Any factory, any management work is a combination of humanities and science, or any management activity involves people and things. The management of things, to be precise, the modern management theory of treating people as things began with Taylor's scientific management, and the action analysis, work quota system, and standardized operation advocated by it are the development results of scientific management of things, so to speak, there is no Ford assembly line without Taylor system;

The study of management that treats people as people began with Hawthorne Shiyàn, which was thirteen years later than the book on scientific management, but Professor Mayo, who presided over the real work at that time, began to go in the wrong direction, thinking that increasing lighting could improve the productivity of workers, but as a result, nothing was gained. So far, the human factor in management has been simply outlined and valued.

Humanities and science in Yang Rui's view is only a theoretical summary of the essence of management work, in the actual factory management, he believes that there are two kinds of management that must be added: one is 5S on-site management. Management must create a good management environment, without this good environment then other management work is difficult to carry out, and the most important thing is to form a habit and form quality in the hearts of workers;

The second is quality management. Do not pay attention to quality, production efficiency is the opposite of the opposite, is the quality control personnel is the soul of the factory to play a positive effect, however, relying on the quality control personnel PDCA - planning, implementation, inspection, correction of this model is not enough, the real solution is to establish a QCC quality control circle, all production and technical personnel into the quality management system, so that the workers of the team no longer chat about who in the kiln thighs are the whitest, whose voice is the most waves. It's about getting together to solve the problem of quality and efficiency. This is the perfect quality management.

Historically, the Americans invented PDCA, but the Japanese invented QCC on this basis. This laid the groundwork for the failure of American companies in the 80s, and also laid the groundwork for the subsequent deindustrialization of the United States. And when the Americans looked down on Japanese management in the 80s, they realized that the lack of management humanities that they had been ignoring was the main culprit for this situation. QCC can bring out the spirit of human initiative and make every employee a quality manager, who is involved and understands the importance of the entire production process from the initial to the finished product for the quality of the final product.

From a philosophical point of view, QCC tends to be close to cellular production, which semi-frees people from the 'alienated labor' mentioned in Max's 1844 manuscript on economics and philosophy. to make them understand the meaning of essential labor; If you combine employee stock ownership and cellular production, then every worker will be the boss, they will produce a complete product instead of broken parts that do not know the purpose, and work will become their essential labor.

The application of science and humanities in management lies with the managers themselves, while on-site management and quality management mobilize all employees. Originally, Yang Rui thought that it was difficult to establish a quality circle, but the reason why the Japanese were able to figure out what the Americans couldn't get was due to the oriental humanistic culture itself. Yes. Quality management, which was thought to be difficult to implement, has been implemented in all state-owned companies in a few years, and the incentive system has been deeply rooted in the hearts of workers.

However, on-site management is a problem no matter how it is pushed. It is often possible to do a good job when it is implemented, and after a year or two, all workers, including managers. The on-site management is very lax, so the dust in the production workshop, the dirty oil and waste chips on the workstation and machine. The cockroaches and spiders in the cafeteria, the back of the house, and even the dung ...... under the grass tree, these things that should not have appeared in the factory again.

Rectify it once. If it's good for a year or two, you will slack off and rectify it again. Living for two or three years is the same as slacking. Workers and managers do not understand the importance of on-site management, thinking that they are tired after a day's work, and that tidying up and cleaning today will still be messy tomorrow. The factories are like this, and the same is true of the capital, which has spent a lot of money to renovate the sewers, roads, and houses in the city, but most of the residents' cleaning is in response to the situation, and many people are walking and feeling anxious to find a place to solve it, even if the public toilet is nearby.

The solution may be solved by fines, but the entire on-site management cannot be achieved by fines, so the final result is to add strict neatness requirements to the daily management regulations of the school, especially the daily management regulations of primary school students. Similarly, the new rural construction plan proposed by the Ministry of Agriculture, he also asked for 5S on-site management. Of course, this is completely mandatory, and is closely related to the annual agricultural loans, fertilizer targets, and even the purchase of agricultural products.

The purpose of one qiē is to develop an efficient national character. Yang Rui thought so on the way to the toilet of the Dagu Shipyard, and the officials who followed him had different expressions, the most strange was Zhao Bingjun, the governor of Zhili, who had heard that the prime minister had strict hygiene requirements, but he could not imagine that the prime minister would personally go to the grain reincarnation to inspect it.

He muttered like this, not wanting Yang Rui not to go to the toilet at all, but walked to the wall next to the toilet and said to Wu Yulin, who was following: "Go find a ladder." ”

"Ahh Wu Yulin's heart was shocked, behind the toilet was outside the shipyard, and the filth was flowing into the Haihe River from the ditch outside, if you really found a ladder to go over, the scene would be absolutely miserable. However, the prime minister told him not to dare not do it, so he asked someone to find a ladder after a while, and then followed the prime minister across the fence in sweat on a cold day, looking at the filth behind the toilet and feeling uneasy.

"I remember that according to the management manual, the management area was within a kilometer of the factory." Yang Rui said lightly.

The prime minister's words were light, but Wu Yulin was frightened, he couldn't speak, only nodded vigorously.

"Where does the water come from?" Yang Rui asked lightly.

"From ...... From," Wu Yulin couldn't lift it in one breath, so he took a deep breath before saying: "Back to the Prime Minister, yes, it's ......from the well" Wu Yulin wanted to die at this time, and he didn't know if he didn't see it, but now he sees such a scene. Thinking that the water he drank every day might have filth infiltrating it, he suddenly felt a little itchy in his throat.

"Good habits money can't buy! I'd rather earn less. I don't want to spoil my habits in order to make money. Yang Rui said lightly again. But the voice of this was louder, as if it was not just said to Wu Yulin. It's about someone in the place.

"Yes, Prime Minister. I'm going to ...... Must ......" Wu Yulin didn't know how Yang Rui would be punished, but he forgot that state-owned companies are not under the jurisdiction of the Prime Minister's Office, and if Xiong Chengji, the representative of the Inspectorate and chairman of the State-owned Enterprise Committee, is here, then he will have good fruits to eat.

After the toilet was inspected, the kitchen was also looked at, and the situation there could not be said to be very good, only that it was basically qualified. So. Yang Rui's actual level of Dagu Shipyard is about to have a bottom, it is definitely not as good as Jiangnan, Qiuxin, those old factories that implemented 5S on-site management before the Sino-Japanese War, and the production efficiency is bound to be lower; As for quality management, although it can stand on the shoulders of Jiangnan and other factories, the vitality of workers' participation in the quality control circle will be lower.

However, these two management inspections are only Yang Rui's habitual behavior, and the real purpose of coming to Dagu Shipyard is to be invited by Xu Huafeng to see the MRP (Material Requirements Planning) system launched by the local law - after learning the management technology of later generations, the Ministry of Industry and the senior management of state-owned companies want to implement MRP and MPRII., and even ERP. But. MRP is based on computer-based management technology, in the era without computers, the most material management of enterprises is the order point method, that is, all parts set a minimum order point. Order from the supplier when the inventory is at a minimum.

In order to establish the Master Production Plan (MPS), the bill of materials (BOM) calculates the inherent required parts, and finally controls the inventory. Assign production or order tasks to individual component manufacturers, as this involves tens of thousands of parts. Nearly 10,000 factories are bound to be processed by computers. Only a computer can record so much digital information with such accuracy. And most importantly, only a computer can input, modify, and read numbers from countless terminals, which is too difficult for humans to accomplish.

He came to a newly built two-story building inside the factory, and said with a smile: "It will be done, you will be surprised." ”

Yang Rui was indeed taken aback. When the door opened, a burst of heating rushed out of the room, followed by bright lights shining on everyone's faces, but there was nothing surprising about this, the most important thing was that in the middle of the room was a glass fiber reinforced plastic building with a base of about 200 square meters and a height of three floors. Unlike previous buildings, the floor partitions of this 'glass tower' are also glass, so you can see each other from top to bottom. Glass, even tempered glass, is difficult to bear, but fortunately the tower gets smaller the higher it goes, and it is made of steel, and there are some steel beams across the floor, which makes people feel at ease about its stability.

A brightly lit three-story glass tower may be the key to the Ministry of Industry's courage to implement MRP. Sure enough, Chen Shishi, who was beside Xu Huafeng, said: "Prime Minister, this is ......, and we now call it the Computing Tower." There are 60 people on the ground floor, each of whom is responsible for the update and transmission of about 1,000 parts inventory figures, and there are 28 people on the second floor, each of whom is responsible for about 400 parts inventory figures, and are familiar with the bill of materials, and can decompose and calculate the various parts required according to the main production plan, and the third layer, which is the top layer, is the main production plan release place of the entire shipyard, and is also the production control center. Split the order into various parts and place its commands down to the second level.

At present, there are 27,854 parts and components for the standard ships produced by the shipyard, and these 100 people can effectively manage them. The 60 statisticians at the bottom update the inventory daily, and they send orders to the suppliers through the purchasing department to specify that the parts will be shipped to the factory at the exact time to meet the production rhythm......

In addition to the outward orders, the parts management personnel on the second floor will supervise and control the production plan of each workshop, so that the production progress of the parts in each workshop is in line with the overall master production plan; If there is a problem with the production on the workshop, they will consult with others on the same floor and feedback the information up and down for final coordination. ”

"Now the Dagu shipyard is controlled by this calculation tower control the entire production plan?" Yang Rui carefully looked at this so-called computing tower, and always felt that something was wrong.

"Prime Minister, not yet. Now it's just simulating production. Chen Quartz said: "After several years, the domestic industrial parts industry has completed the coding. But coding is only the most basic step to achieve scientific management, and we also need to rectify the entire logistics system. So that it can be transported on time and in quantity, in order to arrive on time, and then the information transmission system ......"

Chen Shishi glanced at Yan Deqing, the waiter of the Ministry of Transportation, and said: "Now the Ministry of Transportation is planning to lay a national telephone network, and the Ministry of Industry is building a special industrial information network to connect various industrial cities, industrial parks, factories, and mines. In this way, production, ordering, logistics and other information can be transmitted to each factory through the guò cable network, and finally realize the information management of all factories and mines in the country. If the logistics is accurate and the information is smooth, and then the computing towers here are set up in factories all over the country, then the entire industrial production can be accurate and efficient. ”

Unexpectedly, the Ministry of Industry is not looking at a factory at all. Rather, it is intended to spread this model throughout the country, and if this is done, then the factories of the whole country will become a whole, and the factories and workshops with the tools will be able to produce the parts or products required by the Ministry of Works, as long as they have been formally trained, as long as they are properly trained.

"There's a problem with that." Yang Rui imagined the whole scene in his mind, and he was not intoxicated, but immediately thought of the flaws. "If this is a supplier, then the third level, which is the one that makes the master production plan of the factory, should be the bottom of another factory, right?"

"Yes. Premier. Chen Quartz said, he understood what Yang Rui meant, and the main production plan was based on orders. After they accept the order, they can split the order according to the bill of materials. The required parts are passed downwards, while the middle layer is also based on the bill of materials. Then split the part into parts and pass them down. Think of the shipyard as a supplier, and then its orders are sent from the bottom of the main producer.

"There's nothing wrong with the fact that the top layer is closely connected to the bottom of another factory, but it's not quite the right thing about the middle layer and the bottom layer." Yang Rui said. "It stands to reason that the middle layer should be in each workshop to count production figures and supervise progress; The lower floor, which should be in each warehouse, is responsible for picking and receiving materials and regularly counting inventory, but now it is concentrated here......"

It doesn't matter where the top level sits, but the workshop statistician is no longer in the workshop, and the bottom warehouse statistician is not in the warehouse, which is really outrageous. However, Yang Rui pointed out the flaws and said: "I think the trouble of your design is not to gather these people together with glass towers, worried that the information between each other cannot be read in real time?" ”

"Exactly." Chen Quartz said with a smile, he was very happy that this approach could be understood by Yang Rui. "There are too many parts for ships, there are more than 20,000 standard ships, and more than 30,000 normal merchant ships. If these people are scattered in the workshop, then they can only be contacted by phone, but the phone is not convenient to see the whole statistical chart, so it is best to concentrate together.

Two hours before the end of each day, the numbers are gathered from the warehouses and workshops to the ground and middle floors, where they are compiled and sent to the places where they need to be in a written form and by cable fax - a dedicated industrial information network is required to ensure that these faxes can be transmitted throughout the country. ”

"Fax?" Yang Rui was a little puzzled, but at this time, Xu Huafeng whispered a few words in his ear, and he stopped talking. A company under the Ministry of Industry has purchased the Frenchman Edward. Belan's fax patent.

Chen Quartz, the human flesh computer introducer, did not hear what Xu Huafeng said to Yang Rui, and he explained: "Our research found that only images do not make errors in long-distance transmission, and image fax is faster than Morse telegraph. In addition, we are worried that people will make mistakes, and now the bottom and middle levels are actually two sets of unrelated statisticians, and their numbers must be aggregated and checked for correctness before they are sent out......"

"Do I need a toner cartridge for a fax machine?" Yang Rui couldn't help but digress.

"It's ......, it's not yet." The general Xu Hua sealed the road. "I'll go back and check it out."

After Xu Huafeng finished speaking, Yang Rui nodded, and once again looked at the glass tower in the middle of the room, and he affirmed: "This is already very good!" ”

As soon as he said this, the people around him began to applaud, and Zhao Bingjun, who didn't understand what this thing was, also agreed, although he didn't know what this could do, but at least this was in the factory under his rule, which was his political achievement.

But Yang Rui's words were not finished, he said: "The original factory production instructions were completed through the kanban of the just-in-time production system, although there are many problems in the just-in-time production system, but it is closely related to the requirements of total quality management, production line layout, tooling selection, staff training, supplier location selection and other requirements that we implement.

If the MRP is pushed, i.e., the main production plan is used to achieve 'the right material at the most accurate time and in the most accurate place', then the just-in-time production plan is pulled, i.e. the kanban between the shop floor and the shop floor makes 'the required parts, in the required quantity, and at the required time, be sent to the production line'. The 'accuracy' of the former is because the instructions are given by off-site personnel, so there is a zài error, and it is necessary to establish inventory to make up for the defects, while the latter is the connection between the workshop and the workshop, so there is no error at all, and zero inventory can be achieved.

But it is not that there are no advantages in the material requirements plan, taking shipbuilding engineering as an example, in the layout of steel mills, additional docks, training personnel, etc., the Ministry of Industry adopts an extensive material requirements plan, without the issuance of instructions from the Ministry of Industry, so many shipyards can not be built in a short time, therefore, I build the integration of these two production management systems, and in the specific factory layout and management, should be based on on-time production, and pay attention to the following points:

First, suppliers and logistics must be nearby and convenient, rather than selecting suppliers nationally and globally; Second, industrial equipment is generally or compatible, supplemented by professional tooling, and more specifically, tooling will be purchased more from Europe, rather than the United States; Third, the layout of the production line will be U-shaped, not I-type or L-shaped, which is a layout of countless small water systems that gather large rivers, not a layout of Ford's production line with a river to the end; Fourth, pay attention to the participation of all employees and implement total quality management rather than relying only on quality control personnel. ”

The management model of the factory was personally chosen by Yang Rui, choosing the Japanese style rather than the American style, and the basis of the consideration was in terms of culture, the lifetime employment system is more suitable for the current China, and through more than ten years of practice, it can be determined that this choice is correct. If the U.S.-style MRP is suddenly implemented in Japanese-style management, the MRP can only be used as a supplement to JIT, not a subversion.

After he finished speaking, the rest of the people wanted to applaud again, but Yang Rui refused. Regardless, it is still commendable to be able to make such an ingenious human flesh computer, and he said with a rare smile: "The person who came up with this glass tower should be commended." ”

"It was when a manager of the diesel engine factory worshiped the Buddha and saw the Buddha statues on the stupa layer by layer." Xu Huafeng said with a smile, thinking it was amazing. "This person has already been rewarded. I'm like I'm building a four-story or five-story glass tower right now so that I can put it in the Ministry of Engineering. ”

"Let's bring up a report." Yang Rui had already gone out under the leadership of Wu Yulin and Chen Shishi at this time. "Including the construction of logistics and information systems just mentioned, these must be coordinated with the Ministry of Transportation. In addition, since there are glass towers, the manufacturing resource plan can be designed according to this model. ”

Material needs planning only involves inventory, but its upgraded version of manufacturing resource planning integrates sales, finance, logistics, and human resources. Hearing Yang Rui's request, Xu Huafeng smiled, "Aren't you afraid that the tower will be built too high and collapse?" ”

"You have to give it a try." Yang Rui understood what the manufacturing resource plan meant, which was a comprehensive wartime production plan. Although the government only claims to revitalize agriculture, as China exports more and more advantageous industrial products, the gold supremacists on Wall Street and the sea supremacists like Mahan will eventually unite to be hostile to China.

Not to mention that the United States has been deindustrialized in later generations, Sino-US relations will inevitably be in danger if the Wall Street consortium has obtained huge profits from China's low-cost labor and the Chinese market. But now, if there is fierce competition between Chinese and American goods more than ten years later, and American goods are defeated, then another German-British war will inevitably break out. (To be continued......)