'To the end of man', 'God and man without merit', 'Saint without name'.

"Leisure" - experienced the transcendent spirit of life from real life, understood the vagaries of reality, and liberated from life and death.

Ordinary people are still confined to the "big dream" and are unconscious, so people have to be enlightened. The first effort is "not waiting". "To wait" means to be dependent, to be attached, to be burdened, and to be waiting, as opposed to to waiting, to be non-dependent, to be non-attached, to be non-dependent,

Dependence and attachment will blind the mind to the truth of things. It is necessary to get rid of all attachments in order to clear the mind and see the truth of things.

To attain freedom, one needs to let go of everything, to dissolve the dependent mind and transform it into a state of non-dependence.

Life should not have desires, but should conform to nature, transcend the difference in size in form, not be tempted by material desires, get rid of waiting, enter non-waiting, experience the existence of the Tao, and achieve leisure.

"Leisure" is not a matter of physical phenomena, but of the spiritual level. We must be able to forget all fame and fortune, forget ourselves, get rid of all discriminating thoughts, no small or big, no death and no life.

In this way, the life of the self will be fulfilled and all shackles will be freed from all shackles and enter the unfettered place of happiness.

Ruan Ji once played chess with someone, and the news of his mother's death came from his home, so he forced himself to calm down, continued to play chess, and when he returned home, he drank desperately, and then cried and vomited blood.

He originally wanted to learn the Daguan of Zhuangzi's wife's death, but he still couldn't learn Zhuangzi's original intention, and he couldn't really see through death and life, but he had to be calm. It's just suppressing one's emotions and emulating one's own leisure, not really one's leisure.

Freedom is a kind of absolute freedom of mind. It's not an outward appearance. When the human body detects the rhythm of all things and becomes one with all things, it can swim with the Tao and achieve leisure.

Feeling harmonious and comfortable in the heart is really at ease, and being calm is just a superficial effort.

The attitude of life is leisurely and comfortable, the word leisurely, many explanations, Gu Tongbai said: "The carefree. Pin also; Far also. "Leisure" is to take the road of life to yearn for "elimination", for the finitude of human beings, we have to dissolve, to "eliminate all the tiredness." Foresight is unreasonable."

Wang Chuanshan said that "elimination" means "dissipation". "Haruka" means "to lead away". And Zhi Daolin said, "Things are things but not things. Therefore, I don't wait for me, and I don't feel fast, so I don't do anything from afar. 」

Chu Ci added: "Leisurely. Still soaring. Xiang sheep, still wandering. Therefore, in terms of the literal meaning, Xiaoyao originally meant to wander and soar.

The freedom to wander for action, the freedom to soar for flight, and the freedom to move for leisure.

Master Hanshan explained that Xiaoyao is a vast self-satisfaction, a vast freedom, and elevates Xiaoyao to the level of spiritual freedom.

Zhuangzi once said that "Zhuang language cannot be used in the world", so he used "absurd words, absurd words, and gratuitous words" to illustrate his philosophy.

In Zhuangzi's writings, there are many fables, the so-called "fables", allegorical means to send, which means to send here to the other, and to hint at one's own meaning through virtual people, things, and things, that is, to "talk about it from outside".

Because "his own father is not his son's matchmaker", of course others will not believe how good his ideals are when he states himself, because it is "Lao Wang sells melons and boasts about himself".

Therefore, it is necessary to explain it to yourself through a third party. The so-called "tautology", Lu Fuming's "Zhuangzi Yinyi" said: "The words of those who are valued by others." 」

As the saying goes, "people speak softly", of course people who have no status say what they say, so they have to speak for themselves under the pretense of going to the sages and ancestors to learn from them.

Fables express their meaning in terms of virtual people, things, and things, so different people will have different guesses about the same fable.

Using allegory to interpret Zhuangzi will encounter another problem, that is, the difference between "material nature" and "human nature". Zhuangzi uses things to entertain people, but the nature of things is limited and cannot be surpassed, while human nature can be continuously developed.

Therefore, it is important to grasp the meaning of Zhuangzi from the fables of Zhuangzi, rather than literal interpretations.

"There is a fish in the northern underworld, and its name is a shark. The fish is so big that I don't know how many thousands of miles it is. Turned into a bird, its name is Peng. Peng's back, I don't know how many thousands of miles it is, and it flies angrily, its wings are like clouds hanging from the sky. 」

Zhuangzi proposed the huge Xuanpeng as a representative of the great, and then proposed the Xuan, Xuefeng, and Repulsion Fish to set it off. Generally, there are two opinions on the "big" of the fish and the "small" of the fish, one is "small is not as big as the big", and the other is "the size is adaptable".

Those who advocated "self-adaptation of size to size" could be represented by Xiang and Guo, and the metaphysicians of the Wei and Jin dynasties carried this forward. "Heaven and earth, the general name of all things. Heaven and earth are based on all things, and all things must be based on nature.

The natural one, the natural one, the natural one. Therefore, the energy of Dapeng is high, the energy of the repulsion is low, the energy of the Tsubaki wood is long, and the energy of the fungus is short. 」

"I don't know what it is. The righteousness of Fu Zhuangzi is to be free and nomadic, and to be self-satisfied with nothing. Therefore, it is very small and large, and it is appropriate to distinguish it with clarity. 」

"Everything has its own nature, and each has its own extreme, all of them are as known by the year, and they are not within the reach of the age. "If you are satisfied with its nature, although you are a big peng, you can't be more valuable than a bird, and a bird is not envious of Tianchi, and you have more than enough to be honored! 」

"Although the husband is small and the big is different, but in the field of self-satisfaction, things are left to their own nature, and things are called their abilities, each according to his own part, and he is free. How can we afford to win or lose? 」

From the above introduction, it can be seen that nature in Xiang and Guo's eyes is confined to physical phenomena and is dominated by instinct. The Roc can fly high, but the repulsion cannot fly high, which is a physical phenomenon and an instinctive limitation.

Therefore, it is natural that the lizard does not want to fly to Tianchi. Xiang and Guo believe that although Dapeng and Xiaolu have different sizes, if they can be "sufficient for their sex", it is a kind of leisure.

In this way, the short are content to be short, and the ugly do not regard ugliness as evil, which is also a kind of leisure. Since being short and ugly is limited by the body, it is not something that can be modified by manpower, and it is understandable that it can be comfortable and comfortable.

However, this is not the true meaning of the Escape. If the wise are content with the shallow, and the virtuous are content with the shallow, because wisdom and virtue are not limited by the body, but can be transformed by manpower, but they are complacent and self-conscious and do not seek progress, this is a negative decadent thought, not a realm of leisure.

Bacteria don't know the end of the day, and the frog doesn't know that there is a year in the road, which is limited by the fact that their life cycle is too short and limited by "physical properties".

Each life has its own pattern and paradigm, so his insight and understanding are of course different.

Zhuangzi does not force out the differences. What Zhuangzi wants to explain is not the size and length of the body in the external objective world, but as a metaphor for the differences in the world and the value judgments between different life processes.

"Physical nature" has its limitations, but "human nature" is different, and human nature can be developed upward. Therefore, Zhuangzi saw that people at that time were content with the status quo, short-sighted and short-sighted, and did not know that there was a higher goal to pursue.

Therefore, he proposed the unimaginably large Pengbird, which makes people hear things they have never heard of before, and forces people to think about things that they have never thought of before, and is no longer limited to the ephemeral things of the present.

Zhuangzi proposed the Peng Bird, telling people that there is a higher and farther goal to be pursued, and not to be complacent with the status quo. This is a kind of display of Zhuangzi's writings, not that Zhuangzi really thinks that small is not as good as big. Zhuangzi has reached the state of being at ease, and he is one with all things, how can there be a difference between big and small?

For Peng, he can get out of the confines of the sea, go up and down the Quartet, and let it swim. From small to big is only the growth of life, and from big to big is the elevation of the realm. Although the fish is big, he is not complacent, he turns into a peng and flies towards another higher target, "Nanming".

Zhuangzi uses things to entertain people, but things have material properties and will be limited. And what about human beings? Human beings have material nature, and they also have human nature. If people do not pursue progress, they will go in the direction of things, limited to their physical nature. However, if a person can develop "human nature", he will be able to realize the Tao and become one with all things.

It is like a fish turning into a peng, and it is elevated to a higher level. The reason why a saint is a saint is also through the process of life transformation - from self-denial and repentance, to benevolence and righteousness, and to forgetting benevolence and forgetting righteousness, and to ascending to the avenue, through the renewal, to do the inner cultivation of the upliftment.

Through the transformation of Zhuangzi, he shows the situation of changing from behavior to emotion, and then to sublimating to changing circumstances. It is also a metaphor for people to pursue a higher level of realm in order to improve the level of life.

In short, Zhuangzi's view of freedom is to break away from the worldly appearance, not to be confused by external appearances, to enter the ontology of real existence, and to be one with all things. And let go of life and death, not bound by life, you can reach a situation of no waiting, and be at ease. (To be continued......)