Chapter 683: Satellites
Since mankind acquired the ability to launch objects into Earth orbit, it has launched more than 10,000 artificial satellites.
That's right, the Earth's orbit is already very, very "crowded", but this "crowding" is still different from the "crowding" on the third ring road of the capital, if you can stand on a certain satellite, then you will not see any man-made objects in the range of your eyes, but for artificial satellites, it is already "crowded".
A large number of these satellites are now in an abandoned state, and some countries have launched satellites that are either scrapped in the first place (mainly India).
India has set a world record by launching 104 satellites in one fell swoop, but this is not really a powerful technology, even if the number of satellites reaches 104, most of them are in one orbit, and the total payload weight is 1.5 tons.
Although it has set a world record for the number of satellites launched in a single satellite, it is not difficult for these satellites to enter orbit, and one rocket is enough.
India's most advanced rocket (LV) currently has an ultimate low-earth orbit payload of about 3.5 tons, which is lower than that of the Long March 4 (about 4 tons), a large difference between the Long March 3 and the Long March 3 (611 tons for different models), and the Long March 2 (9 tons) and 7 (14 tons), and the Long March 5 (25 tons) is a joke.
The Indian rocket has an interesting name, in addition to LV, there is also GSLV (Geostationary Orbit Launch Rocket), but the latter is currently trying to catch up with the level of the Long March 3.
The LV success rate is quite high, more than 90, which is considered a good rocket; But GSLV's success rate is 5 shots and 3 defeats, failing.
The orbits of the 104 satellites launched by LV are not complicated, and the rocket level is average, for these more than 100 payloads, the most attractive thing is the low price, and for this rocket, it is just to send them to a predetermined orbit and scatter them, which is completely different from the kind of designed satellites that are sent into different orbits.
Most of these 104 satellites are actually space junk, and it can almost be said that they have no effect at all.
The technology of launching real satellites into orbit is much more complicated, and the technology of one arrow, two satellites, one arrow, and three satellites mastered by China, the United States, the European Union, and Russia is much more complicated than the rocket launching 104 satellites into orbit.
In fact, the main purpose of India's space launch this time is to complete the launch mission of India's new generation of earth observation satellite Cartosat2D, which weighs only more than 700 kilograms, so the rocket has space to give a ride to many other satellites that have no money to launch independently.
The Earth observation satellite Cartosat2D is the fifth of India's planned fleet of six sun-synchronous Earth observation satellites, which can achieve an Earth resolution of 0.6 meters.
Although India's earth observation project is worse than China's high-score series, it is really more than enough!
At present, there are few countries in the world that have their own satellite navigation systems (India has a regional navigation system, second only to the United States, China, Russia and Europe) and the earth observation satellite system of all kinds of orbital launch rockets in the deep space detection capabilities.
After excluding the United States, China, Russia, and the European Union, that is, Xinguo and Dongying (these two countries do not have independent navigation systems), only India can keep up, and in some respects, India can also compete for the top five seats in the world.
Of course, the rapid development of India's space industry is also related to the international situation, since the United States completely banned the international cooperation of commercial rocket launches of China, Russia and Chen in the Wolf Act a few years ago (any satellite with American parts is not allowed to be launched by these three countries, but at that time almost all satellites had parts from the United States), the market share of China, Russia and Chen in the world space launch market was instantly squeezed out.
This is the opportunity for completely unpopular rockets such as Indian rockets to enter the market, but it has also allowed the Falcon rocket of SpaceX in the United States to almost monopolize the mainstream launch market.
However, this bill is actually a wake-up call to several countries, for the sake of the market of their own enterprises, the United States can introduce this kind of ban, if it really comes to a-for-tat period, the United States like the Cold War, form a business alliance, and then ban the export of some high-tech is also very likely.
This is not the first time since the new century, the last time the United States took action, directly let several well-developed mobile phone companies in China almost all go bankrupt, and it was also from that time that China began to deliberately support its own high-tech enterprises as a replacement.
When the stars rise, it is also a good time, with the support of the country and the SCO member states, the development is smooth, and almost no company gets better treatment than the starry sky.
Even U.S. companies with the same technological capabilities will not receive such support.
Therefore, the starry sky is also very interested in supporting domestic enterprises to form an industrial chain around the starry sky, at least in the fields of microelectronic LCD screen energy, in just a few years, it has developed no weaker than the NATO member states led by the United States.
Now it is to carry out the space elevator project that the United States is absolutely impossible to keep up with, the total investment of the project is expected to exceed 10 trillion, from infrastructure to materials, microelectronics, energy and other fields, once the project is completed, the next is the space dock, the lunar ecosystem and so on follow-up projects.
And the United States can't keep up with the first step, so it can only lag behind step by step, so now India has received a lot of orders for satellite launches, like this kind of net at once, it is likely that 104 will be thrown at once.
Since I can't catch up for the time being, I will slow down your progress, and when everyone hasn't taken this step, I can drag you for as long as I can, but I can't do it myself, so let's find a substitute for the dead ghost first.
In the orbit of the earth, in a short period of time, there are more space junk similar to this, and more of them are the products of previous decades, and there are actually many satellites that have reached the end of their life deadline.
If it is divided into satellite types according to the orbit.
There are low-orbit satellites, medium-orbit satellites, high-orbit satellites, geosynchronous orbit satellites, geostationary orbit satellites, sun-synchronous orbit satellites, large elliptical orbit satellites and polar orbit satellites; According to the use, it is divided into scientific satellites, application satellites and technical test satellites.
There are usually three types of orbits for artificial satellites (in addition to low-Earth orbit): geosynchronous orbit, sun-synchronous orbit, and polar-orbital orbit.
A geosynchronous orbit is a prograde orbit with the same period as the Earth's rotation; But there is a very special kind of orbit called the geostationary orbit, which has an inclination of zero, 35,786 kilometers above the Earth's equator.
From the point of view of people on the ground, the satellites operating in this orbit are stationary, and it is more advantageous for general communication satellites, broadcasting satellites, and meteorological satellites to choose this kind of orbit, and there are countless geosynchronous orbits, while there is only one geostationary orbit.
A sun-synchronous orbit is an orbit that orbits around the Earth's axis of rotation in the same direction as the Earth's revolution, and whose angular velocity of rotation is equal to the average angular velocity of the Earth's revolution (360 degree years), and its altitude from the Earth does not exceed 6,000 kilometers.
Satellites orbiting in this orbit pass the same latitude in the same direction with the same local time, and are generally used by meteorological satellites and earth resources satellites.
The polar orbit is an orbit with an inclination angle of 90 degrees, and the satellites operating in this orbit must pass over the earth's poles every circle, and can overlook the entire earth's surface.
The maximum operating speed of the artificial earth satellite is 7.9 kms in the first universe, and the operating speed is less than 7.9 kms when it is not in near-earth motion, and if the flight speed exceeds 11.2 kilometers per second, it is the "escape speed" of the aircraft out of the earth's gravity.
About half a century ago, a satellite was launched, which was a 72-sided body with a diameter of 1 meter, and the orbital parameters at the time of launch were about 2,400 kilometers at apogee and 440 kilometers at perigee.
From the orbital traces of this satellite, it can be seen that this satellite can operate in orbit for a long, long time.
If we quantify the time, we can analyze that the orbital altitude of this satellite to today is about 430 kilometers at the perigee and about 2100 kilometers at the apogee, and the perigee has only dropped by a maximum of 10 kilometers in the past 50 years, so it will take more than 500 years to complete the natural descent of the 100 kilometers of orbit.
After 500 years, the satellite will be able to operate in an orbit of more than 300 kilometers, and if it wants to fall into the atmosphere, the altitude must be at least less than 200 kilometers, and the lowest is better, so that it will rub against the Earth's upper atmosphere and further accelerate the decline.
From these data, it can be analyzed that it will take more than 1,500 to 2,000 years for the satellite to fall into the atmosphere naturally.
Although the satellite has no fuel, its speed is more than 7.9 kilometers per second, which is enough to orbit the Earth.
And the current state of this fifty-year-old satellite is called space junk, which is a problem for all satellites, either raising its orbit into grave orbit or falling into the atmosphere in a controlled manner.
Of course, it is okay to stay in orbit, and the passing spacecraft must be abandoned, because it has lost control, otherwise there may be an accident of spacecraft collision.
There are many such satellites in orbit, most of them do not need fuel to operate, and as long as the launch speed is greater than 7.9 kilometers per second in the earth orbit, it can become an earth satellite, and this speed is also the maximum orbital speed.
Because it is located at an altitude of more than 400 kilometers, although it has gone out of control, there are still particles in the upper atmosphere that hinder its movement, and the altitude will continue to fall, and after thousands of years, it will fall into the atmosphere and burn up.
This is the early hazard of the space elevator project, not to mention the current material technology, even if Yang Yi took out the material technology after a thousand years, he was hit by a solid sphere of one meter in size at this speed, and he may not be able to resist the impact of this speed.
One of the difficulties in the construction of the space elevator project is the countless space junk, of course, if the latest laser interception device is used, it is natural to be able to destroy this space junk one by one.
However, in order not to have an impact, the SCO first issued a provisional version of the Space Act, declaring that the area where the space elevator is located, that is, over Sulawesi, is a no-fly territory, and asking countries and companies to comply with the requirements, and to stay away from satellites in their respective fields, otherwise they will take measures to protect their sovereignty.
Naturally, this is very hegemonic, and the SCO member states occupy nearly half of the military power and more than half of the economic power in the world, so they are naturally qualified to make such a hegemonic voice.
And Yang Yi is here to carry out the operation, the current space defense system is actually a bluffing thing, the real operation is extremely complicated, and it requires a lot of computing and extraordinary reactions to intercept or aim successfully.
And now Yang Yi is actually the only one who is qualified and capable of operating, and without exposing Venus, Yang Yi can only operate in a limited number of locations.
One is the Star Communication switchboard in Sulawesi, and the other is the Star Data Center headquarters in Shanghai.
Therefore, Yang Yi deliberately got close to these two areas to ensure that he could operate as soon as possible, and to ensure that most areas would not fall into a nuclear winter when war came.
After the retreat from Southeast Asia, the defensive positions of the NATO member states have actually gotten out of control, at least abandoning a certain range.
The U.S.-led NATO's defense bases were previously deployed along the Ring of Asia, and the main defensive directions were China and Russia, two powerful enemies with large nuclear arsenals.
Dongying's base actually has limited defense capabilities, so the United States has planted troops in Luzon Borneo and other places, but after the comprehensive rise of China, Southeast Asia can no longer become a hidden danger, but after a few secret fights, NATO will withdraw very interestingly.
This is actually giving up Australia and other countries, as well as India, and the United States can share the pressure on India in Southeast Asia, but if the United States is gone, China can free up its forces to exert influence in Kashmir, West Asia and other regions.
How can India bear it, even the little Sikkim has never swallowed, not to mention that there are still a large number of countries in this region that have disputes with India.
Not to mention Central and Western Asia, why the United States has not withdrawn its troops from Afghanistan for so many years despite suffering losses, and has to struggle in this quagmire.
Missile bases can be directly deployed here to target most parts of China, directly threatening the security of most parts of China.
Just like during the Cold War, the Cuban Missile Crisis, why it almost detonated the world and brought the world into the radiation script was that the Soviet Union tried to point the sharp blade of the knife directly at the heart of the United States.
The SCO member states have given up a lot of things during the period when the United States was dominant, but since the United States did not take advantage of the most powerful period to get things done, do not blame the counterattack.
So, the war ten years ago was the last glory of the United States, and with Electric as a sacrifice, the United States has been in the dark ever since.
Nowadays, we can only try to do some things that cannot be done by force by small means, and this is how sad it is.