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6 Such a simple answer made Yang Rui a little surprised and passed, although he was very straightforward, but Yang Rui still felt that it was better not to judge this person's political tendency by his personality, but by the social class he was in. This flashed through his mind, and he began to take the previous reports from Chen Guangshou's hand - he only had two hours to discuss the matter of the report with 6 Wan.

The rural issue is the most important issue in China, and there are many small issues that can be subdivided here, such as the total area of cultivated land, output, tax amount, clan, etc., and so on. However, there are only three most important problems, one is the proportion of land owned by landlords and the proportion of tenants, the second is the rate of land rent, and the third is the minimum cultivated area.

In the reports of all provinces, except for Zhili (because of the banner land, there are very few landlords in Zhili), the proportion of land directly occupied by landlords in other provinces is about 3o% on average, higher in some areas, lower in others, but basically fluctuates around 3o%, while tenants (complete tenant farmers) are generally around 28%. Yang Rui was surprised that the landlord occupied so little land, and he had always thought that the landlord owned 7o-8o percent of the land, but this was not the case. Of the 3% or so of the landlords, 3% of their own land is owned, but with less than 2% of the public land, temple land, clan land, official land, school field, etc., the cultivated land that really belongs to the tenants is about 48%.

Yang Rui was surprised by the area of cultivated land, and the tax was even more so, he used to think that the tax was about 5o% - that is, the landlord and the tenant each got half, but the actual situation was not half of what he understood, in the south of the spring wheat does not collect rent, in the north it is not rented, and only the land is rented, other mountains, woodlands, and reservoirs are not within the scope of rent; When paying rent, they only pay about seventy or eighty percent of the quota, and the rest are in arrears, and after a few years, they can't be counted at all. In the end, they had to be relieved, and then they were in arrears, and if the landlord wanted to withdraw the land and plant it himself, then the tenants would either work hard or sue the official, and the magistrate would generally not accept it in line with the idea of sympathy for the poor. or "favor the people" and refuse to give orders to retreat. From this calculation, because there are other incidental parts that do not need to be taxed, the amount of rent paid is only about 4o% of the total output, and because each rent payment is insufficient, the actual land rent rate is only about 3o% of the output per unit area. [Note 1]

The first two questions are understood. The last is the minimum cultivated area, which actually means how many acres of land are needed to feed a person, and the distribution of cultivated land after the founding of the People's Republic of China cannot be per capita, if two acres of land per capita cannot support people, then they can only emigrate, or go to the northeast or northwest. Or to recover the Outer Northeast in the future and go to the Outer Northeast. According to statistics, because most of the land in the north is dry land and is planted in a single season, each person needs at least five acres of land to make a living; In the south, because of double cropping, the minimum cultivated area is three acres for dry land and less than two acres for paddy fields. So the north and south are averaged. The minimum cultivated land per capita can be roughly set at three acres. [Note 2]

Three acres of land per person, 450 million people at the end of the Qing Dynasty, and roughly subtracting 120 million or 20 million people who do not farm, will require more than 1.3 billion mu of cultivated land. It is impossible to verify how much arable land Yang Rui has now, but the rough estimate is about 100 or 1.1 billion, and the gap is at least 200 million. Except, of course, from expanding arable land. It is also possible to increase the yield per mu to solve the problem, and the current grain yield per mu is about 240 catties, if chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and improved varieties are used, then even if the cultivated land does not increase. Livelihood problems can also be solved.

When Yang Rui looked through his previous notes, he couldn't help but go through the things he had summarized earlier, and felt that the pressure on people and land was not particularly great, but these were all things to consider after the founding of the People's Republic of China, and the most important thing now is the revolution.

"You mentioned the BIBS in your report, but because it is not the point, I am here mainly to hear your introduction to the BIBS and ...... And your bazaar theory. Yang Rui's eyes lifted from the notepad, looked at the young face of 6 pulls, and said with a smile.

"The Seedlings Association is not a township group," 6 Wan knew that the association was now paying great attention to the township group, and the investigation was also focusing on this.

"It's just because it's not a township group, so you have to understand." Yang Rui saw that he still couldn't let go, and said: "You just tell everything you know about the Seedlings Club, even if it's wrong, it doesn't matter." ”

The Fuxing Association has always spoken with the number jù, and at the same time the requirements for the number jù are very strict, and all members know very well that there is no right to speak without investigation, and Yang Rui now means to let him go and say, don't care about right or wrong.

"The Seedlings Club is actually used to see the green, every year in July and August when the crops are not ripe, the croppers are afraid that the bad guys will steal, and they begin to see the green, and then they think it is so troublesome, so everyone organizes the Seedlings Club, which... It's been at least a few decades anyway. Most of the Beanstalk Club has a meeting for each village, and there is also a meeting with neighboring villages, and most of the people invited are scoundrels or gangsters in the village, so that they can not only give them food, but also prevent them from stealing food......

Most of the leaders are big families in the village, or people with some prestige; The clubs are all in the Land Temple, or not in the Guandi Temple, and the beginning and end of the meeting have to act to thank God, these things are also important to mention, and then each household shares. In fact, in addition to watching Qing, other things are also done by the Qingmiao Society, especially when there is a township security and a messenger who has no reason to ask for money, he has to come forward with other village affairs to complain to the county order, but these township guards are all done by some related things, and they generally do not mess around......

After the Gengzi New Year, the county government of each county will order that all villages must have a green seedling association, so that it will be easy to apportion. ”

6 When Wan said this, Yang Rui laughed, he just heard that every village has it, and when the big households take the lead, he thought that it was good to collect taxes in this way, but he couldn't think of the Manchu Qing Dynasty using it for apportionment, he asked: "What is the main apportionment?" ”

"Now the main thing is to apportion police funds and school funds, if you want to do any big things, such as wars, mines, road repairs, etc., you will also be apportioned by the seedlings, sometimes it is to pay people, sometimes it is money, not enough."

6 said generally, but Yang Rui felt in his heart that this Qingmiao Association was basically an organization such as the village committee in later generations, and the key was that the root of this organization was the countryside, which would not involve the landlord, or even if it involved the landlord, it was also a small landlord, and the big landlords generally lived in the county seat, and only when collecting taxes did they send the account office to the countryside. If this organization can be infiltrated and controlled, then it will not matter if the Manchu Qing Dynasty is unpopular with the people. The revolution will all go smoothly, but how can we go deeper?

Yang Rui wrote down everything he thought about in his notebook, and then asked another question, in fact, this is also the reason why 6 was brought over, as long as the seedlings will save zài, then they can send someone to investigate, as long as they have time. Then a qiē will understand.

"Tell us about your market theory." Yang Rui said.

"I mainly feel that the county seat is not the center of the countryside," 6 said, "because many people have been to the city several times in their lives, mainly in the villages, in the fields, or in the market." These markets are not opened every day, but every few days, and the people sometimes go to the market even if they count their days. Sometimes they went to the market again, and the grain they grew was bought at the market......"6 As he spoke, he found a blank piece of paper and drew a diagram on it, which was shaped like a beehive, with an idea in the middle of the hexagon, and a formula, and said, "There are dozens of villages next to each market." Every few small bazaars are surrounded by a large bazaar, so that it is like a network centered on the bazaar, enclosing the village in the net, the distance between them is actually related to the traffic, the traffic cost is high, then the network is dense, the bazaar is close, and the traffic cost is low. Then the net will be unblocked......"

"This one looks ...... It seems that "Yang Rui suddenly felt that he had seen this formula somewhere, but he couldn't say it for a while."

"It's a transportation problem in operations research." 6 replied: "The storage of these bazaars is basically related to roads, so it can be analyzed with transportation problems, and generally sixty miles around a bazaar is its radiation range, if it is far away." There will be no return on that day, and food is difficult to transport, and the farther the journey, the lower the price of food. The low price of food also makes life difficult for the people, because they have lived in this bazaar all their lives......"

"So how do you have operations research to analyze the countryside?" I was very curious about this Yang Rui, could it be that he liked mathematics and had nothing to do.

"Sir, I like to fight, didn't the newspapers say that the Russo-Japanese War consumed dozens of times more materials than the original war? I often think of these bazaars as military stations, and then I deduce how far the military can be delivered and how many things a person needs to deliver according to the dirt roads in the countryside. ”

It turned out that he was really a military fan, not studying the countryside, but studying war. Thinking of this, Yang Rui said: "You will live in Shanghai for two days, and after two days, a working group in Shanghai will return to Shandong with you, mainly to inspect the Seedlings Association and the bazaar, and you will also be included in this working group." ”

6 Wan nodded, he didn't know Yang Rui's plan at all, and Yang Rui didn't explain, and then said: "You and your work together, use mathematics to analyze rural problems, help them provide some ideas, if this problem is completed well, then I will recommend you to go to the military academy." ”

6 was overjoyed, but he didn't expect that the military school that he couldn't apply for several times opened the door to himself in this way, and mathematics became his biggest reliance on commanding troops in the future.

Yang Rui was actually very happy when he saw that he was happy -- he was not satisfied with the "regimental training revolution" plan that he had drawn up before, the gentry could win over, but they could not rely on it, and the peasants, the peasants who were serious about farming, could completely rely on it, and he was now thinking about how to use the bazaar as the center to infiltrate the nearby Qingmiaohui sixty miles away. The township group had to apply to the government, and then the gentry came forward to establish it, but the Qingmiao Society had already existed, so could it infiltrate the Qingmiao Society in the name of supporting the peasants, and then organize the tenant farmers and displaced people inside to become a substantive township group?

Yang Rui returned to Wan'anli with this question, and as soon as he entered the door, he saw Wang Jitong inside, and asked curiously, "Why don't you sleep?" ”

"The ship carrying the arms was captured by the anti-smuggling team." Wang Ji had a straight face, he was woken up by this news.

"Ahh Yang Rui also exclaimed, and said again: "How can you be arrested?" How many guns were shipped? ”

"Not far from the rental world, there are officers and soldiers and patrols." Wang Jitong said: "There are not many guns, just the original hundreds of British rifles, at that time I thought that since I needed more guns, it would be better to send these guns out first." Who knows......"

"So the concession also knows?" Yang Rui said.

"I guess, I'm afraid they've been staring at us for a long time...... Now the rumors in various places are very close, and the patrol activities of the government are also very strange, and I don't know what they are going to do. Wang Jitong felt a deep uneasiness, but he didn't know what was going to happen.

Somewhere on the Huangpu River, Mi Zhanyuan stood at the bow of the ship waiting for the British to "inspect the goods", while Major Wingate was checking the rifles in the cabin, "All of them are our guns!" "I really doubt how they could be thousands of miles away in the Far East." These guys must be in Africa! ”

The chief spoke, and Ailes did not dare to interject, since the trial of the public office in December last year, he had beaten up the Chinese officials, but fortunately the Chinese had recognized the wrong person, or he would have been dismissed and rolled back to England - he had only honestly reported the count, "Sir, there are six hundred and thirty-one Enfield rifles here." And thirty thousand bullets. ”

"No!" Major Wingate shook his head, "It's much more than that, at least ten thousand rifles in their hands, or thirty thousand, look at these boxes, look at these boxes." Damn, how did they get here? Major Wingate patted the wooden boxes marked with oVs and said to himself, "The Boers sell them all the rifles they have hidden, and these rifles will make the situation in the Far East worse." ”

Major Gai Went complained, and just waited for the cabin to go, and Mi Zhanyuan outside immediately stepped forward and said, "Lord Gai......"

"Call me Major Gavint." Major Gewent came to the Far East for many years. I still know a thing or two about what Chinese are called.

"Your Excellency." , Mi Zhanyuan didn't understand the strange title of Lord Yang, so he simply called the adult, "Our Wu Shuai hopes that the adults can be accommodating, so that we can enter the concession to arrest the revival association and the party." ”

After hearing the interpreter's words, Major Gavant looked very sorry and said, "I'm really sorry, according to the regulations of the Ministry of Industry. No Qing soldiers were allowed to enter the concession to arrest the prisoners. Mi Zhanyuan thought that after seeing so many rifles, the British would agree to his request, but who expected that it would not work. But at this time, Major Gawin added: "But you can send someone to help us capture it, and Ayrs will take care of this matter." ”

"...... Ailes", Mi Zhanyuan didn't know who it was, but when he saw an Englishman patrolling over, he immediately understood. What do you mean that we can send someone to help? ”

"Yes, but you can only enter the concession in civilian clothes, and you are not allowed to bring guns." Gai Winter said. "And any action you take in the concession must be notified in advance...... Inform Mr. Pulander. ”

Major Gavin finished his words and left, after the last time he was in the Orange Republic's ordnance wooden box. MI5 attaches great importance to this incident, believing that the smuggling of a large number of unidentified guns into the Far East, especially into the British sphere of influence, will bring devastating consequences to the stability of this region, and the British will not allow any instability in the Yangtze River basin.

Lord Yang left, Mi Zhanyuan's next thing could only negotiate with the Yang patrol, and after the explanation was completed, he hurried to the new Dangui Tea Garden, at this time, the play had been sung, and Xia Yueheng had already finished removing his makeup in the background.

"Is there any news over there?" They are all secret agents, and Mi Zhanyuan has nothing to be polite about.

"There's news!" Xia Yueheng is a famous Peking Opera singer in Shanghai, he has a wide range of contacts, if Mi Zhanyuan is a patrol, he is a detective, in that group of gentry, he can get a lot of news that ordinary people don't know.

"Huh?"

"The revival meeting just held a meeting some time ago, and people from 18 provinces across the country have come here." Xia Yueheng's first news shocked Mi Zhanyuan's heart. But as soon as he said that, he stopped.

Mi Zhanyuan watched him deliberately sell Guanzi, and only scolded the drama ruthlessly in his heart, but he had to say: "Wu Shuai said, if this time the arrest of the revival will be a mess of the party, you can be promoted as the capital." ”

Hearing that it was actually Dusi, Xia Yueheng smiled and smiled, and the orchid fingers stood up, and Mi Zhanyuan felt cold for a while, his face seemed to be shining, and said, "Is what you said true?" ”

"Wu Shuai is an official of the imperial court and the governor of Liangjiang, how can he be untrustworthy." Seeing that this drama actually suspected Wu Shuai, Mi Zhanyuan couldn't help but be furious, and he didn't know why Wu Shuai would send such a person to be a secret agent.

"Hehe, I'm just talking. How dare I not believe Wu Shuai's words. Xia Yueheng laughed, and the orchid finger took it back. Now I only have some paperwork from the party here, you can take it and hand it over to Wu Shuai first, and more news will have to wait for a few days. ”

"Wait a few days? How long will we have to wait? ”

"It won't be long, there will be news tomorrow and tomorrow." Xia Yueheng said it safely, the husband of the beautiful young woman he hooked up with was one of the leaders of the Revival Association, if he could come over, then things would be much easier. "However, if the big leader of the Revival Society can come over, what official position can Wu Shuai give him?"

"This ......" Mi Zhanyuan can't be the master, and he can't help but answer when he hears it.

"Anyway, I mean, if only he could come over. At the very least, he will be lifted. "Xia Yueheng said." Brother Mi still persuaded Wu Shuai, if this person can take refuge in him, it will play a great role in detecting the chaos of the revival society. As he spoke, he took out the stack of chaotic party texts that had been prepared, and said, "The chaotic party's plot is not small, if it really succeeds, then it will be ......."

When Xia Yueheng handed the report to Mi Zhanyuan. In a Shikumen house in the Shanghai Concession, Liu Guanghan was rummaging through things, and He Zhen also guessed what he was looking for when he saw him like this, but in fact, what he was looking for had already been given to others by himself.

"What are you looking for?" He Zhen is completely a tiger at home, while Liu Guanghan is not as good as a cat.

"I ......" Seeing his wife ask, Liu Guanghan suddenly stopped. I felt a little apprehensive in my heart.

"Get out without sleeping!" He Zhen yelled, she was very angry when she saw Liu Guanghan's wretched appearance. In the past, the place where he got married coaxed himself to say that he was the big leader of the revolutionary party, but this big boss was too shabby, only seven foreign dollars a month, and he was only four yuan. I can only look at it, I don't dare to ask the price, and I have to be looked down upon, so this is also called a big boss?!

As soon as his wife was angry, Liu Guanghan trembled, he hurriedly ran back to the bed, and when he was about to go to bed, he was kicked down by He Zhen again. "I ask you, when will the revolution be made?"

"This ......" Liu Guanghan didn't dare to get angry when he fell to the ground, but he just got up by himself, and then said: "In the meeting... I didn't say anything about it in the meeting. ”

"Look at it, how many years have you been talking about the revolution, how many years have you been coaxing me, and you still said that you were the big leader of the revolutionary party. But now I live in this shabby place, the house is so small, and I turn around and touch the wall, this is also called a big boss?! As He Zhen spoke, he remembered the grievances he had when he went to the street and was looked down upon by those snobs. I couldn't help but cry.

As soon as He Zhen cried, Liu Guanghan was even more chaotic, he knelt and half-squatted beside He Zhen, "This... This... I..., our revolution is not for pleasure, we are for the sake of millions of people to live a good life, how great is this cause, and how ......"

Seeing that Liu Guanghan was still bent on revolution, He Zhen didn't cry, slapped him in the face, and roared again: "The surname Liu, are you letting the dog eat your brain, which has always rebelled not for the sake of glory and wealth, and the prince of Wandai, I don't believe that Zhang Binglin and Yang Jingcheng are not for their own revolution!" ”

Liu Guanghan was blinded by her slap, but he didn't dare to resist in the slightest under the accumulation of power for many years, only to hear He Zhen say again: "I only talked to you, I gave you all those documents to others." ”

"You!!" Liu Guanghan jumped up in shock, shocked and aggrieved, pointed at He Zhen and stammered: "This... It's going to be inside... The top-secret text jiàn, that is, the concession... You can't take it out, how can you ......"

"Why can't I?" He Zhen didn't look at his pitiful look, and said, "Sue you." These things have been given to the Governor of Liangjiang, Lord Duanfang, and the Lord is very happy, saying that if you can also surrender to the past, then the Lord will definitely reward you with a person, and if you make another meritorious service, then ......."

Before He Zhen finished speaking, Liu Guanghan fell to the ground, as soon as he heard the words "Lord Duanfang, the Governor of Liangjiang", he felt a thunder blow above his head, blowing up his five souls and six spirits, and he didn't hear what He Zhen said later, just kept muttering, "It's over...... Finished...... It's all over ......."

Seeing that what he said for a long time was in vain, He Zhen kicked it over again and scolded: "Is it good for you to be good, didn't you think about winning the lift before, but now Lord Duanfang has said that I can reward you with a lifting ......."

"This Manchu Qing is about to perish, what is the use of this lifting people?" The analysis of the Manchu Qing ** in the meeting was extremely profound, making all members believe that the Manchu Qing was destined to perish, but this was Liu Guanghan's last reliance.

"Humph! It's really unproductive. Now that Emperor Guangxu is out of the mountain, all the people support him, and the world returns to his heart, haven't you gone to the street to listen to what everyone says? They all said that Emperor Guangxu was the Holy Monarch who came into the world, and was pressed by Cixi Lafayette before, and now the hidden dragon is out of the abyss, and my Qing Dynasty is about to reappear. "It's not like Liu Guanghan often writes at home, He Zhen likes to listen to dramas and go shopping when he has nothing to do, she knows the movements outside very clearly, plus Xia Yueheng instilled some ideas in her when she was affectionate, so that she only feels that the revolution has no hope of success, "Now taking advantage of Lord Duanfang's appreciation, we still have to surrender to the past, once the adults have blue eyes, it is not very difficult to find an official and a half-position in the future." ”

"You... You... I ......" Liu Guanghan couldn't imagine that He Zhen would think like this, and he didn't dare to resist if he wanted to.

"Don't you, me, those texts are now in the hands of Lord Duanfang, if you don't vote over, the revival will be able to let you go? We don't know how we're going to die. For now, the best way is to take refuge in the imperial court, so as to protect the integrity of the family. ”

He Zhen understood Liu Guanghan's temperament, and after being tempted, he began to be scared, Liu Guanghan "You, you, me, and me" for a long time, and also knew that the matter had come to this point, and there was no power to return to heaven at all, and there was strict discipline in the meeting, if Wang Jitong knew about this matter, then he would really be punished strictly. He struggled in his head for a long time, and finally his spine loosened and he was relieved.

PS: Note 1: This number is from "A New Theory of Tenant Relations: Landlords, Peasants and Land Rent"

Note 2: This number is derived from the "Social and Economic Research on Rural North China in the Twentieth Century"