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Previously, the Great Song Dynasty's frying method used an open furnace for steelmaking. To put it bluntly, it is to put cast iron and iron ore in a "pot" to smelt.

The converter steelmaking that Tang Yi wants to use is just a closed blast furnace, which uses the temperature of the molten iron itself to smelt like a "stuffy tank".

It is fundamentally different from the original casting furnace.

However, even if it is different, Tang Yi has never seen the converter of later generations. But the principle is universal, Tang Yiyi described, and it is not difficult for the craftsmen to combine their experience to make a test furnace.

The converter needs to be driven by power and blown. These are not difficult, the power can be built with waterwheels, driven by water power, and blown with artificial blows, which is not a problem.

The earliest experimental furnace was also made a long time ago, but why is there a breakthrough now?

This is the reason why Tang Yi and the craftsmen are inexperienced.

First of all, there is the problem of refractory bricks;

Secondly, there is the problem of refractory bricks.

The fire bricks used in the experimental furnace are the best official brick kilns in the Great Song Dynasty, which are specially used for the imperial court iron-making kiln, and the quality is absolutely no problem.

It's just that there is one thing that everyone doesn't take into account.

That is, the original steel frying furnace is a low-volume furnace, with a temperature of only a few hundred degrees, and the highest is not more than a thousand degrees, and the iron smelting ore is enough. However, the temperature of the converter is too high, and the original refractory bricks cannot withstand such high temperatures.

As a result, the experimental furnace burned down the first time it was opened.

There was no way, Tang Yi and the craftsmen had to re-fire higher-performance refractory bricks.

When the new brick furnace is finally qualified, the problem comes again...... No matter how it is refined, it is impossible to refine ferrochrome that meets Tang Yi's requirements, and even if this furnace is used to smelt ordinary iron, it cannot reach the height that Tang Yi imagined.

Why?

Tang Yi didn't find out for a while, because the whole smelting process was absolutely fine.

I searched and searched, but the problem was still in the refractory bricks.

It was a fluke to find out why

。 When the furnace was built, a lot of refractory bricks were transported, and there was still a surplus after the furnace was built. When the workers of the glass kiln saw that there were many bricks, they came to ask for them, saying that they would take them back to repair the glass kiln.

This reminded Tang Yi, and he suddenly remembered that refractory bricks are also acidic and alkaline.

It is better to use acid fire bricks for glass burning, while alkaline refractory bricks are used for metallurgical ironmaking.

The ancients had no concept of acidity and alkalinity, so naturally they didn't know, was there something wrong with it?

After asking in detail about the firing materials and process of the new bricks, Tang Yi was alert that it was really a problem of the acidity and alkalinity of the bricks.

With acid refractory brick metallurgy, the low-temperature furnace is fine, and the iron smelting level of the Great Song Dynasty is limited, and the influence of fire bricks is almost invisible.

However, in blast furnace steelmaking, the requirements for fire bricks are greater, and the acidity and alkalinity of refractory bricks become particularly important.

Tang Yi had to readjust the recipe of the fire bricks and burn new refractory bricks.

It's also thanks to that he's a chemistry major, and if he changes someone else, he will have to be blind.

The new furnace was finally built.

When the two converters are started at the same time, the first furnace ferrochrome and the first furnace converter steel are poured out of the furnace at the same time......

Zhao Zhen and others, who came to watch, gritted their gums excitedly.

Zeng Gongliang even rushed to the furnace, staring at the orange-red molten iron billowing out of the furnace.

"Taphole geometry?"

Without waiting for the molten iron to cool down into ingots, Zeng Gongliang couldn't help but ask the craftsman.

The craftsman was also excited, "I haven't been called yet, but I definitely have a thousand catties!" ”

"Moreover, it takes only half the time, and the fire used is also several times less than before!!"

When Zhao Zhen heard this, he smiled and said to Tang Yi: "Remember a great achievement!" ”

The current annual steelmaking capacity of the Great Song Dynasty is about 10 to 150,000 tons.

Don't think this number is too small, after the Industrial Revolution, at the end of the eighteenth century, the annual output of steel in Britain was only 76,000 tons.

The emergence of converters not only increases the output, but also the cost of squeezing is the most important point.

With the existing demand of Da Song, the annual output of 150,000 tons of steel is enough, mainly the cost.

Half of the time is saved, which means that half of the labor cost is saved. And further savings in fire consumption and fuel mean that Da Song can spend less money and get better steel.

In the era of cold weapons, steel was not only a necessity for the people's life, but also an extremely important strategic material.

Di Qing whispered beside Tang Yi and asked, "Is this wrought iron, or cast iron?" ”

Tang Yi smiled proudly, "The level of forging iron is equivalent to thirty-six forged iron, and if it is forged, what kind of refined iron is a floating cloud!" ”

Di Qing didn't believe it, "Really? Straight out of steel? ”

"Of course it's true!"

The steel of this era actually belongs to carbon steel. It's just that the properties of steel are different due to the different carbon content.

Tang Yi has a good ratio of carbon steel in his head, and it is really not difficult to go straight to steel.

Moreover, not only can he directly tap the steel, he also knows the formula of manganese steel and other alloy steels. If you want to surpass the existing 100 steel, don't be too simple!

His eyes rolled, "In a few days, when I'm free, watch me fight you two weapons, absolutely invincible in the world." ”

Di Qing's eyes lit up, "Then thank Da Lang first!" ”

Tang Yi thought of 'Damascus Leather Steel', if he could go to India to catch two blacksmiths and come back...

Won't that legendary steelmaking technique be lost?

......

Chatting here, molten steel cooling over there. The craftsman tried the fineness of the steel ingot, and sure enough, as Tang Yi said, the strength of the furnace is equivalent to the original thirty-six forged iron.

Zhao Zhen was overjoyed.

Not to mention the economic effect, it is enough to have such a simple and efficient process. He was thinking about whether to change the armor of hundreds of thousands of forbidden troops first.

Tang Yi disagreed.

The blast furnace has just been built, and there are still many places that need to be tested and improved, and when the technology is perfected, the quality of tapping is bound to be much better than now, and there is no need to be so anxious.

And....

If you want to make armor weapons, manganese steel is definitely better than carbon steel!

Not only is it stronger, but it is not easy to rust, and most importantly, the plasticity and casting difficulty of manganese steel are much easier than that of carbide.

The temper of manganese steel is very strange and interesting: if 2.5-3.5% manganese is added to the steel, then the low-manganese steel produced is simply brittle like glass, and it will break when struck.

However, if more than 13% manganese is added to make high-manganese steel, it becomes both hard and tough.

On top of that, when high manganese steel is heated to a pale orange color, it becomes very soft and easy to process in a variety of ways, making it the best choice for forging weapons and armor.

Tang Yi planned to get the high-manganese steel out, and then let the craftsmen try to study the stamping technology, make a stamping and forming plate armor, and then redress the Great Song army.

Zhao Zhen was so happy that he half-truthfully blamed Tang Yi, "Why didn't you take out such an iron-smelting method earlier, and what kind of business do you do?" ”

Tang Yi smiled bitterly, speaking of it, it seemed that it had only been a few months to improve the technology of the Great Song Dynasty Iron Smelting.

But who saw the effort behind his back?

This is the product of his accumulation of skills and experience since he came to the Great Song Dynasty, and he traveled all over the country to find natural minerals.

Do you always think that if I open my mouth, I will have it?

Just thinking about it, a servant from the academy came over the mountain in a panic, and came to Tang Yi's side and whispered a few words.

Tang Yi was shocked, and he complained to Zhao Zhen worriedly, so he hurriedly ran to the academy.

Zhao Zhenxin said, what's wrong? What's wrong?

Something is wrong.

Heizi and Dong Xiqin stayed in Yingtian for more than a month, and finally came back.

Merely......

Kuroko was carried back!

...... (To be continued.) )