Chapter Forty-Seven: The leader of the literary world, the leader of the poets
The author said on today's broadcast: "My readers should not have great logicians or great wisdom and great thinkers, so no one should know why the author kept buying music and books when he was young?
When I was young, I wanted to be the first person in heaven and earth, to become the person who best understood all things in heaven and earth, and from a person who was originally a person who was free inside and outside to a person who could only realize it in the heart, which can be proved from the author's book.
People are not as good as heaven, and many years later, computers were born
I love Huang Yi's books, and I can still say a few words, but I can't say anything about some of the girls I once loved. Time has proven, what has it proven? In the hall of eternal romance, there is a place, well! It's not mine, it's the dragon Yinyue. Ha Lu Ha"
^Cambrian^─The author of "The Book of Replenishing Heaven", "The Book of Original Matches", "Walking with the Son", "The Code of Rebirth Space", and "Smoke and Water Cold" said on his broadcast today: "When I wrote the chapter of "Fox Charm", I actually thought that every woman has a fox spirit in her heart. The difference is that some people have been hibernating, and they haven't waited for anyone who can wake her up. 」
One of the Guardians of the Demon Heroes - Dustoevsky
Dustoevsky (Russian: ФёдорМихайлович Достоевский, 1821-1881) was a Russian writer whose literary style had a profound influence on the world of literature in the 20th century.
Dustoevsky often portrayed characters who lived at the bottom of society but all had different ideas, which allowed him to understand the psychology of the little people in the turbulent Russian society of the 19th century.
Some scholars consider him to be the founder of existentialism. For example, the American philosophers Walter, Arnold, and Kaufman once considered "Dustoevsky's Notes from the Basement to be the perfect prelude to existentialism".
In the 1840s Dustoevsky became acquainted with Nikasov, and with his encouragement, in 1845 Dustoevsky wrote his debut novel, The Poor.
It is said that Nikasov was so excited that he went straight to Belinsky's house, and after seeing it, Belinsky weptly hugged Dustoevsky and called him "the genius of Russian literature".
In 1846 The Poor Man was published. Soon after, however, due to literary differences, Dustoevsky broke with Nikasov and Belinsky.
In 1843, he translated Balzac's novel "Oyenie and Grandet" into Russian, but unfortunately no one paid attention to him.
"The Poor" was serialized in the journal "Contemporary". Widely acclaimed. Nikasov, the magazine's editor-in-chief, excitedly stormed the office of the Russian literary critic Belinsky after reading the novel. shouted: "Another Gogol has appeared!"
Gogol, a Russian writer, was born into a family of landowners in what is now Ukraine. He loved literature since he was a child, and was deeply influenced by the Enlightenment Movement.
Year 1836. His satirical comedy "The Minister" was staged. In this work. With his humorous tone and powerful satire, he brought about a major turning point in the art of Russian comedy.
In 1842, Dead Souls was published. It "shook the whole of Russia" and became an important symbol of the originality and nationality of Russian literature.
Belinsky called him "the leader of the literary world" and "the leader of the poets" after Alexander and Pushkin. And the whole 40s of the 19th century was also called the "Gogol period" by Chernyshevsky.
In 1847, he published Selected Letters with Friends, in which he openly expressed his remorse for all his previous works. In 1852 he died in severe Orthodox fanaticism. Gogol was one of the founders of Russian realist literature and the founder of "naturalism". ”
Alexander Aleksandr, Sergeyevich and Pushkin, famous Russian writers, are considered by many to be the greatest Russian poets and the founders of modern Russian literature.
The main representative of Russian Romantic literature in the 19th century. His representative works include the poems "Ode to Freedom", "To the Sea", "To Chadaev", etc., the poetic novels "Evgeny, Onegin", and the novella "The Captain's Daughter". ”
In 1847, Dustoevsky became interested in utopian socialism and took part in the revolutionary activities of the Petersburg Rashevsky group.
In the same year, Gogol published Selected Letters with Friends, and Belinsky wrote A Letter to Gogol, refuting his views.
Dustoevsky liked Belinsky's essay so much that he found a manuscript to read aloud to the group. In 1849 he was arrested for his involvement in revolutionary activities against the Tsar and executed on 16 November. The sentence was commuted to exile in Siberia just a moment before the execution.
In 1850, Dustoevsky was sent to the Omsk Military Prison in Siberia, where he began a long period of hard labor for four years.
In Siberia, his thinking changed dramatically, and at the same time he had more frequent episodes of epilepsy. He recorded his feelings and observations during his hard labor in the Siberian Notes, much of which was included in the Notes of the House of the Dead and other works.
In 1854 he was released, but demanded that he must serve in Siberia. In 1858 he was promoted to second lieutenant, and from then on he had his own time to think and write.
The 10 years between the fake execution and his sentence in Siberia were the main turning points in his life, and he began to reflect on himself and become religious. It was also in Siberia that he met his future wife, Maria and Isaev.
In 1860, Dustoevsky returned to St. Petersburg, and the following year published his first novel, "The Insulted and the Damaged". This work can be seen as a transitional work between his early and late periods, with both the depiction of the suffering people in the early stage and the religious and philosophical discussions in the later period.
During this time, he made some progress in literature, but his life was hit one after another. In 1864 his wife and brother died, and he had to take care of his brother's family, which left him on the verge of bankruptcy. He hoped to pay off his debts by gambling, but he owed more debts, and the whole person fell into depression.
In order to avoid his creditors, he was forced to go to Europe to avoid his debts. The publisher promised to give him an advance payment, but asked him to write a novel within six months. Dustoevsky was writing Crime and Punishment and did not have time to write another one, but he had to agree for the sake of his livelihood.
In 1866 his magnum opus, Crime and Punishment, was published, but another novel had not yet been written a month before it was submitted. Under the introduction of a friend, he met Anna, a top student at the shorthand school, and the two worked efficiently, completing The Gambler in one month, which was published in 1867. The two got married in the same year, and with Anna's encouragement and help, his life began to settle down.
In 1868 he completed The Idiot. In 1872, he completed "The Demons". In 1873, he began to create the journal "Writer's Diary", which was very popular.
In 1880 he published The Brothers Karamazov, the most important work of his later period.
Dustoevsky influenced many writers of the twentieth century, including Faulkner, Kamm, Kafka, and the famous Japanese director Akira Kurosawa, but there were also people who disdained him, such as Nabokov, Henry, James, and D? H. Lawrence.
Together with Tolstoy and Turgenev, he is known as the "Big Three" of Russian literature, and Wang Jiezhi, a professor at Nanjing Normal University, believes that "Turgenev looks at life with a poetic eye and shows beauty with a poetic tone. Tolstoy had the spirit of a thinker and was able to see the whole picture of society.
And Dustoevsky pays attention to the exploration of human nature, forcing him to look at the dark side of human nature. His depressed style is closely related to his experience and mental state. 」
Gorky said, "His talent is rivaled only by Shakespeare. But his decadence made Tolstoy lament that "he cannot be regarded as a model for posterity."
When Haloblon wrote the Western Canon, he chose only Tolstoy in Russian literature, because there was always an evil spirit in Dustoevsky's works, and he himself was a gambler who lost every gamble.
Lu Xun called him "the great interrogator of the human soul," and "later, he appeared as a sinner of great sin and a cruel torturer." He puts the men and women in the novel in unbearable circumstances to test them, not only stripping away the whiteness of the surface and torturing the evil hidden underneath, but also torturing the true whiteness hidden under that sin. 」
Dustoevsky focused on the discovery of human nature, constantly torturing his soul in an almost brutal way. In his last work, The Brothers Karamazov, Dustoevsky wrote an inscription from John 12:24: "Verily, verily, I say unto you, A grain of wheat that does not fall to the ground dies remains a grain, but if it dies, it bears many grains." (To be continued......)