One of the Demon Rebels, the floating pot space - Bacon

Francis and Bacon, the first Saint-Arlean (1561-1626), English prose writer, jurist, philosopher, and statesman, were the ancestors of classical empiricism.

Francis Bacon was born in London into a family of high-ranking officials. His father, Sir Nicholas Bacon, was Queen Elizabeth's Chancellor.

Bacon was the youngest son of his father's second wife. His mother was a learned aristocratic woman of the Renaissance, and her brother-in-law was Queen Elizabeth's retainer, Lord Burleigh.

With this family background and social connections, coupled with his outstanding talent, Bacon had the opportunity to enter and leave the court at an early age. As a child, he was called "my little minister" by Queen Elizabeth.

The ambitious Bacon wanted a shortcut to fame and fortune, and aspired to become an official in the future. At the age of twelve, he entered Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied theology and metaphysics, as well as logic, mathematics, astronomy, Greek and Latin.

He was disgusted by the educational system of the university and the Aristotelian philosophical system of the group in academic research. After graduating from Cambridge University in 1576, he traveled to Paris, together with the English ambassador to France, where he served as foreign secretary at the English embassy in France, where he studied statistics and diplomacy.

In 1579, he resigned and returned to England due to the death of his father. In 1593 he was elected to the House of Commons, in 1617 he became Chancellor, and in 1618 he became Lord Chancellor under James I, and was given the title of Baron Virumam. In 1621 he was knighted to the rank of Saint-Arle.

In his later years, he was convicted of bribery by the king, but was pardoned by the king. After writing behind closed doors, although his life was rather bleak, he was a scholarly achievement, and died on April 9, 1626, when he contracted a cold and fell ill during an experiment to preserve food with snow (a chicken was purchased at that time). After Bacon's death, Sir Henry Warden inscribed an epitaph for him:

"If the Lord of Saint-Alban is given a more prestigious title, he should be called "the light of science" and "the tongue of law""

Bacon was the first to realize the historical significance of science and its methodology and the role it could play in human life. He tried to give impetus and direction to the development of the new scientific movement by analyzing and defining the general methods of science and showing how they could be applied.

Bacon was a philosopher. He began by exploring the possibilities of experimental methods, and he said that he wanted to be the Columbus of science. In 1605 he published his first book, The Progress of Scholarship, the earliest popular book to explain his views.

Year 1620. Part of his major book, The Great Revival of Scholarship, was published. The book was not finished by the time of his death. Bacon divided the book into six parts.

1. Introduction, i.e., "The Progress of Scholarship".

2. "New Tools" is mainly an analysis of the scientific method, and it is the most complete part of the book.

3. It was originally intended to be an encyclopedia of artisan knowledge and experimental facts.

4. The fourth part is not found, and mainly discusses how to use new methods to analyze facts.

5. Discuss past and present scientific theories.

6. Discuss the new natural philosophy. Hypotheses extracted from various facts and existing scientific theories are synthesized as far as possible.

Bacon wrote only the second part of this book. But he had a great influence on both seventeenth-century England and eighteenth-century France. In this work, he proposed a theory of scientific knowledge based on observation and experimentation. As an inductive theory, it gradually became known.

Bacon believed that the scientific understanding of nature and the technical control went hand in hand. Both are the result of the application of the scientific method. Bacon took the invention of printing, gunpowder, and the compass very seriously. He used these three inventions as examples to prove that modern people were much more knowledgeable than the ancient Greeks. Bacon Says:

"Therefore, the new scientific method to promote the development of science and technology requires, first and foremost, the search for new principles, new operating procedures and new facts. Such principles and facts can be found in the technical knowledge. Also found in Experimental Science. When we understand these principles and knowledge, they lead to new technical and scientific applications. 」

Bacon asked James I to issue orders to gather knowledge in all its aspects. He considered the collection of a large number of facts to be the first requirement of his method, and that he could explain all the phenomena of nature if he had an encyclopedia six times as long as Pliny the Elder's Natural History.

Bacon's view of the scientific method is based on experimental, qualitative and inductive. He was distrustful of the mathematical and deductive methods used in the scientific method.

Bacon only had his original ideas about the methods he advocated, but these original ideas were not immediately applied either. It was not until the nineteenth century that Bacon's qualitative-inductive approach was valued due to the development of the theory of evolution in geology and biology.

In evaluating Bacon's methodology, Marx once said: "Science is the science of experiments, and the scientific method is to use rational methods to organize perceptual materials, and induction, analysis, comparison, observation and experimentation are rational methods and important conditions. 」

In the applied sciences, Bacon was primarily interested in the skills of craftsmen and the process of industrial production, and he was called "the philosopher of industrial science".

Bacon was also an essayist. His Collected Treatises, published in 1624, is beautifully written and is worth reading. There are many famous sentences in it:

The reading of history makes people wise, the reading of poetry makes people beautiful, mathematics makes people thorough, physics makes people profound, ethics makes people dignified, and the study of logic and rhetoric makes people good at argumentation. Truth is a product of time, not authority. Organizing your time wisely is saving time.

He is the author of the first edition of the Analects in 1597, the Progress of Scholarship in 1605, and the New Instrumental Treatise in 1620.

"Henry VII Books", "On the Nature of Things", "The Clues of the Labyrinth", "Critique of Philosophy", "Major Events of Nature", "On the Knowledge of Man", "Bacon's Theory of Life"

What Bacon said:

A shrewd and cautious person will surely hand over good luck.

Of all the truly great men (ancient and modern, whose names are forever etched in the memory of mankind), there is not a man who is mad with love: for great causes inhibit this weak feeling.

Etiquette is noble only when it behaves naturally. If it is too contrived on the surface, it loses its due value.

Reading history makes people wise, reading poetry makes people smart, mathematics makes people thorough, science makes people profound, ethics makes people dignified, logic and rhetoric make people good at argumentation, and everything that is learned becomes character.

Informative rhetoric is like glittering beads. The truly clever and wise are those who are short in their words.

The supreme part of beauty cannot be traced with a colored pen.

In general, young people are more "intuitive", while older people are more "thoughtful".

Love born of marriage makes children, and love born of friendship makes a person.

If you don't, it's going to catch the bald head, or at least it'll give you the handle of the bottle, and if you don't, it's going to give you the round body of the bottle, and that's very hard to catch. There is no greater wisdom than making good use of the timing at the beginning of the beginning.

Time is the measure of career.

Talents that flaunt on the outside are suddenly admirable, but talents that are hidden in the depths can bring luck.

Books are ships of thought that sail the waves of the times, carefully transporting precious goods from generation to generation.

In all great undertakings, one should look at the opportunity like a thousand eyes before starting to do something, and seize the opportunity like a thousand-armed god when proceeding. (To be continued......)