Li Qingzhao (1084-1155), a native of the Song Dynasty, was the most famous female lyricist in Chinese history. Self-proclaimed Yi'an Jushi.

Li Qingzhao was born in Mingshui Town, Zhangqiu, Qizhou (now Zhangqiu City, Jinan City, Shandong Province) in the Northern Song Dynasty (in 2004, Professor Xu Beiwen wrote that Li Qingzhao's hometown should be from Lixia in Qizhou, that is, from Licheng District, Jinan City, but he has never settled in Jinan in his life).

His father, Li Gefei, was born as a Jinshi, an official and a member of the Ministry of Rites, and was a very famous writer at that time, who was deeply appreciated by Su Shi, a master craftsman in the literary world at that time, and often corresponded with articles.

Mother Wang's family is famous, Gaozu Wang Jingtu, great-grandfather Wang Zan, are all honored Jinshi, grandfather Wang Zhun was named the Duke of Han Guo, father Wang Qi was in the Song Dynasty Shenzong Xining for the Zhongshu Province Pingzhangshi, Yuanfeng was the left servant of Shangshu, are the prime ministers in charge of the country, and were named the Duke of Qiguo. The good literature "History of the Song Dynasty and the Biography of Li Gefei" mistakenly called Li Qingzhao's mother Wang as the granddaughter of Gongchen, the prince of Yike.

In 1101, Li Qingzhao was 18 years old and married Zhao Mingcheng, a student of Zhucheng, who was three years older than her. Zhao is the Jin Shi family. In the early stage, the life was stable and affluent, and the lyrics mostly wrote about the resentment of the boudoir or the thoughts of the traveling husband, such as "The Pride of the Fisherman", "Creation may be intentional, so teach the bright moon exquisitely." A total of bounty bottles sink green ants, don't get drunk, this is not a group of flowers."

In 1107, he moved to Qingzhou. In 1127, when the Jin soldiers captured Qingzhou, Li Qingzhao and her husband Nandu Jiangning's "Preface to the Golden Stone Record": "Since the long things cannot be fully loaded, those who go to the major printing of the book first, and then go to the many paintings, and those who have no money to know the ancient artifacts. Later, he went to the prison of the book, and the ordinary person who painted it. The most important of the instrument.

Where repeatedly subtracted, still carry 15 cars, to the East China Sea, even the boat to cross the Huai, and then cross the river, to Jiankang. When he arrived at Zhenjiang, Zhang Yu fell into Zhenjiang Mansion, and Qian Boyan, the warden of Zhenjiang, abandoned the city and fled. In the spring of the second year of Jianyan (1128), he arrived in Jiangning Mansion.

After crossing to the south, the poet's life was difficult. In 1129, her husband died in Jiankang on the 18th day of the eighth lunar month. Li Qingzhao was a literary sacrifice: "The sun is in the middle of the day. Sigh Pang Weng's opportunity, the strong city fell by itself, and the sorrow of the poor woman is deep. Xie Ji: In March of the first year of Shaoxing (1131), volume 1 of "Forty-six Talks", he went to Vietnam (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang) in the house of the Tumin Zhong family. One night the calligraphy and paintings were stolen.

The ancient scroll of gold and stone collected with her husband back then. All scattered. She was devastated, and her writing turned to worry about reality, so she experienced the ruin of the country and the death of her family in the later period, and her twilight years drifted away. The emotional tone changes to poignant and melancholy, such as "Slow Voice", "looking for and seeking, cold and lonely, miserable and miserable".

Zhang Duanyi's "Gui'er Collection": "Since the southern crossing, (Li Qingzhao) often misses the old things of Beijing and Luo. In his later years, he gave the word cloud of "Eternal Happiness": "The sunset melts gold, and the twilight clouds merge. 』」

Li Qingzhao's evening scene is quite bleak, Zhu Yu's "Pingzhou Can Talk" said of her: "If you don't end the evening, you will die in exile, and you will be blessed with her talents, which is a pity." Chao Gongwu's "Junzhai Reading Journal" also contains: "However, there is no inspection, and the evening season is lost among the rivers and lakes. 」

In the "History of the Song Dynasty, Art and Literature", it is said that she has seven volumes of "Yi'an Jushi Anthology" and eight volumes of "Yi'an Ci", but they have been lost. There are about 50 existing compilations of "Shuyu Ci".

Li Qingzhao's works are very different in style before and after. Before the Song Dynasty crossed to the south, Li Qingzhao lived a happy life, his works were enthusiastic and lively, bright and innocent, and he wrote more about the carefree life of a girl, as well as the parting lovesickness after marriage, fully expressing the feelings of women's boudoirs.

After the Song dynasty crossed to the south, her husband died of illness, and when the country collapsed, they were all reflected in the lyrics one by one, Li Qingzhao wrote more about the pain of displacement, the sadness of loneliness, lingering and miserable, and into a deep sadness.

Li Qingzhao's early style of words was tactful, euphemistic and subtle. In the later period, due to the pain of the country's ruin, family loss, widowhood, etc., the style of words turned lonely and miserable.

The lyrics are characterized by harmonious rhythm, good at white description, delicate portrayal, vivid image, appropriate metaphor, proper use of classics, good use of overlapping words, overlapping sentences and couplets, and likes to use plain words and ordinary words into words, shallow and natural.

Li Qingzhao is very strict about the demarcation of poetry, and she put forward the saying that "words, not one family" in "Theory of Words". It is asserted that the words must be elegant, consonant, descriptive, and realistic.

Li Qingzhao pushed the school of euphemism to a new peak. At the same time, by describing personal suffering, it reflects the historical tragedy of the entire country and nation at the turn of the Song Dynasty and the Song Dynasty, and creates the characteristics of the "Yi'an style": ordinary words are used in words, the style is poignant and pathetic, and the style is suave and husbandly.

Zhu Xi, who was also from the Song Dynasty, said: "The women of this dynasty are capable of writing, but there are only two people, Mrs. Wei and Li Yi'an. Later generations further evaluated Li Qingzhao's achievements, for example, Yang Shen clearly stated: "Li Yi'an, who wrote words in the Song Dynasty, is also known as the champion".

Shen Zengzhi described Li Ci's artistic charm as: "Those who fall in love are drunk with their fragrance, and those who fly to imagine appreciate their divine horses". Zheng Zhenduo also highly praised Li Qingzhao, but called him a "poet": "Li Qingzhao is the greatest female poet of the Song Dynasty and the greatest female poet in the history of Chinese literature.

Representative lyrics: "Wuling Spring, Wind and Dust and Fragrant Flowers Are Exhausted", "Drunken Flower Yin, Misty Clouds and Sorrowful Eternal Day", "A Plum, Red Lotus Fragrance Residual Jade in Autumn", "Little Heavy Mountain, Spring to Changmen Grass Green", "Memories of Qin'e, Lingao Pavilion", "Dolly, Xiaolou Han", "Good Things Are Near, Wind Falls Deep", "Like a Dream, Last Night's Rain and Storm", "Like a Dream", "Like a Dream", "Like a Dream", "Chang Ji Xiting Sunset", "Slow Voice, Looking for Seeking", "Nian Nujiao, Depression Courtyard", "Transfer to Man Tingfang, Fangcao Pond", "Qingping Le, Nian Nian Xueli", " Bodhisattva barbarian, soft wind and thin spring, especially early", "minus the word magnolia, selling flowers on the burden", "lonely goose, rattan bed paper tent to sleep" mourning Zhao Mingcheng's words, etc.

"Bodhisattva Barbarian" - Gui Hongsheng breaks off the clouds, and the snow falls from the back window. The bottom of the candle is bright, and the hairpin head is light.

The sound of the horn prompts the dawn to leak, and the dawn returns to the bullfight. It is difficult to see flowers in spring, and the west wind leaves the old cold.

Poems: "Huxi Zhongxing Tablet Poems", "Wujiang", "Emperor Gechun Post", "Diaoyutai", "Eight Yonglou", "Upper Privy Han Xiaoxuan Poems, etc.".

Text: "The Preface to the Golden Stone Record", "The Theory of Words", "The Preface to the Horse Drawing", "The Bachelor of Touhanlin Qi Chongliqi", etc.

"Slow Voice" begins with seven overlapping words: "Seeking and seeking, cold and lonely, miserable and miserable." This is the Gongsun Auntie swordsman, this dynasty is not an incompetent person, there has never been a fourteen stacks of words, with the "Anthology" fugues.

"The sycamore is also drizzling, to dusk, bit by bit. And he made the words stacked, and there were no axe chisel marks. There is also a strange word: "Shouding (Editor's note: This is not a clerical error, it is indeed the word "Ding".) Window, how to be born alone in the dark. The word "black" is not allowed to be detained by a second person. The woman has this writing, and she is angry. (Zhang Ruiyi's "Gui'er Collection" volume)

Song people fill in the lyrics, Li Yi'an is also known as the crown. In the clothes, when competing with Qin Qi and Huang Jiu, not only in the boudoir. Its name is "Shuyu Collection", but it has not been found. "Slow Voice" is the most subtle word. The so-called cloud valley is the old for the new, and the vulgar is elegant, and Yi'an gets it first. (Yang Shen's "Words and Products" Volume 2)

When he was young, he and the Tang and Song dynasties were three hundred times, but he didn't dare to "look for and seek" again, for fear of being laughed at by women. (Shen Qian's "Dongjiang Money Collection")

Yuan Yishizhen's "The Legend of Lang Huan" has the following story: "Yi An sent a letter to Zhao Mingcheng in Chongyang's "Drunken Flower Yin". Mingcheng admires, is ashamed, and wants to win. All the thanks, avoid eating and forgetting to sleep for three days and nights, get fifteen yuan, miscellaneous easy to make to show his friend Lu Defu.

Dev played again and again, saying: "Only three sentences are excellent". Honest and honest. He replied: "Mo Dao does not kill the soul, the curtain is swept by the west wind, and people are thinner than yellow flowers. It's easy to do it. 」

The last three sentences of "Lonely Goose, Rattan Bed Paper Tent Sleeping": "A branch is broken, and no one can send it in the heavens on earth." This is a mourning for the death of her husband Zhao Mingcheng's words, plum blossoms are the image that runs through from love to marriage, these three sentences express the dazed and helpless after the death of the husband.

"Summer Quatrain": Life is a hero, death is also a ghost. So far, I think of Xiang Yu and refuse to cross Jiangdong. (To be continued......)