zhanyuan can't be the master, and he can't help but answer when he hears it.

"Anyway, I said, if he can come over, at least he will be promoted." Xia Yueheng said. "Brother Mi still persuades Wu Shuai, if this person can take refuge in him, it will play a great role in detecting the revival of the party." He said. He took out the prepared stack of chaotic party texts and said, "The chaotic party's plot is not small, if it really succeeds." That's ......."

When Xia Yueheng handed the report to Mi Zhanyuan, Liu Guanghan was rummaging through things in a Shikumen house in the Shanghai Concession, and He Zhen guessed what he was looking for when he saw him. In fact, what he was looking for had already been given to others by himself.

"What are you looking for?" He Zhen is completely a tiger at home. And Liu Guanghan is not as good as a cat.

"I ......" Seeing his wife ask, Liu Guanghan suddenly stopped, feeling a little worried in his heart.

"Get out without sleeping!" He Zhen yelled, she was very angry when she saw Liu Guanghan's wretched appearance. In the past, he coaxed himself to say that he was the big leader of the revolutionary party, but this big boss was too shabby, only seven foreign dollars a month, and he was only four yuan, and the money was gone after a trip on the street. If you see some beautiful foreign cloth and jewelry, you can only look at it. I don't dare to ask the price, and I have to be looked down upon, so this is called a big boss?!

As soon as his wife was angry, Liu Guanghan trembled, he hurriedly ran back to the bedside, and when he was about to go to bed, he was kicked down by He Zhen again, "I ask you, when will the revolution be completed?" ”

"This ......" Liu Guanghan didn't dare to get angry when he fell to the ground, but he just got up by himself, and then said: "In the meeting... I didn't say anything about it in the meeting. ”

"Look at it, how many years have you been talking about the revolution and talking about the revolution, how many years have you been coaxing me, you still said that you were the big leader of the revolutionary party, but now you live in this shabby place, the house is so small, and you can touch the wall when you turn around, this is also called a big boss?!" As He Zhen spoke, he remembered the grievances he had been looked down upon by those snobs on the street before, and couldn't help crying.

As soon as He Zhen cried, Liu Guanghan was even more chaotic, he knelt and half-squatted beside He Zhen, "This... This... I..., our revolution is not for pleasure, we are for the sake of millions of people to live a good life, how great is this cause, and how ......"

Seeing that Liu Guanghan was still bent on revolution, He Zhen didn't cry, slapped him in the face, and roared again: "The surname Liu, are you letting the dog eat your brain, which has always rebelled not for the sake of glory and wealth, and the prince of Wandai, I don't believe that Zhang Binglin and Yang Jingcheng are not for their own revolution!" ”

Liu Guanghan was blinded by her slap, but he didn't dare to resist in the slightest under the accumulation of power for many years, only to hear He Zhen say again: "I only talked to you, I gave you all those documents to others." ”

"You!!" Liu Guanghan jumped up in shock, shocked and aggrieved, pointed at He Zhen and stammered: "This... It's going to be inside... The top-secret text jiàn, that is, the concession... You can't take it out, how can you ......"

"Why can't I?" He Zhen didn't look at his pitiful look, and said, "Sue you." These things have been given to the Governor of Liangjiang, Lord Duanfang, and the Lord is very happy, saying that if you can also surrender to the past, then the Lord will definitely reward you with a person, and if you make another meritorious service, then ......."

Before He Zhen finished speaking, Liu Guanghan fell to the ground, as soon as he heard the words "Lord Duanfang, the Governor of Liangjiang", he felt a thunder blow above his head, blowing up his five souls and six spirits, and he didn't hear what He Zhen said later, just kept muttering, "It's over...... Finished...... It's all over ......."

Seeing that what he said for a long time was in vain, He Zhen kicked it over again and scolded: "Is it good for you to be good, didn't you think about winning the lift before, but now Lord Duanfang has said that I can reward you with a lifting ......."

"This Manchu Qing is about to perish, what is the use of this lifting people?" The analysis of Manchu corruption was so profound that all members were convinced that the Manchus were doomed, but this was Liu Guanghan's last reluctance.

"Humph! It's really unproductive. Now that Emperor Guangxu is out of the mountain, all the people support him, and the world returns to his heart, haven't you gone to the street to listen to what everyone says? They all said that Emperor Guangxu was the Holy Monarch who came into the world, and was pressed by Cixi Lafayette before, and now the hidden dragon is out of the abyss, and my Qing Dynasty is about to reappear. "It's not like Liu Guanghan often writes at home, He Zhen likes to listen to dramas and go shopping when he has nothing to do, she knows the movements outside very clearly, plus Xia Yueheng instilled some ideas in her when she was affectionate, so that she only feels that the revolution has no hope of success, "Now taking advantage of Lord Duanfang's appreciation, we still have to surrender to the past, once the adults have blue eyes, it is not very difficult to find an official and a half-position in the future." ”

"You... You... I ......" Liu Guanghan couldn't imagine that He Zhen would think like this, and he didn't dare to resist if he wanted to.

"Don't you, me, those texts are now in the hands of Lord Duanfang, if you don't vote over, the revival will be able to let you go? We don't know how we're going to die. For now, the best way is to take refuge in the imperial court, so as to protect the integrity of the family. ”

He Zhen understood Liu Guanghan's temperament, and after being tempted, he began to be scared, Liu Guanghan "You, you, me, and me" for a long time, and also knew that the matter had come to this point, and there was no power to return to heaven at all, and there was strict discipline in the meeting, if Wang Jitong knew about this matter, then he would really be punished strictly. He struggled in his head for a long time, and finally his spine loosened and he was relieved. (To be continued......)

PS: Note 1: This number jù comes from "A New Theory of Tenant Relations: Landlords, Peasants and Land Rent"

Note 2: This number is derived from the "Social and Economic Research on Rural North China in the Twentieth Century"