"Gu intends to restore the pre-Qin military merit conferral system."

When the Warring States was vying for power, Wei was the first to change the law, and took the lead in proposing that "food is hard and meritorious", and no longer took "proximity" and "merit" as the standard of reward, which actually had the nature of a military merit system.

Later, Wu Qi changed the law in Chu, "making the third generation of the descendants of the feudal monarch accept the knighthood, and absolutely reduce the rank of the hundred officials", and then use the reduced Juelu to "select and train the people", which also has the characteristics of the military merit system.

The Qin was the country that implemented the military merit system most thoroughly, and Qin's military merit system was the most typical, and it also had the greatest impact on the time and later generations.

Qin's military merit system mainly consisted of two contents:

First, "those who have military merits will be knighted at their own rate."

This means that all those who have made military merits, regardless of their origin, class and class, can enjoy the knighthood; Military merit is the most necessary condition for receiving the reward of knighthood.

Second, "unless the clan has military merits, it must not be a subordinate membership."

This is the abolition of the hereditary privileges enjoyed by the nobility of the clan, who can no longer obtain high-ranking officials and titles and fiefdoms based on blood relations alone, that is, "affiliation", as in the past.

This provision caused the characteristics of the times during the Warring States Period that "the prime minister must start from the state department, and the fierce general must be sent to the army"; Under the new historical conditions, the system of military merit has shown great vitality.

Under the impetus of the reform movement, Zhao, Yan, Han, Qi and other countries also implemented a new system of appointing officials; As:

King Zhao Xiaocheng, in accordance with the laws and regulations of the Zhao Xiangzi era of "the dignity of the meritorious person", ordered the Han Shangdang to guard Feng Ting and others who surrendered to Zhao, "with ten thousand households are three seals, and thousands of households are three county orders, all of them are marquis, and the officials and the people are all Yijue three levels, and the officials and the people can be at peace, and they are all given six golds."

In the Yan Kingdom, the implementation of "Gongzi is not meritorious and improper"; After Le Yi broke Qi and made meritorious contributions, "King Dayue of Yan Zhao, personally went to the labor army in Jishang, rewarded the soldiers, sealed Le Yi in Changguo, and called Changguo Jun"; And distinguish the difference between the merits of the upper merit, the middle merit, the lower merit, and the reactive power.

In South Korea, Shin Buxian created a set of official appointment system of "merit and merit, according to the rank", stipulating that "merit should be rewarded, and officials should be awarded for ability".

In the country of Qi, King Qi Wei also selected the virtuous and capable, awarded officials for meritorious service, rewarded the Jimo doctor with outstanding efficacy, and cooked and killed the famous doctor; The new system implemented by Zhao, Yan, Han, and Qi is a different form of the new military merit system.

Subsequently, the national strength of various countries gradually rose, and they were able to compete with Qiang Qin for several generations, and the military merit system was indispensable.

The new system of military merit is based on the state grant of land and private ownership of land, which is different from the old system of land allocation.

The old system rewarded those who served in the military in the form of a "share of land"; The new system rewarded those who served in the military in the form of "knights".

Therefore, the "juelu" system has incomparable superiority over the "land share" system, and it can arouse the tremendous greed of the vast number of officers and men for the material interests of juelu, farmland, tax estates, and subordinate ministers, and thus play a role in enhancing the combat effectiveness of the army.

As a matter of fact, due to the implementation of the military merit system, the nations have also received the effect of enriching countries and strengthening their armies to varying degrees.

Wei was the first to implement the military merit system, so at the beginning of the Warring States period, Wei was dominant by force for a while; After the state of Chu changed the law from Wu and implemented the military merit system, within a few years, it was "a hundred Yue in the south, Chen and Cai in the north, but three Jins, and Qin in the west", and the country was in great power.

Qin's military merit system is the most complete and reasonable, so Qin's army has the strongest combat effectiveness.

According to the "Xunzi Parliamentary Chapter", the skilled fighters of the Qi State risked their lives to fight, and the bounty was only eight taels, and there was no reward, and they had the nature of mercenaries, so their combat effectiveness was limited.

The military soldiers of the Wei State "reinstated their households and benefited their fields and houses" in the middle of the test, and enjoyed the preferential treatment of tax exemption and exemption from forced labor, once the body was exhausted, the preferential treatment conditions did not change, so not only was it not easy to renew the army, but also the preferential treatment of many soldiers would cause the treasury to be empty.

If the soldiers who receive preferential treatment die in battle, their own interests will be affected, so their combat effectiveness is not strong, and they are "soldiers who are in danger of the country".

Only the soldiers of the Qin State have meritorious service to reward the title, but also benefit the field house, the concubine, can become the military meritorious landlord, if you continue to make meritorious contributions, you can also continue to be rewarded, until you get the high-ranking officials, so you can "the strongest for a long time", "the fourth world has a victory".

The military merit system is also fundamentally different from the old "knighthood" system; In Mencius: Wan Zhangxia, the "Ban Jue Lu" system of the Zhou Dynasty was divided into two levels: the class of the Son of Heaven was "Gong, Hou, Uncle, Son, and Male", and the class of the princes was "Qing, Doctor, Sergeant, Sergeant, and Corporal".

Although when the princes and princes had meritorious service, the Son of Heaven and the princes also had the form of rewards such as "division of duties, conferring government, and appointing merits" for meritorious deeds, but in this kind of jue system, the principle of "respecting relatives and respecting relatives" has always been implemented.

This makes it impossible for military merit to be completely unified with Juelu, and the scope of the military merit class is also very limited, only among a few slave owners and nobles, and at the same time, there is a hereditary inheritance of the knighthood given.

In other words, this kind of Caiyi Juelu obtained for military or meritorious service is still ultimately manifested as the "Shiqing Shilu" system of the Qing Doctor.

However, in the new military merit system, the principle of "respecting relatives and relatives" has been replaced by the principle of "not being close to each other, and not being distinguished from the noble."

When entering the amount of merit, we insist on "merit" as the main criterion, which is "to reward merit and do it, and to award officials because of ability".

Under the new military merit system, even if he is as expensive as Chang'an Jun of Zhao State, "the son of the master, the relatives of flesh and blood", he must make new contributions; "You still can't rely on the respect of no merit, no hard work, and keep the weight of gold and jade."

Due to the fact that military merit rejects blood patriarchal relations in principle, the scope of rewards has been greatly expanded compared to before, and is no longer limited to a small number of slave owners and nobles.

The rank of the military merit system has also been expanded from the original small number of grades such as "secretary, doctor, and scholar" to more than 20 levels from "public servant, Shangzao" to "Guannei Marquis" and "Che Marquis".

If the Juelu system before the Spring and Autumn Period was an aristocratic system, then the military merit system during the Warring States Period provided convenient conditions for the common people to enter the ranks.

"On Salt and Iron: Dangerous Solid" said: "The people of Shu have a lord, not the prosperity of Shengping, and the cover has been since the beginning of the Warring States period." It shows the fundamental difference between the Juelu system in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

The new military meritorious lords have created a number of new bureaucrats and a group of military meritorious landlords who will not be passed on to their descendants, so it is not only an important part of the new feudal military system, but also an integral part of the new feudal bureaucratic system.

It is precisely for this reason that most of the famous generals and ministers who were active in the political arena during the Warring States period were no longer born from the old aristocracy, but from the lowly ones.

For example, the famous military strategist Sun Bin is a prisoner, and Wu Qi is a Youshi; The famous generals Bai Qi and Wang Jian are civilians, and Zhao Hao is a Tianbu official; The name of Lin Xiangru is a eunuch, and Li Si is a county official; Others, such as Su Qin, Zhang Yi, Chen Zhen, Fan Ju, Cai Ze, etc., were either contemptible or poor, thus opening the "cloth and cloth generals" after the Qin and Han dynasties; Objectively, this also played a catalytic role in the collapse of the old "Shiqing Shilu" system and the patriarchal system.

Now, the continuation of the two Han Dynasty for hundreds of years, the military merit system was gradually abandoned after the early Han Dynasty, and was replaced by the scholar class, which was not much different from the old aristocratic system hundreds of years ago.

In the Wei State, the "Nine Grades Zhongzheng System", a system for the continuation of the power of the gate lord clan, was born; During the Han Dynasty and the Han Dynasty, by the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, it had actually been manipulated and used by the gate lord clan, and they influenced the public opinion of the township at that time, so that the Hanmen had no way to rise.

Later, Emperor Cao Pi of Wei adopted the advice of Wei Shangshu Ling Chen Qun and began the Jiupin Zhongzheng system, and later all participants basically followed this unwritten rule.

The Jiupin Zhongzheng system generally refers to the election of one person by each state and county, and the elected Dazhongzheng must be an official in the central government and has a high moral reputation.

The big middle is positive and then the small middle is positive; Zhongzheng is the official title of the evaluation talent; After the large and small middle schools are produced, a kind of talent survey form is distributed by the middle school, in which the talents are divided into nine grades, upper, upper, upper, middle, lower, lower, lower

This table is registered by the local large and small people in the middle of the country with their own knowledge, whether they are in exile or not, and the list details the annual records, respectively, and adds comments.

After reviewing and submitting the form to the Ministry of Officials, the Ministry of Officials will carry out the promotion and dismissal of officials.

This system gave an objective criterion for the selection of officials at that time, which was actually still based on local public opinion and public opinion, and retained the will of the Han Dynasty's township election.

On the one hand, the implementation of the Jiupin Zhongzheng system mainly solved the tension between the state and the gate valve and the local family, and contributed to the Wei and Jin dynasties to achieve the unification of the whole country and laid a solid foundation.

It also promotes the unity of interests of all parties, and the Sima family can replace the Cao family, and this nine-product method is indispensable.

At this time, Shu has not yet been completely controlled by the Shi clan, but there is also this hidden worry, Jiang Wei was forced by the Jinguancheng sergeant clan to dare not return to Jinguan City, and can only be in the front line Tuntian.

Of course, Yang Yi would not use this nine-rank official method to win over the scholars, otherwise, it would only make the scholars completely fall to the situation of being swallowed by the Wei State; At this time, it was not the time for the birth of the imperial examination system, after all, knowledge had not sunk to the people.

At this time, the literate person can be said to be one in a hundred, unless the way of knowledge transmission sinks, if the literate person has a tenfold increase, it is the time for the birth of the imperial examination system.

Yang Yi naturally knew about the disadvantages of the imperial examination system, so she was ready to implement the military merit awarding system of the pre-Qin dynasty in the army, and the two systems of one literature and one military force were parallel.

Left and right were speechless, at this time Li Huan got up and bowed down and said: "The minister doesn't understand military affairs, but the people make it profitable, and driving it away is naturally far better than making it coercive and coercing. ”

Yang Yi pondered for a moment before he said: "Now that the world is changing, the system of the pre-Qin cannot be completely followed, each of the five doctors will give ten acres of land before the five doctors, and each one will increase the land by 100 acres after the five doctors; The Duke of Duke is awarded with one year of military age, and only those who have a knight can be an officer, and the rest of the lords are still promoted in the same way as the Qin system.

The title should be different in clothing, and there should be a difference in military use in peacetime. Titles may be given in lieu of punishment. ”

"My lord, this is a system of formal etiquette, in order to divide the humble, and the last general thinks that if it is carried out in this way, the morale of the army will definitely rise." Wei Qiu's eyes lit up at this time, and he agreed, once this military merit title is implemented, it will be a great thing for capable officers, and his status will also be greatly improved.

At this time, Li Huan sighed slightly, he knew that once it was implemented, the separation of military and political affairs, he would be able to be the prime minister, but he would not have the power of the past, but he still said: "If there is a soldier in the family, such a family of five will have twenty acres of land, which can be called rich and self-sufficient." ”

"My family has twenty acres of land, but it is relatively rich, and it should be enough for the soldiers to use their lives." At this time, Ma Ting thought about it, nodded as well, and said.

"If you are a hairpin, you should be exempted from servitude! If there is no official, he will be the captain.

If it is a meritorious doctor, he will be the chief of the fire, and if his relatives are guilty, he can be reduced by one degree, and he will be given a cow or a horse at home with grace. ”

According to the military merit system, it is actually difficult to rise, after all, it is possible to decapitate an enemy, and in the era of cold weapons, everyone's equipment is mostly the same, and if you want to kill a person, it is difficult for a warrior to do it.

Li Huan thought for a moment and then said: "Your Highness's words are very good, but this acre can still be divided, but plowing cattle and horses is not easy to come by......"

"Well, the lord of the doctor, he has been beheaded at least three levels in meritorious service and won five battles, how can such a brave person not be rewarded? How to get the cattle and horses depends on the ability of the civil affairs officer. Yang Yi said: "No matter the cattle and horses, they want to build a ranch to raise them." ”

As he spoke, seeing that Li Huan still had something to say, he waved his hand: "Lone knows that in the future, no matter which aspect, there will be fraud, but as long as this government lasts for twenty years, it will be fine." ”

All the ministers were silent at this time, carefully considering the pros and cons, some were happy to praise it, and naturally there were also opposition, but at this time, there were still few people under Yang Yi, and the division of interests had not been completed, even if it was opposed, it was not serious.

After a little discussion, I personally put forward your opinions, basically, this military system is basically completed, all aspects are relatively satisfied, and everyone is smiling.

However, this atmosphere did not last long, only for a moment, as the herald came in, a piece of news interrupted the atmosphere, not only made Wei Qiu and other generals who had been smiling all the time look serious, but even Li Huan and other ministers also had a gloomy face.

The source of all this is the news that comes and the people in front of you.

Yang Yi was also very angry at this time, "snapped" the table, and pulled out his sword, and the few people sitting on the side were all shocked at this time.

"Just a thief, Lone gives kindness, and he dares to tear Lone's letter and cut off his ears to humiliate him?" Speaking of which, the cold air is cold, and the killing intent is in the bones.

"Your Highness, the last general will ask for battle, raise a battalion, clear it, if you don't win, you are willing to apologize!"

At this time, Wei Qiu immediately got up and said angrily, Zhang Muzhi took a step slower, but he also got up and said roughly the same thing.

But Ning Yi was sitting and did not speak, now he is a battalion of soldiers, a battalion of auxiliary troops, Zhang Muzhi and Ning Yi are captains, each in charge of a battalion, and Wei Qiu is a military candidate, but he is also in charge of a battalion, if this defeats it, it will naturally be justified.