"A traditional computer is like you have a door in front of you, and you don't know how to open it, but you know how to figure out how to open the door.

For example, I want to figure out if a very large number is prime...... Just one of them, 1597... 3, just looking at it must not be able to see it, and I don't have a prime number table at hand, what should I do?

By definition, let the computer remove them one by one, divide 15973 by 2, there is a remainder, divide by 3, there is still there, divide by 4, there is still ...... Infinite exhaustion until the result with no remainder is calculated or the calculation is finished.

That is to say, with traditional computers, I want to reach this answer, and the most tragic situation is that I have to count at least 15971 times?

Because the computer doesn't think, if it's a person, you see this number, you don't need to count, you can see at a glance that it is definitely not divisible by 2, 3, 5, can be broken down into these numbers without thinking, you can skip it directly.

This number is not divisible by 2, so it is absolutely impossible to be divisible by any even number, and all even numbers can be skipped;

Not divisible by 3, the 6, 9, 12, 15 including the latter can also be skipped, 5 is the same, followed by 5 with 0 can be ignored.

And then, because you can see at a glance that this number is 7000 more than 1 after dividing by 2, you won't think about the number after 7000, and the same is true for other numbers, can the integer part of the result obtained after the root number be the same...... Absolutely.

So, if it's a human to count, it may be at best...... More than 200 times to get the answer.

But the computer doesn't have such logic, it just thinks to die, and it won't stop until all the numbers are divided.

It's like kicking a ball, continuously kicking the door with the divisors of 2, 3, and 4, and setting the door to open when the remainder is 0 in advance, but you haven't kicked it open until there is no ball to kick the door, oh, it means that 15973 is indeed a prime number, and your answer has been answered.

This is the mode of operation of a traditional computer.

What does a quantum computer look like?

The same is kicking, but!

At my feet were two balls connected by a thread.

This wire is not yet an ordinary line, but a spring line.

The quality is very good, not to mention the extremely high elasticity, and the lateral deformation is also destined to be 0.

Before, it was compressed to the extreme, and after kicking out, the spring opened, and the two balls would go back and forth strictly at a 180-degree angle.

In other words, after this kick, I actually have two balls, one forward and one backward under the force of spring.

This is called quantum entanglement, where two seemingly unrelated particles are closely connected, and a change in the state of either will lead to a change in the other.

But in fact, the spring in the middle does not exist.

You may think that this is incomprehensible, but you don't need to understand, what I said about quantum physics can not be justified by this, wave-particle duality is the most basic theoretical support of quantum physics, and it belongs to the foundation of the foundation.

This phenomenon does exist, but why does it exist? Not sure why.

Even the foundation is not stable, how can this building be steady?

Well, don't worry about those, anyway, there is indeed such a system of two-ball system, after kicking out and landing, one in front and one in the back.

So what will happen?

Hey, I'm going to have a door in front of me now!

The logic is the same as that of a traditional computer, the remainder is 0, open the door, not 0, continue to kick.

But now every kick out is pointing to two results, one before and one after.

In the most tragic state, it is also 15971 operations, but ...... Because I have two kicks, I only need to kick ...... 15971/2 = 7985.5, the last place into 1 a total of 7986 times.

How much computation has been reduced?

And if the magic of this ball is stronger, it doesn't need me to kick, it can fly on its own......

Then I'll find a few more balls, and it will fly on its own anyway.

Each ball has a front and back door.

1 set of balls, one operation, two times;

2 sets of balls, one operation, 2 squared, 4 times;

3 sets, 2 cubic, 8 times;

And so on, 10 sets of balls, each operation, 2 to the 10th power, 1024 times.

Traditional computers, one foot down, the ball must go forward, and there is only one door;

With a quantum computer, the ball is both front and back, and at the same time the door can open countless doors.

The same algorithm, the same process, but a quantum computer with 10 quantum entanglements can theoretically reach 1024 times the computing power of traditional computers.

In simple terms, this is how quantum computers work. ”

After speaking, Li Hanying glanced at Li Lingfeng with some smugness, and the latter looked back...... Despise.

Li Hanying was not angry, she was still laughing.

She's laughing, but Ruka is a little disconnected.

Obviously, she didn't listen to half a word at all, she kept pretending there, and after pretending for a long time, she didn't hear the following before she reacted.

She was not ashamed, and pretended to be calm and asked, "But it still has nothing to do with liquid helium?" ”

"Oh...... Excuse me...... Forgot ......" Li Hanying playfully stuck out her tongue, "This is the case in theory, but what about the actual operation...... Hard.

The trajectory of the quantum ......

It is not simply up and down, left and right, front and back.

It can appear in the whole space, at any angle, in any position.

After flying out, you don't know where it will appear, because you can't observe the whole process;

Schrödinger's cat, prerequisites, can't be observed.

Without opening the box, the cat is a superposition of both death and life; The moment you open the box, you see whether the cat is alive or dead, the superposition collapses, and the wave function collapses.

Does that mean that there is a door everywhere in this space, and sensors are attached to every door?

Unrealistic, right?

What to do?

Artificial control, so that it can only be forward and backward.

This requires a low-temperature environment.

Extremely low, very low, basically close to absolute zero.

What does absolute zero describe in those comics?

At that temperature, all particles stop moving, all energy disappears, the molecular force is clear, there is neither repulsion nor attraction, and all matter instantly collapses.

Actually, this is not wrong.

Theoretically, this is true at absolute zero.

When the temperature reaches a similar condition, the particle motion tends to disappear, it is stable, and then we can guide the particle to move in a specific direction in some external way.

At its simplest, electric or magnetic fields.

Artificially construct such a set of pipes so that particles can only move in this direction.

This makes it understandable why liquid helium is needed, right? This is the lowest temperature substance that human beings can find now, the boiling point is 4.215K at standard atmospheric pressure, that is, minus 268.935 degrees Celsius, under circulating cooling, with the existing technology, the lowest and lowest can reduce the ambient temperature to 0.005K, barely, reluctantly can maintain the state of quantum entanglement, so that the direction of motion of the ball has been kept in the direction we need it.

Got it? ”

"Huh?" Liuxiang's big eyes are the best evidence to prove the error of Li Hanying's last sentence.

But it didn't matter, Liuxiang instantly turned on the hard mouth mode again, "That's right, yes, I basically understand!" ”

When Lu Ming heard this, hey, this little girl was still modest, and she even knew that she had to add the word "basic".

This word is very particular, people say 10,000 words, understand 9,000, that is of course "basic";

I understand 1, can you say "basic"?

Why not?

Say no, come, give a standard, how many words can be understood in 10,000 words to be considered "basic"?

Li Hanying, a student of physics, naturally doesn't understand these "social science" things, she is obviously quite satisfied with the "one-point" student in front of her, and can't help but show off directly to Li Lingfeng, "Then I have completed the task, can a certain brother be satisfied?" ”

Liuxiang blushed instantly, and she quickly diverted the topic and began to praise Li Hanying, "In that case, quantum mechanics is actually very useful, according to what you said, 10 groups, 10 groups ......."

Lu Ming couldn't stand it, and directly typed in the management channel and gave a hint, "Quantum Entanglement"

“…… A quantum computer with 10 sets of quantum entanglement can reach the ...... of traditional computers"

Less than half a second after becoming fluent, it was stuck again.

She was also smart, seeing that Lu Ming did not continue to prompt, but "hinted".

“…… The computing power of 2 to the 10th power of a traditional computer is also ......."

Lu Ming was speechless, can this be forgotten?

Have you never bought a computer or used a USB flash drive? Don't know how many megabytes 1T is attributed to?

1024！

Why is the 1T hard disk only 931M displayed on the computer after being bought?

It's very simple, this is a manufacturer playing word games, they define 1T, it is to go by the 4th power of 1000, they say 1T = 1 thousand G, then 1G = 1 gigabit, down to kb, then to b, bytes;

However, the computer system thinks that 1T is the 4th power of 1024, and 1T = 1024M.

Converted, 1T = 10 to the 12th power of the hard disk manufacturer's mouth = 0.9095T = 931.32M in the eyes of the operating system.

Above this number, it can be regarded as a "comparative" conscience.

Low?

Call 315 directly to report! Say goodbye!

Although no manufacturer would be so stupid......

After Lu Ming gave the answer with hatred, Liuxiang was very proud to continue to show her "good performance" in front of the teacher, "...... Doubling the computing power, this is already quite powerful! If the number of quantum entanglement-entanglement groups is more, this multiple can continue to rise further, geometric growth, oh my God, this alone is definitely epoch-making progress, sister, why did you just say that quantum mechanics is useless? ”

Li Hanying explained, "This multiple is just a theory, saying that it is 1024, but in fact, it cannot be reached at all;

Why?

Well...... Now I'm not counting whether the number of more than 17,000 is a prime number, it's a small one, I still remember the prime number table within 1021 and 2000, hehe.

In the case of traditional computers, it takes 1019 times to exhaustively;

What about a 10-qubit quantum computer? 1 time is enough.

How many times is the difference in computing power? Not to 1024, right? It was close, but it didn't arrive.

So what if it's 1031?

traditional computers, 1029 times;

Quantum Computer ...... 2 times.

What is the magnification? 514.5。

Got it?

The first time 1024 results were calculated at the same time, and the second time only 5 were calculated.

No matter how high the computing power is, what's the use?

More or less a part of it will be wasted.

However, in the field of computers, algorithms are far more important than computing power.

Or do you think about prime numbers, as I just said, computers are stupid and only exhaustive.

But the people who operate the computer are not stupid, and the people who write the operating programs are not stupid...... At first glance, you can filter out 2, 3, 5, and everything else that is divisible by these numbers, and you can also know that you can reverse filter out the remainder that is rounded by these numbers, which is very simple, just a few lines of code.

Actually, it's not obvious just by looking at this example, but some algorithms are really ...... Not to mention 1024 times, it is possible to save 100 million times of computing power.

Don't think it's incredible, this is quite obvious in cryptography, have you ever heard of something called Enigma cipher machine? The product of World War II, nearly 200 years ago, relied on that kind of ...... Purely mechanical, can easily achieve more than 1 Beijing permutation and combination, what is this concept? 100 million ah, there were no computers at that time, if you want to brute force it, do you think it's possible?

But people just cracked it!

Rely on pure human power - or brainpower! A person only needs so many dozens of ciphertexts, and in a day, maybe even less than a day, people can find the only solution from 100 million and billions of possibilities!

At that time, when I first saw that set of decryption logic, I thought it was nothing, but later I actually came into contact with cryptography...... Forehead...... In addition to computers, quantum mechanics also has a thing that has entered commercial applications, that is, quantum encryption, and we sometimes make extra money by updating the keys for others.

That's how I feel about this......

It's amazing, it's amazing!

The road is one foot high, and the magic is one foot high!

It's hard to tell you anything else, for example...... Game Hack;

No matter how complex the algorithm is and how astronomical permutations and combinations you have, as long as people have enough love for this game and are willing to take the time to study it, even if I calculate the key of a quantum computer with a computing power close to 1 positive, people will rely on the CPU of a civilian computer so few gigahertz, and the one that should be cracked must still be cracked for you!

Therefore, the computing power thing, really, is too floating. ”

Ruka was stunned, "So, what should I do?" ”

"What else can I do? It's cold. Li Hanying sold a cute, and then said, "In terms of algorithms, there is no point, quantum computers can use this set of algorithms, traditional computers can also be used, and the logic of operation is essentially the same;

Then you can only improve the utilization rate of computing power.

Do not pursue absolute computing power, pursue the number of threads.

In fact, any supercomputer goes like this, thousands or tens of thousands of processors are connected together, doesn't it sound particularly lo and prone to problems?

But this is the most sensible thing to do.

There are 10 questions waiting to be counted, one by one, one after the other, and the next one?

It must be to split the whole system into 10 parts, one is better to calculate a problem, since you have understood what I just said, then you must also be able to figure it out, the lower the single core computing power, the smaller the possibility of wasting computing power, and it is absolutely impossible to waste computing power when calculating a divisor at a time.

This is the same as the division of labor, a person is omniscient and can do anything, so he really has to do everything?

It's stupid, it's just stupid, some jobs are really simple, this is done, that is done, and each of them can only play a small part of the ability, a little waste here, a little waste there, both stealing other people's job opportunities and wasting their own time.

Really, I can't believe that there are people in this world who hold such stupid ideas!

Sister, do you say? ”

Liuxiang was stunned for an instant.

Lu Ming and Hongchen's eyes straightened......

Eldest sister, you asked the wrong person.

The one in front of you is exactly such a person.