Zhao Tuo then sent troops to attack the king of Anyang and drove him away, and then annexed Guilin and Xiang counties. Zhao Tuo considered that the Yue tribe of Xiangjun was too powerful, and split Xiangjun into two counties, Jiaozhi and Jiuzhen, and only sent two envoys to manage major affairs, and the daily affairs were still managed by the leaders of each tribe themselves.

Around 203 BC (the third year of Gaozu of the Han Dynasty), Zhao Tuo took Panyu as his capital and established the Nanyue Kingdom in the Lingnan region, calling himself the "Wu King of Nanyue".

In addition, Liu Xiang of the Western Han Dynasty also recorded that Qin Shi Huang once discussed the issue of "Zen Concession" with the doctors:

After the collapse of the Six Kingdoms, Qin Shi Huang convened a court meeting on a certain day, with the three kings (i.e., Xia Yu, Shang Tang, and King Wu of Zhou) practicing the hereditary system, and the five emperors practicing Zen to let the system, asking the ministers which was better, and then choosing to follow them. Because of this sensitive issue involving the succession to the throne, the doctors were silent about it, only the doctor Bao Bering was called the Five Emperors and Wise Men and regarded the world as the official world, and the three kings were hereditary and regarded the world as their home.

Qin Shi Huang believed that his virtue was inherited from the Five Emperors, so he wanted to "govern the world" and leave the world to virtuous people, and asked Bao Bailing who could inherit his career. Bao Bailingzhi poured cold water on Qin Shi Huang in the court, pointing out that Qin Shi Huang practiced the "way of the people" and carried out a number of projects during his tenure, abusing the people's power too much, which was far from the virtue of the Five Emperors. In the face of Bao Bailingzhi's words, Qin Shi Huang was silent for a while, his face was ashamed, and finally dispelled the idea of "Zen concession".

In fact, due to the fact that during the Warring States Period, there was a history of King Yan giving the throne to his son, and Qin Shi Huang thought that he was "meritorious to the three emperors, and virtuous to be the five emperors". It is not surprising that there is a "Zen letting" idea. It's just that the "Records of the Historians" is the most authoritative source for studying the life of Qin Shi Huang, and the "Records of the Historians" does not record this event, which means that "Qin Shi Huang talks about Zen concessions" can only be used as an anecdotal reference.

In order to seek the elixir of immortality, Qin Shi Huang sent Xu Fu to lead 6,000 boys and women across the East China Sea to seek immortals. According to the "Six Posts of Chuyi", Xu Fu and the boys and girls never returned after arriving at their destination Yingzhou (i.e., today's book), and the Japanese Qin clan was their descendants, but some scholars of later generations have raised doubts about this.

Qin Shi Huang is an epoch-making figure in Chinese history who is extremely legendary and eloquent.

He was the first emperor of China, the founder of the emperor's honorific title, the founder of the Chinese emperor system, and the first person to bring China into the era of centralized monarchy.

He lived his whole life and the world, called the emperor, abolished the division of feuds, placed counties and counties, conquered Baiyue, chased the Huns, built the Great Wall, opened ditches, sold weapons, moved the rich, the car was on the same track, the book was the same, the money was the same coin, the currency was the same shape, the degree was the same ruler, the weight was the same, the line was the same, the law was one, the country was ruled by law, and the book was burned and Confucianism. For the great unification of China, for the establishment of China's political system, for the establishment of China's territory, and for the inheritance of the Chinese nation. All of them have played an indelible key role and have had an immeasurable and far-reaching impact on China and the world in later generations.

But since ancient times, Qin Shi Huang has been a controversial figure, and those who hail him have called him the "Emperor of the Ages" who pioneered the unification situation. Those who deprive them call it a "generation of tyrants" of authoritarian dictatorship.

Qin Shi Huang put an end to the situation of more than 500 years of division and chaos among the princes of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The first unified, multi-ethnic, authoritarian centralized state in Chinese history was established. It has laid a solid foundation for China's development. The so-called "Han Cheng Qin system" "has not changed since the Qin Dynasty". The Qin Empire, founded by Qin Shi Huang, laid the foundation for China's political system for nearly 2,000 years.

Qin Shi Huang made China complete the political and economic unification for the first time. According to historical records, the Xia Dynasty, the Shang Dynasty, the Shang Dynasty, the Zhou Dynasty, the Zhou Dynasty, the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Spring and Autumn Period, the Spring and Autumn Period, the "Seven Heroes" were formed.

The national books of these countries are different languages, the coins are different shapes, the degrees are different, the weights are different, and the ten-mile is still different. Qin Shi Huang, on the other hand, established the first unified, multi-ethnic centralized state in the land of China without precedent, forming a unified situation of "the same track, the same book, the same coin, the same shape, the same degree, the same weight, the same line, and one law", which laid a solid foundation for the subsequent dynasties to seek unification.

Since the Qin Dynasty, the writing used by the Chinese originated from the Qin people, China's vast territory is the continuation of the Qin Empire, the unity and integration of the Chinese nation began to take shape during the Qin Empire, and China has the profound imprint of Qin Shihuang in all aspects of political system and cultural thought: the cultural and martial arts established by Qin Shihuang more than 2,000 years ago have always been linked to the blood of the Chinese nation since then.

Qin Shi Huang's greatest creation of the political system was to abolish the feudal system throughout the country and replace it with the county system, and under the direct control of the emperor, establish a complete set of bureaucratic institutions from the central government to the counties, and establish the authority and centralization of the central government.

In addition to the reform of the political system, Qin Shi Huang also extensively unified various other systems, including the national water and land transportation system (car and track), the national script (book and paper), the national system of weights and measures (the same degree and the same weight), and the national currency system (money with the same coin, currency with the same shape).

He also tried to unify the ideas of the whole country (burning books and pit Confucianism), but he did not complete it because the means were too violent (the unification of ideas could not be completed until Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty's "deposing the hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone"). It should be said that it was precisely because Qin Shi Huang paid attention to the rule and system construction of the conquered land, unlike other contemporaries (such as Alexander of ancient Macedonia, or Caesar of ancient Rome) who only emphasized conquest and did not pay attention to the construction and unification of institutions and cultures, that the unified land rule was stable, so that China did not experience a truly irretrievable division or extinction like other ancient civilizations in the next few thousand years, and laid a historical foundation for the territory of modern China.

Although China has experienced a long period of civil strife and division, and the languages of different regions are also very different, they have always had the same culture, and after several divisions, they have been unified again and again because Qin Shi Huang unified the written language.

Qin Shi Huang pioneered the post station system and built post roads, which laid the technical foundation for the government decrees of the huge empire and the resulting imperial state of the county system.

"Build post roads and set up counties" is a necessary condition for China to adopt an advanced system such as the county system, rather than a feudal system similar to the West. At the same time, ancient Rome could not effectively control the occupied areas, and could only set up a satrap with great power (the satrap controlled the military and political power of a place, all of which were nobles, and the grassroots organizations relied on the original local organization), which was still similar to the feudal system, which was a very important reason for the later division of the Roman Empire.

The county system is a civilian system, in which the military and political heads are appointed by the emperor, and according to their political achievements and military merits, they can be promoted or demoted, and can be transferred on an equal footing, which led to the emergence of professional bureaucrats and professional soldiers. Professional bureaucrats and professional soldiers can come from civilians, and the county bureaucracy effectively guarantees the right of civilians (cloth) to participate in politics (such as Li Si, Meng Ao, etc. are all cloth, and they will only enter the prime minister according to their military merits), which is undoubtedly a major historical progress compared with the aristocratic politics of the feudal system.

Qin Shi Huang inherited this tradition and greatly admired the Legalist figure Han Fei, who once lamented that "if you travel with him, you will have no hatred". During the war, Qin Shi Huang rewarded and punished generals for meritorious service in accordance with the law. After the unification of China, Qin Shi Huang adopted certain provisions of the laws of the six countries on the basis of the original legal decrees of the Qin state, and formulated and promulgated a unified law for the whole country. Although Qin Shi Huang was autocratic and believed that "I am the world", there was a Qin generation who still ruled the country according to law.

All in all, Qin Shi Huang's life and the world, the title of emperor, the abolition of the division of feuds, the placement of counties, the conquest of the hundred Yue, the expulsion of the Xiongnu, the construction of the Great Wall, the passage of ditches, the sale of weapons, the relocation of the rich, the same track, the same book, the same coin, the same shape, the same ruler, the same weight, the same line, one law, the rule of law, the burning of books and Confucianism, all played an indelible key role in the great unification of China, the establishment of the Chinese political system, the establishment of the Chinese territory, and the inheritance of the Chinese nation, which can be called the "Emperor of the Ages". (To be continued......)