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The American scholar Rawls proposed two principles of justice: first, everyone should have an equal right to a similar system of freedom compatible with the broadest basic system of freedoms that everyone else has; secondly, social and economic inequalities should be arranged in such a way that they (1) are reasonably expected to suit the interests of each individual; And (2) dependent on status and office open to all. Rawls also points to a more general conception of justice that can be expressed as follows: "All social values—liberty and opportunity, income and wealth, self-esteem and foundation—are to be equally distributed, unless. . Rawls

Rawls

An unequal distribution of one or all of them is in everyone's interest. ”

It is difficult to free the idea of law from justice. In the eyes of the media and the general public, the concepts of justice and law are constantly being mixed up, and pure jurisprudence opposes the equation of law and justice, advocating that the two be treated as two different issues. Personally, I prefer to merge the two, and I don't agree with the overly clear distinction between the two concepts. If the law abandons justice, it loses its role in regulating social relations; In the same way, when justice is separated from the law, it loses its carrier and can only become a "value judgment" with no practical use. I strongly like Kelsen's view that justice as a subjective value judgment may be rejected by legal science, but if justice is understood as "legitimacy", then the concept of justice should be included in legal science.

When people evaluate whether a law meets the standards of justice (legitimacy), they often base themselves on whether the law can adjust social relations to the satisfaction of all members of society, but in fact, it is impossible for a law that can meet the needs of every member of society.

It should also be mentioned that the concept of absolute justice is proposed by the natural law school, which advocates the dualism of law, which holds that law should be divided into positive law and natural law, and that on top of imperfect positive law, there is a perfect, absolutely righteous natural law. But rational people should know that this kind of absolute justice cannot exist, just as the world is knowable, and man has infinite cognitive faculties, and the world can never be fully known, to borrow Kelsen's words, "justice is an ideal that cannot be approached by one's knowledge." ”

When people seek legal help, when the law punishes criminals, whether fairness is maintained, whether justice is supported, this is the yardstick for the determination of legal justice (legitimacy), and it is also the soil for the survival of law, and the law is based on justice, so that the concept of justice can be sublimated on the basis of law.

Justice is a noble value that is generally recognized by human society, and refers to the views, behaviors, activities, ideas and systems that are fair and reasonable. Justice is a relative concept, and different societies and different classes have different views of justice. The objective criterion for judging justice is whether the viewpoint, behavior, and thinking of justice promote social progress, conform to the laws of social development, and meet the needs of the greatest interests of the vast majority of people in society. The lowest content of justice is that justice requires that the distribution of social benefits and the assumption of social obligations are not arbitrary, but must follow certain norms and standards; The universality of justice requires the distribution of social benefits and obligations according to certain standards of equality or equality of quantity, equality of human contribution or equality of status; Those who distribute social benefits and obligations should maintain a certain degree of neutrality. All in all, justice is to demonstrate that it conforms to facts, laws,

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