Scientifically, Leonardo da Vinci was a meticulous observer, able to describe a phenomenon in the most elaborate way, but not through theory and experiment.

Da Vinci began to learn about human anatomy while studying with Verrocchio. At that time, Verrocchio insisted that all his disciples learn anatomy.

When Leonardo da Vinci became a successful artist, he was given permission to dissect the human body at the Santa Maria Nueva Hospital in Florence. He then worked at the Maggiore Hospital in Milan and at the Hospital of the Holy Spirit in Rome, the first Italian hospital.

From 1510 to 1511, he worked with Dr. Thor. Over the course of 30 years, da Vinci dissected 30 human bodies of different genders and ages.

While working with Dr. Thor, da Vinci prepared to publish anatomical works and produced more than 200 drawings. However, it was not until 1680 (161 years after his death) that his book was published under the title "On Painting". In addition to the human body, Da Vinci also dissected cows, birds, monkeys, bears, and frogs for anatomical comparison.

Leonardo da Vinci painted many figures of human skeletons, and he was also the first person to depict the double S shape of the spine. He also studied the inclination of the pelvis and sacrum, emphasizing that the sacrum is not only not monomorphic, but also composed of five vertebrae.

Da Vinci was also able to express the morphology of the skull and the different cross-sections of the brain, such as cross-sections, longitudinal sections, and orthosections. He drew many diagrams, including the lungs, mesentery, and urinary tract.

He was the first to draw a fetus in the womb (he wanted to know about the "miracle of fertility") and the first to draw an appendix in the abdomen.

In addition, da Vinci often depicted the muscles and tendons of the neck and shoulders.

In 2005, Leonardo da Vinci's painting inspired a British cardiac surgeon to spearhead a new way to repair a damaged heart.

He can be said to be the grandmaster of local anatomical diagrams. Not only is it outstanding in studying human anatomy, but it is also excellent when dabbling in other animal dissections.

Da Vinci was concerned not only with the structure of the body, but also with physiological functions, which made him an anatomist and physiologist. He actively sought out models for people with obvious physical defects in appearance in order to create comical paintings that highlighted the significance of physiological functions. Da Vinci was also able to draw with one hand and write at the same time.

Based on the study of human anatomy, da Vinci designed the first robot in history. The design, known as the Da Vinci robot, was probably completed in 1495, a draft that was not discovered until the 1950s. It is not known if the design is going to be made physical.

It is generally accepted that Leonardo's knowledge of the anatomy of the human body was of considerable help to him in painting.

Fascinated by the phenomenon of flight, Leonardo da Vinci did a detailed study of bird flight, and planned several flying machines, including a helicopter with four manpower (but unable to function due to the rotation of the air) and a light glider.

In 1496, he had tested a homemade flying machine, but failed.

In 1502, Leonardo da Vinci sketched a bridge with a single span of 240 meters (720 feet) for the civil engineering project of Ottoman Sultan Bayezid II of Istanbul.

The design intended for the bridge to cross the Golden Horn at the mouth of the Bosphorus. However, it was not carried out because Bayezid II considered it impossible to build.

Year 2001. Built on Leonardo da Vinci's design. The Da Vinci project of Wibjunshan allowed the bridge to be put into practice in Norway in the form of a small bridge.

In 2006, the Turkish government decided to build the Da Vinci Bridge over the Golden Horn on the ground.

In 1490, Leonardo da Vinci sketched the concept of a continuously variable automatic transmission. Today. Da Vinci's concept of shifting is actually used in cars in a modern form.

Furthermore. Continuously variable continuous automatic transmissions have also been used for many years in tractors, snowmobiles, and motorcycles. ”

Because Leonardo da Vinci worked as a military engineer. The notes also include the design of several types of military machinery: machine guns, armed tanks drawn by humans or horses, submunitions, military parachutes, and diving suits made of pigskin with breathing hoses.

Later, however, he decided that war was the worst human activity. Other inventions include submarines, a gear mechanism that was interpreted as the first mechanical computer, and the first programmable mobile robot misunderstood as a clockwork car.

Furthermore. During his years at the Vatican, da Vinci planned to use solar energy to boil water using concave mirrors. Although most of Da Vinci's inventions were not realized during his lifetime, many models were implemented under the auspices of IBM and displayed at the Da Vinci Museum in the House of Cross in Amboise.

Da Vinci took notes every day throughout his life and wrote them in his own unique mirror reverse handwriting. Although most people think that Da Vinci was trying to keep it a secret, it is reasonable to think that mirroring is the natural nature of left-handed writing.

Leonardo da Vinci recorded his sketches, inventions, architectural designs, mechanical elements, pictorial conceptions, human anatomy, lists of objects and even those who borrowed money from him.

Originally scattered among friends after his death, these manuscripts of various forms and sizes are now housed in the Louvre, the Bibliothèque Nacional de España, the Ambrosius Library in Milan, and the Victoria and Albert Museum and the British Library in London.

The British Museum has a selection of Leonardo da Vinci's manuscripts available online in the "TurningthePages" section. The Leicester Codex, the main scientific record in Da Vinci's possession, is in the possession of Bill and Gates, and is currently exhibited annually in different cities throughout the world.

To those who believe that Da Vinci wanted to popularize his observations into popular knowledge, why Da Vinci did not publish or disseminate the contents of the manuscript in a different way remains a mystery to this day.

The historian of science and technology, Louis Muffer, argues that Da Vinci kept the manuscripts as if they were personal travelogues, and that those who wanted to use them for the wrong purposes would have no access to them (e.g., tanks).

Until the 19th century, these manuscripts remained hidden, but they did not directly contribute to the development of science and technology at that time.

In 2005, researchers discovered the so-called Da Vinci Secret Laboratory, which was used for flight and other advanced scientific research, in a pre-enclosed room in the convent next door, in the ancient Roman shrine of the ancient Roman shrine of Cimar Annuriata, in the center of Florence.

In private, Da Vinci kept it a secret. He also declared that he hated physical relations, saying that "anything related to the birth of children is disgusting, and if a person does not have a beautiful face and a good sense of beauty, he will die early." According to Freud's later analysis of the artist, Da Vinci was a sexually sensitive

In the collection of Empress Victoria, there is an erotic painting made in 1518, The Angel of the Inca, which also bears the name of Charai.

Da Vinci's major work, St. John the Baptist, based on the appearance of Shalai, is funny and bare-chested, and critics such as Martin Kemp and James Sasrow have criticized the painting for instilling homosexual ideas.

Although Charley called da Vinci's "apprentice" and claimed that he "taught him a lot about painting", his work is generally considered to be of little artistic value compared to other apprentices.

In 1515, Charais painted a nude portrait of Madame Gioconda under the name of Andrea Charle, the painting Monavana. Leonardo da Vinci also painted a portrait of Madame Gioconda, the Mona Lisa, which pales in comparison.

After Leonardo da Vinci's death, his paintings came into the possession of his apprentices and assistant Charais. Among them, Leonardo da Vinci bequeathed the Mona Lisa, which was valued at 505 Italian lira in his will, which is a very high valuation for this small portrait.

Da Vinci's time in Florence also had many friends who were famous in different fields or who influenced history.

From Leonardo da Vinci's writings and early biographies, it is clear that he was an upright man, and that his respect for life made him a vegetarian.

Especially when he sees milking cows as stealing, the word "vegan" just applies to him. Giorgio Vasari recorded an anecdote from Da Vinci: when da Vinci was a young man, he often bought caged birds in Florence and then released them.

He is also a highly respected connoisseur of aesthetics, especially for open-air stage creations. Da Vinci was supposed to embrace vegetarianism in his youth and live his life.

In 2006, anthropologists announced that they had reconstructed the fingerprint of Da Vinci's left index finger. Da Vinci's mother was a slave from Constantinople, as evidenced by the fact that 60% of the population of Middle Eastern descent was found to have the same fingerprint spiral.

Anthropologists expect to be able to confirm the details of Da Vinci's daily routine. But an associate professor of criminology at the University of California, Irvine, counters: "You can't predict a race based on these statistics, especially if you only look at one finger. 」

Da Vinci followed an unusual polyphasic sleep management that reduced sleep time with extra frequent napping.

The statue of Leonardo da Vinci outside the Uffizi Gallery in Florence, Italy, "In those exemplars, before the promising people in the official positions of Florence, only he constantly showed how to lift the baptistery of Giovanni, and was able to set foot in it without damaging it, and convincing others that it was possible in the midst of heated arguments, although he later showed everyone who had suddenly realized that the Tao could not be achieved no matter how hard he tried." —Giorgio Vasari, The Life of Leonardo da Vinci (to be continued......