Chapter 316: True Impact
Guo Bingxun believes that this operation, from its formulation to implementation, is definitely a classic operation that can be included in the textbooks of the world's major military academies. Although there were certain flaws in the closing stage due to excessive casualties, it did not affect the perfect performance of the entire campaign.
Although Guo Bingxun did not understand why Yang Zhen did not take the opportunity to seize the mountainous area of eastern Liaodong, in order to obtain a starting point for an offensive in the future recovery of the Liaohe Plain region, as well as to capture the commanding heights of the entire Fengtian deep region. There was also no complete paralysis of the strategic industries of Fushun and Mukden. In particular, the iron and steel industries of Anshan and Benxi, which Japan maintained its long-term war potential, were completely destroyed.
But this battle can still be called perfect for Guo Bingxun. In the whole battle, only when the Japanese counterattack around Mukden was encountered during the operation, the casualties and losses were relatively large. And in the early days of the campaign, the casualties were almost negligible.
There is no way, you go deep into the core of the Kwantung Army's rule in the Northeast over the years, even before the 918 Incident, it is also the place with the deepest penetration, and now it is still the rear of the Kwantung Army fighting in Siping. No matter how slow the Kwantung Army is, it will not remain unaware for a long time. What's more, this was not the previous infiltration of small troops, but a large number of troops forcibly breaking into the core area of South Manchuria.
With the usual response capability of the Japanese army, although it encountered a large area of radio interference. But both the speed and strength of its counterattack are quite fierce. The two armies fought fiercely for more than 10 days on the front lines of Hushitai, Masanjiazi, Fu'anbao, and Chaihebao on the outskirts of Mukden, and it was impossible not to suffer a considerable number of casualties.
And not only the speed of the surrounding Japanese army's counterattack was extremely fast, but there were also a large number of Japanese troops among the targets of this operation. As the current base camp of the Kwantung Army, there is also a wing of the Japanese army, Fushun and Liaoyang also have Japanese brigade-level garrisons, as well as a large number of puppet Manchurian military police. Anshan, which has the smallest garrison force, also has a reinforced squadron of the Japanese army.
At various stations along the Fenghai line, there were also a large number of Japanese railway garrisons. Although there was a large amount of air support, after all, it was a lone army that went deep behind enemy lines for more than ten days. Under such circumstances, it is good that so much equipment, hundreds of thousands of skilled workers and laborers are snatched and transferred, and the troops are not completely disabled.
Of course, Lee Myung-bak was able to organize such a large-scale retreat within 10 days under the very severe situation of the surrounding enemy, and Lee Myung-bak also took quite necessary measures. In addition, several stations in Fengtian, Fushun, Benxi, and Liaoyang, because of the impact of the war, accumulated a large number of trains, which also increased the means of retreat.
When organizing the retreat, in order to speed up the retreat, almost all the squeezed trains at the stations along the way were mobilized and requisitioned by Lee Myung-bak. In particular, the two Asiatic trains, which are the world's most advanced steam locomotives, played an important role.
These two trains are extremely fast and luxuriously arranged, and they are generally used as special trains for high-ranking figures of the Kwantung Army. It was used by Lee Myung-bak as an ordinary train, and a large number of people who needed to evacuate were crammed into the car. Unlike other trains, once they withdraw into North Manchuria, they do not go south.
The two trains took advantage of their high speed to travel back and forth between the base area and the enemy-occupied area many times during the retreat, and a large number of intellectuals and technicians were evacuated. A large amount of fragile medical equipment, as well as some important precision research equipment, was also evacuated through these two trains.
Although the operation paid a relatively heavy price, it solved the problem of a considerable shortage of skilled workers in the base area. It also completely paralyzed most of the industries in South Manchuria, and to a large extent weakened the potential of the Japanese army to maintain operations from a strategic aspect.
Moreover, except for the Luda area, the north of Tieling of the Zhongchang Railway, and the Bac Ninh Railway, the entire Nanmanchu subway road has basically been empty after this operation. A large number of buses and trains that had been backlogged in Mukden because of the battle were brought back to North Manchuria.
Lee Myung-bak did quite thoroughly, not to mention the passenger wagons needed for the retreat, that is, all the locomotives and carriages in the maintenance plant of the Manchurian Railway in his target area were hung on wagons as long as they could run. If you can't run, you can disassemble as many accessories as you can. Even the railroad tracks in some areas were dismantled by him.
Fengtian Station, Fengtian North Station, and the largest marshalling station in the entire Northeast, all the tracks in Sujiatun Station, where the station line density is as high as 98 shares, have been completely dismantled by him. In these largest stations in the Tohoku region, all mechanized marshalling, signaling and other equipment that can be dismantled have been removed.
The railway transportation around Mukden was basically paralyzed by the lack of trains. In addition, when Lee Myung-bak was retreating, he blew up several major railway stations in Mukden, along with the dispatching stations, water towers, coal filling stations, and even platforms and other ancillary facilities of Fushun, Anshan, and Liaoyang.
The more than 100,000 tons of steel rails stored in Sujiatun by the Manchurian Railway have also been rushed back. A large number of sleepers were also poured with kerosene and burned all of them in one fire. Without raw materials, the Japanese wanted to repair the South Manchurian railway system, and there was little they could do but mobilize new steel rails from within the country.
At present, the Japanese army relied most on the railway transportation connecting the front and the rear in the war, and all of them had been interrupted. After this operation, the Mukden railway system, which is the hub of the South Manchurian Railway, was completely paralyzed. Without two or three years of hard work, it is difficult to fully recover.
In particular, Sujiatun Station, which connects Fenghai, the Middle East, Anbong, and Bac Ninh, has become the largest railway marshalling station in the entire Northeast and even East Asia, and has been completely destroyed, making it impossible for the Kwantung Army to use the railway to carry out any military movements and transportation of materials.
Although the sleepers and roadbed were there, those key equipment and facilities were dismantled and blown up, which basically paralyzed the entire South Manchurian railway system. This will undoubtedly have a fatal impact on all the strategic actions of the Kwantung Army. The strategic supply of the Japanese army has always been based on the railway, and without the support of the railway, the action against the Kwantung Army is really the bottom of the kettle.
However, this operation does not count the casualty figures in the later period, and the biggest flaw is that Lee Myung-bak was a little too hasty in identifying targets when he was doing it. What should be brought back, what should not be brought back, all are returned. Even Fengtian and Fushun, the restaurants in Anshan City, and the bathhouses were all brought back.
There are also a considerable number of people, mainly Chinese educators from higher education institutions in Mukden City, technicians from major factories and workers in serious jobs. A considerable number of them took the kidnapping of entire families and kidnapped them back, and it can even be said that they took the list provided by the intelligence department to arrest people according to the map. This undoubtedly has a bad impact and requires a lot of explanation after the fact.
No matter how much trouble this operation has brought to the local government and how many bad follow-up effects it has caused. The campaign undermined the Japanese army's industrial production capacity in South Manchuria and had a fatal impact on its continued war potential. and the destruction of the entire South Manchurian railway system, paralyzing its entire logistical supply, but these two points alone are enough to be proud of.
Without the production capacity of the Mukden Arsenal that could provide almost all the ammunition consumed by the entire Japanese army invading China, the Japanese will suffer the most fatal blow to their ability to sustain operations. The loss of Fushun's artificial oil and special steel, as well as the steel of Anshan and Benxi, had a greater impact on the entire Japanese strategic system.
The loss of millions of tons of steel production per year in Anshan and Benxi was already very limited for heavy industry, and steel output was already the lowest among several industrial powers, and the impact of this loss was even far greater than the loss of the Mukden Arsenal and the aircraft factory.
Without steel, the Japanese would not have been able to build warships, heavy artillery and tanks. The entire strategic system has been hit even harder. The shortage of more than 1 million tons of steel and more than 1 million tons of pig iron had a greater impact on the Japanese army than the destruction of 100 arsenals.
Although this steel production accounts for only one-seventh of Japan's entire steel production. However, the decline in wrought iron production is a considerable blow to Japan's steel industry. Without the pig iron provided by Tohoku, the Japanese would have to reduce their steel production by at least one-seventh.
What's more, the loss of this million tons of steel is already the limit of production capacity for the Japanese, and the impact is just as fatal. The Anshan Showa Steel Plant and the Anshan Steel Plant alone produce more than 800,000 tons of steel, 1.3 million tons of pig iron, and more than 400,000 tons of steel a year.
In addition to meeting the needs of large and small factories set up by Japan in Tohoku and military production, most of these steels were shipped to Japan and became an important supplement to Japan's steel. With a production capacity of several hundred thousand tons and more than one million tons, the Showa Steel Works in Anshan is the second largest steel plant among all the steel mills owned by the Japanese after Yawata Steel Works.
Coupled with the annual output of more than 200,000 tons at the Benxihu and Miyahara steel plants, steel from northeastern China was crucial to Japan's ability to sustain the war effort. Although most of the steel produced by these steel mills is raw steel such as crude steel and pig iron, the amount of steel is only four or five hundred thousand tons. But whether there is such a million tons of steel production also involves Japan's ability to sustain the war.
Not to mention the Fushun man-made oil factory, which is one of only two Japanese factories to refine oil from oil shale and coal. The destruction of these two factories was undoubtedly a major blow to the Japanese oil security system. Don't look at the fact that the Japanese have now occupied oil-rich Southeast Asia, but Guo Bingxun never thought that the Japanese could really effectively use all the oil production in Southeast Asia.
The United States and Britain know very well what Japan's real weaknesses are. Whether it is the oil fields of Burma or the oil fields of the Dutch East Indies, they have been completely blown up as early as when they were abandoned. Even if the Japanese were able to repair it, how much of the oil would be able to be shipped back to China under the threat of the Americans, who also had a strong navy and air force?
Unless the Japanese completely conquered Australia, the American long-range bombers taking off from Australia would be enough to threaten the Japanese oil factories and oil fields in the Dutch East Indies. And with the technical capabilities of the Japanese, it is also questionable how much oil production can be restored.
The establishment of these two man-made oil plants in Fushun by the Japanese is the only attempt by the Japanese to liquefy the abundant coal resources in Northeast China, especially the high-quality coal in Fushun, to partially replace petroleum products. Now there is basically nothing left of these two factories, all the equipment and technicians have been moved to Beiman, and even the factory buildings have been completely blown up.
In addition to starting all over again, in the face of the situation that decades of hard work have been ruined, I am afraid that they will try their best to repair them, and the Japanese do not have the ability to restore the production of these factories. What's more, most of the equipment there cannot be made by the Japanese themselves, and almost all of them are made in the United States, Britain and Germany. In the current situation, the Japanese have no place to import equipment.