The Philosophy of Dai Dongyuan is one of Hu Shi's most important works on the intellectual history of the Qing Dynasty. Hu Shi believed that there was a great anti-rational movement in the intellectual history of the Qing Dynasty, and this movement had two aspects: destruction and construction.

The former is to expose the fallacies of science and break its monopoly, while the latter is to build a new philosophy that is different from science.

Dai Zhen is Hu Shi's Huizhou hometown. On the one hand, Hu Shi has always had the habit of protecting his fellow villagers in Anhui, which can be seen from Hu Shi's evaluation of Li Hongzhang, and on the other hand, it is also to carry forward Dai Zhen's gradual method of "training the mind to know" and "gradually advancing into the wisdom of the sage".

Hu Shih's evaluation of Confucius's words, deeds and thoughts throughout his life was mixed, and his most important essays on Confucius were "History of Ancient Chinese Philosophy" and "Confucianism", but a passage in "Tolerance and Freedom" written by Hu Shi in the "Free China Magazine" shortly before his death should be one of his important final evaluations of Confucius:

"Kong Yingda's "Justice" gives the example of "Confucius punished Shaozheng Mao for Lu Sikou for seven days" to explain "acting falsely and firmly, speaking falsely and arguing, learning from wrong and erudite, and obeying and disobeying and squirming to the public, killing!".

Therefore, it can be used to ban the freedom of artistic creation, and it can also be used to "kill" many scientists who invented 'miraculous weapons', and it can be used to destroy the freedom of thought, speech, and the publication of works. 」

Hu Shi's new poems that have been recited by posterity include:

Written in 1923, the poem "Moonlit Night on the Secret Demon Cliff" was composed by the folk singer Su Lai. Sung by Bao Meisheng.

When the moon is still full, it is still an empty mountain, and the night is silent; I return alone under the moon, how can this desolation be resolved! A burst of pine waves on Cuiwei Mountain shattered the silence of the empty mountain. The mountain wind blew the pine marks on the window paper, and the figure in my heart could not be blown away.

"Thank you" written in 1924, thank you for coming, comforting me in the loneliness in the mountains, accompanying me to see the mountains and the moon, and living a fairy life. Hurried parting for another year. Dreams are always remembered. Humanity should be forgotten. How did I forget?

"It's also a microcloud": It's also a microcloud, and it's also the moon after the microcloud, I don't see last year's traveling companion, and I don't have the mood of the day. Reluctant to evoke lovesickness. I didn't dare to go out to see the moon; Make me lovesick all night.

Legend has it that all three of these new poems were written by Hu Shi for his sister-in-law, Cao Chengying (Cao Peisheng), China's first female professor of agriculture.

1920 "Dreams and Poems": Drunk Fang knows that the wine is strong. You can't be my poem, just as I can't dream of you"

"Old Dreams": In the greenery at the foot of the mountain. Revealing the corner of the flying hair, he was shocked by the old dream, tears fell to his heart, and he sang the old song to him, and no one understood the bitterness. I'm not singing, I'm just reliving old dreams.

The above Hu Shi's new poem has been partially modified and adapted into "What Year and What Month to Meet Again" Singing: Zheng Lisi, Lyrics: Pi Yangguo, Composer: Luo Ping.

In the bustling green bushes, I saw the wild geese flying over and startled my old dreams, the past in my heart surging in the bustling green bushes, and seeing the wild geese flying over and shocked my old dreams, the past thoughts of the old love were strong, no one understood the acquaintance, and we met again today, when the year and month meet.

"Orchid Grass": I came from the mountains, brought orchids and plants to plant in a small garden, hoping that the flowers would bloom early, three times a day, and the flowers would pass, but the orchids were still there, and there was no bud.

In the blink of an eye, autumn arrives, moving orchids into the greenhouse, taking care of each other frequently, not forgetting each other night and night, looking forward to the spring flowers blooming, and can fulfill the old wish full of garden flowers, adding a lot of fragrance.

"Old Crow": I got up early in the morning, and stood on the corner of someone's house and cried dumb people to dislike me, saying that I was unlucky; I flew back all day, cold and hungry all day.

- I can't fly for others with a sheath, and I can't ask people to tie to the head of a bamboo pole and earn a handful of millet!

In 1947, Jiang Zhongzheng wanted to ask Hu Shi to be the dean of the examination and a member of the national government, but Hu Shi insisted on refusing to join the national government and resigned. (See "The First Draft of Mr. Hu Shizhi's Yearbook")

In 1948, Chiang Chung-cheng believed that the Constitution of the Republic of China was a cabinet system, and the real power was in the cabinet, and the The President of the Republic of China should be a vacant position, and it was better to invite a fair person, so he wanted the Kuomintang to support Hu Shih, who had no party membership, to run for the first president after the constitution, and then appoint Chiang Zhongzheng as the cabinet of the Executive Yuan after Hu was properly elected president, Hu Shih also agreed, but later changed his mind because the Kuomintang Central Executive Committee still supported Chiang's election of president.

In 1948, Fu Zuoyi, the commander-in-chief of the North China Suppression in Beiping, blocked the roads to Suiyuan in the west and the sea in the south. Fu Zuoyi thought day and night, but he couldn't make up his mind. He thought that Hu Shi could give him an idea, and took Hu Shi to Zhongnanhai Huairentang for a secret talk, and Hu sent eight words, "It is difficult to fight with him, and he insists on waiting for change".

In 1948, Zhu Jiaqi, Fu Sinian, Yu Dawei, and Chen Xueping tried to send a plane to pick up Hu Shi in Nanjing. Fu Zuoyi sent troops to escort Hu Shi to Nanyuan Airport and boarded the plane. At ten o'clock in the night, I arrived at Nanjing Ming Palace Airport.

In 1949, Hu adapted to the requirements of the government of the Republic of China, took the Wilson ship from Shanghai to the United States as a lobbyist, and sought the intervention of the US government in order to peacefully resolve the issue of the civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, but the ship arrived in San Francisco and learned that the government had rejected 24 demands and that the People's Liberation Army had crossed the river.

In 1949, the new cabinet leader Yan Xishan announced Hu Shih as foreign minister, but Hu Shih refused to take office.

In 1950, U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for Asia-Pacific Affairs, Dean Rusk, met with Hu Shih and tried to persuade Hu Shih to lead exile and people to replace Chiang Chung-cheng's regime, but Hu Shih expressed no interest in this.

At that time, the United States completely lost confidence in Chiang and hoped to establish a third force to counter the expansion of the Communist Party, but Hu Shih was not interested in it.

In 1952, Hu Shih and Chiang Ting-huang in New York intended to jointly organize an opposition party to promote democratic politics in Taiwan, but after Hu Shih returned to Taiwan to discuss with Chiang Chung-cheng, they were opposed by Chiang Chung-cheng, so that the formation of the party was stillborn.

In 1957, Hu was elected president of the Academia Sinica, the highest research institution, and returned to Taiwan in April of the following year to settle down. Since then, Hu Shi has traveled back and forth between Taiwan and the United States for many times.

During this period, due to economic relations, in 1958, he also sold all his works such as "Selected Works of Hu Shih" and "Forty Self-Statements" to a domestic publishing company by way of buyout (one says twenty years).

After 1958, the mainland launched a large-scale liquidation of Hu Shih's thoughts, and Hu Shih responded, "I think there has been an open trend in the world for two or three hundred years, moving in the direction of scientific democracy and new scientific methods.

At that time, my friend Chen Duxiu published an article in New Youth in support of Mr. "De" and "Mr. Sai", and I said that personifying this abstract noun and seeing it as a human being is the easiest to make mistakes and personification.

It is easy to personify, and it is easy to idolize, and if you idolize, you will blindly worship my friend Chen Duxiu at that time only recognized two nouns, and I don't know that science is a method, and democracy is a habit and a way of life. 」

In 1959, the Kinmen Construction Corps was mining stones in the east of the old Jincheng Mountain, and accidentally found the eight characters and the full text of the stele of "Emperor Ming Jian Guolu Wang 壙誌" and handed it over to Dr. Hu Shi for study.

In 1960, Lei Zhen and people outside the party in Taiwan and Hong Kong jointly signed against Chiang Zhongzheng violating the Constitution of the Republic of China for three consecutive presidents, and Hu Shih was one of the co-signatories.

The inscription on the tomb of Hu Shi was written by the well-known scholar Mao Zishui and written by Mr. Wang Zhuangwei, a famous scholar of gold and stone, and its content reads: "This is the tomb of Mr. Hu Shih, this person who has worked hard for the progress of scholarship and culture, for the freedom of thought and speech, for the honor of the nation, and for the happiness of mankind, and who has worked so hard to die that he is now resting here! We believe that the remains will eventually disappear, and the valley will change, but now the light given by this philosopher in the tomb will always exist. (To be continued......)